Estimates of Prevalence Rates of Cancer Patients With Children and Well-Being in Affected Children: A Systematic Review on Population-Based Findings.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Inhestern L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8656299 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Schools are often cited as a source of support for orphans and children affected by HIV/AIDS in populations experiencing generalized HIV epidemics and severe poverty. Here we investigate the success of schools at including and supporting the well being of vulnerable children in rural Zimbabwe.Data from a cross-sectional household survey of 4577 children (aged 6-17 years), conducted between 2009 and 2011, were linked to data on the characteristics of 28 primary schools and 18 secondary schools from a parallel monitoring and evaluation facility survey.We construct two measures of school quality (one general and one HIV-specific) and use multivariable regression to test whether these were associated with improved educational outcomes and well being for vulnerable children.School quality was not associated with primary or secondary school attendance, but was associated with children's being in the correct grade for age [adjusted odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-3.5, P = 0.01]. General and HIV-specific school quality had significant positive effects on well being in the primary school-age children (coefficient 5.1, 95% CI 2.4-7.7, P < 0.01 and coefficient 3.0, 95% CI 0.4-5.6, P = 0.02, respectively), but not in the secondary school-age children (P > 0.2). There was no evidence that school quality provided an additional benefit to the well being of vulnerable children. Community HIV prevalence was negatively associated with well being in the secondary school-age children (coefficient -0.7, 95% CI -1.3 to -0.1, P = 0.03).General and HIV-specific school quality may enhance the well being of primary school-age children in eastern Zimbabwe. Local community context also plays an important role in child well being.
| S-EPMC4762197 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Migrant children's well-being has emerged into the spotlight of academic literature and policy-makers in recent times. This systematic review is aimed at analysing the publication trends on the topic and at synthesising the available evidence on the antecedents of well-being of first-generation international migrant children. Systematic searches of primary studies were conducted in 18 databases using search terms related to migration, childhood and well-being. Three rounds of screening and data extraction, researchers' full agreement and the inclusion criteria produced 39 eligible studies. Critical appraisal of results revealed a fragmentation in the literature, the evidence available being mostly descriptive and focused on involuntary migrants settled in Western countries. A bias across publications overlooking younger migrant children was unveiled. The compartmentalisation of the evidence hindered an understanding of the magnitude of the different effects of migration on well-being. Antecedents of well-being have been documented as factors fostering and hindering well-being. Important gaps in literature and key antecedents of well-being have been uncovered for voluntary and involuntary migrant children. These findings show limitations in the available evidence pointing to specific suggestions for future research that should help improve interventions at the social and individual levels.
| S-EPMC8453737 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To compare self-reported health and well-being in a sample of cancer survivors with individuals who have not had cancer and with individuals who have a serious chronic condition other than cancer.A cross-sectional survey drawn from an online panel of 400,000 UK citizens supplemented with other online recruitment and telephone recruitment. The participants were 4892 individuals 30 years of age or above, including 780 individuals with a previous cancer diagnosis, 1372 individuals with one or more of 10 chronic conditions but not cancer and 2740 individuals without a previous cancer diagnosis or chronic condition. Thirteen measures of health and well-being were constructed from answers to 25 survey items covering physical, psychological and social dimensions of health and well-being.Cancer survivors were significantly more likely to report poor health outcomes across all 13 measures than those with no history of cancer or a chronic condition. The adjusted odds ratios for cancer survivors with no chronic conditions compared with healthy participants ranged from 1.37 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31-1.96) for emotional well-being to 3.34 (95% CI: 2.74-4.08) for number of health professionals consulted in the last 12 months. The health profile of cancer survivors was similar to those with a history of a serious chronic health condition.A substantial number of individuals who have had a diagnosis of cancer experience ongoing poor health and well-being following cancer and cancer treatment. The results of this study provide an initial basis for the development of specific help and support for cancer survivors.
| S-EPMC3251954 | biostudies-other
Project description:Mental health concerns have been well studied among youth experiencing homelessness, yet few studies have explored factors that contribute to well-being in this population. The current cross-sectional study examined rates and correlates of well-being among youth experiencing homelessness. This is a descriptive, secondary analysis of the baseline data from a clinical intervention study. Ninety-nine youth (aged 16-25) who were experiencing homelessness were recruited in Chicago. Approximately 40% of the sample reported average or above average well-being relative to existing benchmarks. Having medical insurance, a mobile phone, and a history of more severe childhood trauma were unique cross-sectional predictors of worse well-being (all ps < 0.034). A significant portion of our sample experienced well-being. Having access to certain resources may be counterintuitive indicators of poorer well-being among youth experiencing homelessness, perhaps because they are indicators of greater need or increased social comparison among these youth.
| S-EPMC9464689 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This research aims at studying the effect of feedback on well-being (vitality, and positive and negative affect), competence valuation, perceived competence, motivation, and performance (throwing speed and accuracy) in a throwing task. Thirty nine expert women handball players, with experience in international handball competitions, participated in this study. They were indiscriminately ascribed to one of three different experimental conditions measuring feedback: (positive, negative, and none). Significant differences in well-being (positive affect) and throwing speed were found among the three feedback groups. More concretely, higher levels of positive affect and throwing speed were found in the negative feedback group in comparison with the other two groups (positive and no-feedback). These results have important implications for athletes' well-being and performance, and for coaches' training programs.
| S-EPMC7504394 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Despite recognizing the detrimental impact of parental violence on children's mental and physical health throughout their lives, violence remains an all-too-real part of life for many children around the globe. However, data on the child-reported prevalence of experienced family violence are scarce and primarily based on parental reports. This study aimed to broaden the body of evidence and measure the lifetime prevalence of child-reported experience of violent disciplinary practices perpetrated by parents and to identify its associated sociodemographic and economic factors. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from 5,281 Generation XXI participants recruited from 2005 to 2006 in Porto, Portugal. Parental disciplinary practices were reported by 7-year-old children using the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale. Pearson's Chi-squared test was used to compare differences in child-reported frequencies of violent disciplinary practices by sociodemographic variables. We observed statistically significant differences in rates of violent disciplinary practices according to the child's and parent's gender. Specifically, fathers exhibited a higher likelihood than mothers to engage in psychological aggression and corporal punishment, while mothers were more prone to engage in severe and very severe physical assault. When fathers were the perpetrators, boys were more inclined than girls to report all forms of violent disciplinary measures, and when mothers were the perpetrators, boys were particularly susceptible to severe and very severe physical assault compared to girls. In our study, children reported being frequently subjected to violent parental disciplinary practices, independently of family socioeconomic background. Children were more likely to experience psychological aggression and corporal punishment if they were born into high-income families, while severe and very severe physical assaults were more common among children whose parents had lower educational levels. National public awareness of the negative effects of violent disciplinary practices is urgently needed, promoting child-friendly and nonviolent approaches to discipline.
| S-EPMC10993632 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceMortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) varies across communities and is associated with known structural and population health factors. Still, a population's well-being, including sense of purpose, social relationships, financial security, and relationship to community, may be an important target to improve cardiovascular health.ObjectiveTo examine the association of population level measures of well-being with rates of CVD mortality in the US.Design, setting, and participantsThis cross-sectional study linked data from the Gallup National Health and Well-Being Index (WBI) survey to county-level rates of CVD mortality from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke. Participants were respondents of the WBI survey, which was conducted by Gallup with randomly selected adults aged 18 years or older from 2015 to 2017. Data were analyzed from August 2022 to May 2023.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was the county-level rate of total CVD mortality; secondary outcomes were mortality rates for stroke, heart failure, coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, and total heart disease. The association of population well-being (measured using a modified version of the WBI) with CVD mortality was assessed, and an analysis of whether the association was modified by county structural factors (Area Deprivation Index [ADI], income inequality, and urbanicity) and population health factors (percentages of the adult population who had hypertension, diabetes, or obesity; were currently smoking; and were physically inactive) was conducted. Population WBI and its ability to mediate the association of structural factors associated with CVD using structural equation models was also assessed.ResultsWell-being surveys were completed by 514 971 individuals (mean [SD] age 54.0 [19.2] years; 251 691 [48.9%] women; 379 521 [76.0%] White respondents) living in 3228 counties. Mortality rates for CVD decreased from a mean of 499.7 (range, 174.2-974.7) deaths per 100 000 persons in counties with the lowest quintile of population well-being to 438.6 (range, 110.1-850.4) deaths per 100 000 persons in counties with the highest quintile of population well-being. Secondary outcomes showed similar patterns. In the unadjusted model, the effect size (SE) of WBI on CVD mortality was -15.5 (1.5; P < .001), or a decrease of 15 deaths per 100 000 persons for each 1-point increase of population well-being. After adjusting for structural factors and structural plus population health factors, the association was attenuated but still significant, with an effect size (SE) of -7.3 (1.6; P < .001); for each 1-point increase in well-being, the total cardiovascular death rate decreased by 7.3 deaths per 100 000 persons. Secondary outcomes showed similar patterns, with mortality due to coronary heart disease and heart failure being significant in fully adjusted models. In mediation analyses, associations of income inequality and ADI with CVD mortality were all partly mediated by the modified population WBI.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cross-sectional study assessing the association of well-being and cardiovascular outcomes, higher well-being, a measurable, modifiable, and meaningful outcome, was associated with lower CVD mortality, even after controlling for structural and cardiovascular-related population health factors, indicating that well-being may be a focus for advancing cardiovascular health.
| S-EPMC10323707 | biostudies-literature
Project description:CONTEXT:Evidence confirms associations between childhood violence and major causes of mortality in adulthood. A synthesis of data on past-year prevalence of violence against children will help advance the United Nations' call to end all violence against children. OBJECTIVES:Investigators systematically reviewed population-based surveys on the prevalence of past-year violence against children and synthesized the best available evidence to generate minimum regional and global estimates. DATA SOURCES:We searched Medline, PubMed, Global Health, NBASE, CINAHL, and the World Wide Web for reports of representative surveys estimating prevalences of violence against children. STUDY SELECTION:Two investigators independently assessed surveys against inclusion criteria and rated those included on indicators of quality. DATA EXTRACTION:Investigators extracted data on past-year prevalences of violent victimization by country, age group, and type (physical, sexual, emotional, or multiple types). We used a triangulation approach which synthesized data to generate minimum regional prevalences, derived from population-weighted averages of the country-specific prevalences. RESULTS:Thirty-eight reports provided quality data for 96 countries on past-year prevalences of violence against children. Base case estimates showed a minimum of 50% or more of children in Asia, Africa, and Northern America experienced past-year violence, and that globally over half of all children-1 billion children, ages 2-17 years-experienced such violence. LIMITATIONS:Due to variations in timing and types of violence reported, triangulation could only be used to generate minimum prevalence estimates. CONCLUSIONS:Expanded population-based surveillance of violence against children is essential to target prevention and drive the urgent investment in action endorsed in the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda.
| S-EPMC6496958 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMental well-being is fundamental for a good life. Previous literature has examined the predictors of mental disorders and continuous measures of positive mental health. Very few studies have specifically focused on the predictors of different levels of mental well-being, but those that have suggest a different picture. This study aimed to compare socioeconomic and relational/recreational behaviour predictors of different levels of mental well-being as well as common mental disorders (CMDs).MethodsData from 3508 adults aged 16+ years old from the Danish Mental Health and Well-Being Survey 2016 were linked to Danish national register-based data. Mental well-being was assessed using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, and information on CMDs was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4). Regression analyses were conducted to estimate the predictors of low and high mental well-being compared to moderate mental well-being and also of CMDs.ResultsLower socioeconomic position (education, income and employment status) was associated with increased odds of low mental well-being and the presence of CMDs, but did not significantly predict high mental well-being. Relational/recreational behaviours (informal and formal social participation, social support and recreational activity) were associated with reduced odds of low mental well-being and CMDs, and also with increased odds of high mental well-being.ConclusionsSocioeconomic predictors of high mental well-being do not mirror those of low mental well-being and CMDs, whereas relational/recreational predictors of high mental well-being do mirror those of low mental well-being and CMDs. These findings have important implications for public mental health strategies.
| S-EPMC7292340 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Concerns have been raised about the loneliness and well-being of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The extent to which the ongoing pandemic has impacted loneliness and the association between loneliness and well-being is unclear. Therefore, a systematic review of empirical studies on the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted to examine the (1) prevalence of loneliness in children and adolescents, (2) associations between loneliness and indicators of well-being, and (3) moderators of these associations. Five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science, ERIC) were searched from 1 January 2020 to 28 June 2022 and 41 studies met our inclusion criteria (cross-sectional: n = 30; longitudinal: n = 11; registered on PROSPERO: CRD42022337252). Cross-sectional prevalence rates of pandemic loneliness varied, with some finding that over half of children and adolescents experienced at least moderate levels of loneliness. Longitudinal results reflected significant mean increases in loneliness compared to pre-pandemic levels. Cross-sectional results indicated that higher levels of loneliness were significantly associated with poorer well-being, including higher depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, gaming addiction, and sleep problems. Longitudinal associations between loneliness and well-being were more complex than cross-sectional associations, varying by assessment timing and factors in the statistical analyses. There was limited diversity in study designs and samples, preventing a thorough examination of moderating characteristics. Findings highlight a broader challenge with child and adolescent well-being that predates the pandemic and the need for future research to examine underrepresented populations across multiple timepoints.
| S-EPMC9955087 | biostudies-literature