Associations of Dietary Patterns and Risk of Hypertension in Southwest China: A Prospective Cohort Study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zhang Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8656527 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Previous research has demonstrated the association between maternal dietary patterns and gestational diabetes (GDM), but evidence in Asian populations remains limited and inconsistent. This study investigated the association between dietary patterns during early pregnancy and the risk of GDM among pregnant women in Western China. METHODS:A prospective cohort study was conducted among 1337 pregnant women in Western China. Dietary intakes were assessed at 15-20 weeks of gestation using a validated food frequency questionnaire. GDM was diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance tests at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to derive dietary patterns, and logistic regression models were used to examine the association between dietary patterns and GDM. RESULTS:A total of 199 women (14.9%) developed GDM. Three dietary patterns were identified, namely, a plant-based pattern, a meat-based pattern and a high protein-low starch pattern. Notwithstanding a lack of association between dietary patterns and GDM risk in the whole cohort, there was a significant reduction in GDM risk among overweight women (BMI ?24 kg/m2); the odds ratio being 0.29 (95% confidence interval 0.09 to 0.94) when comparing the highest versus the lowest score of the high protein-low starch pattern. CONCLUSIONS:There was no significant association between early pregnancy dietary patterns and GDM risk later in pregnancy for women in Western China, but high protein-low starch diet was associated with lower risk for GDM among women who were overweight at pre-pregnancy.
| S-EPMC6245777 | biostudies-other
Project description:Objectives: Studies have linked obesity to an increased risk of hypertension, but the optimal adiposity indicators to predict hypertension remains controversial. We comprehensively explored the correlation between body mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), long-term weight and WC change, and hypertension in an adult population in Southwest China. Methods: We studied 9,280 participants from 48 townships of 12 districts with a follow-up of 10 years in the Guizhou Population Health Cohort Study. We used Pearson's correlation coefficients combined with Dunn and Clark's z test and Zou's confidence interval test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regressions adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, disease history, and lipid information of participants. Results: Baseline central adiposity indicators (WC and WHtR) had closer associations with hypertension than BMI, and long-term WC change was more predictive of hypertension compared with weight change in the studied population. Conclusion: Central adiposity indicators maintain a stronger association with the risk of hypertension, hinting at the importance of WC management in the precaution of hypertension.
| S-EPMC9579282 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Different dietary patterns and the risks of hypertension in various diet exposures among multi-ethnic population in southwest China remain extremely scarce. The aim of this study is to identify dietary patterns and explore the association between dietary patterns and the risk of hypertension among Han and multi-ethnic population in southwest China.A representative sample of 3591 participants of Han, and multi-ethnic population were recruited by stratified cluster sampling in Diqing of Yunnan Province, southwest China from September 2012 to January 2013. Participants who were under 18 years old or who could not clearly answer the questions and those who used the anti-hypertensive medication were excluded from this survey. All participants reported their dietary intakes using validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), and their blood pressures were measured by standardized procedures. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP)???140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP)???90 mmHg. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis with principal component. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between dietary patterns and hypertension.The overall prevalence of hypertension was 30.5% among Han and multi-ethnic population in Diqing, Yunnan Province. Three dietary patterns were identified in this study, defined as 'Grassland healthy', 'Tuber and meat', and 'Fruit and vegetable'. Participants in the 5th quintile of the three dietary patterns were at a lower risk of hypertension compared with those in the 1st quintile. The odds ratio (OR) for the 5th quintile of 'Grassland healthy' pattern, 'Tuber and meat' and 'Fruit and vegetable' was 0.693 (95% CI: 0.537-0.893, p?=?0.005), 0.678 (95% CI: 0.530-0.868, p?=?0.002), 0.759 (95% CI: 0.593-0.970, p?=?0.028), respectively. After further adjustment of participants' age, the negative association between the 'Grassland healthy' pattern and the prevalence of hypertension persisted (OR?=?0.703, 95% CI: 0.535-0.924, p?=?0.012). However, the significant associations between the other two dietary patterns and hypertension disappeared.The 'Grassland healthy' dietary pattern is associated with lower risk of hypertension, whereas there is no significant associations between the other two dietary patterns and hypertension among Han and multi-ethnic population in Diqing of Yunnan province, southwest China.
| S-EPMC6131804 | biostudies-other
Project description:There is a lack of research on preconception diet and reproductive outcomes conducted in the Chinese population using individual assessment. Between April 2017 and April 2020, 2,796 couples undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment were recruited in this ongoing prospective cohort, and 1,500 eligible couples were included in the final analysis. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate the maternal preconception diet. Other lifestyle factors, including smoking status, psycho-mental status, sleep quality, and physical activity, were also assessed. Five dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis, namely "Fruits-Vegetables-Dairy-Eggs," "Fish/Seafood-Animal blood," "Tubers-Beans-Cereals," "Puffed food-Candy-Bakery," and "Dried Fruits-Organs-Rice." After adjusting for multiple confounders, we detected that the women who are more inclined to the "Fruits-Vegetables-Dairy-Eggs" pattern and less adherent to the "Tubers-Beans-Cereals" were more likely to achieve normally fertilized eggs and transferable embryos. Regarding pregnancy outcomes, we observed that a lower "Puffed food-Candy-Bakery" score and a higher "Dried fruits-Organs-Rice" score were related to a higher likelihood to achieve biochemical pregnancy. In terms of pregnancy complications, an inverse association between "Fish/Seafood-Animal blood" and hypertensive disorders was observed. We further clustered the dietary patterns based on the proportion of food groups consumed and found that dairy intake was beneficial to embryo quality, while frequent rice consumption was associated with a higher risk of macrosomia. Notably, in the stratified analysis, we observed that the positive relationship between the "Fruit-Dairy-Vegetables-Eggs" score and normal fertilization and the inverse association of the "Fish/Seafood-Animal blood" score with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy were exhibited only among women with body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. In conclusion, pre-treatment diets might be an important target for intervention to achieve a better reproductive outcome.
| S-EPMC8888455 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The literature on maternal dietary patterns and gestational hypertension (GH) risk is largely ambiguous. We investigated the associations of maternal dietary patterns with GH risk among 1092 pregnant women in a Chinese pre-birth cohort. We used both three-day food diaries (TFD) and food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) to assess the diets of pregnant women. Principal components analysis with varimax rotation was used to identify dietary patterns from the TFD and FFQ, respectively. In total, 14.5% of the participants were diagnosed with GH. Maternal adherence to a "Wheaten food-coarse cereals pattern (TFD)" was associated with a lower risk of GH (quartile 3 [Q3] vs. Q1, odds ratio [OR] = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.31, 0.90). Maternal adherence to a "Sweet food-seafood pattern (TFD)" was associated with lower systolic blood pressure (Q4 vs. Q1, β = -2.57, 95%CI: -4.19, -0.96), and mean arterial pressure (Q4 vs. Q1, β = -1.54, 95%CI: -2.70, -0.38). The protective associations of the "Sweet food-seafood (TFD)" and "Fish-seafood pattern (FFQ)" with the risk of GH were more pronounced among women who were overweight/obese before pregnancy (p for interaction < 0.05 for all). The findings may help to develop interventions and better identify target populations for hypertension prevention during pregnancy.
| S-EPMC9611399 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Women who developed gestational diabetes mellitus represent a high-risk population for hypertension later in life. The role of diet in the progression of hypertension among this susceptible population is unknown. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 3818 women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus in the Nurses' Health Study II as part of the ongoing Diabetes & Women's Health Study. These women were followed-up from 1989 to 2011. Incident hypertension was identified through self-administered questionnaires that were validated previously by medical record review. Adherence scores for the alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010, the alternative Mediterranean diet, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension were computed for each participant. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the associations between dietary scores and hypertension while adjusting for major risk factors for hypertension. We documented 1069 incident hypertension cases during a median of 18.5 years of follow-up. After adjustment for major risk factors for hypertension, including body mass index, alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010, alternative Mediterranean diet, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension scores were significantly inversely associated with the risk of hypertension; hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval comparing the extreme quartiles (highest versus lowest) were 0.76 (0.61-0.94; P for linear trend =0.03) for AHEI score, 0.72 (0.58-0.90; P for trend =0.01) for Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension score, and 0.70 (0.56-0.88; P for trend =0.002) for alternative Mediterranean diet score. Adherence to a healthful dietary pattern was related to a lower subsequent risk of developing hypertension among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus.
| S-EPMC4865422 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundEvidence about the associations between maternal dietary patterns and preterm delivery is scarce in Eastern countries. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and preterm delivery in a Chinese population.MethodsA total of 7352 mothers were included in the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study, a prospective study in China. A validated self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess maternal diet at 24-27 weeks of gestation. Dietary patterns were identified by cluster analysis. Gestational age was obtained from routine medical records. Preterm delivery was defined as delivery before 37 completed weeks of gestation, and was further classified into spontaneous and iatrogenic preterm delivery, and also early/moderate and late preterm delivery. Associations between dietary patterns and preterm delivery outcomes were assessed using logistic regression analyses.ResultsSix dietary patterns were identified, including 'Milk', 'Cereals, eggs, and Cantonese soups', 'Meats', 'Fruits, nuts, and Cantonese desserts', 'Vegetables', and 'Varied'. There were 351 (4.8%) preterm deliveries in this study population. Among those of preterm delivery, 16.2 and 83.8% were early/moderate and late preterm delivery, respectively. Compared with women of 'Vegetables' pattern, those of 'Milk' pattern had greater odds of overall preterm delivery (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11, 2.29, p < 0.05), spontaneous preterm delivery (adjusted OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.14, 2.62, p < 0.05) and late preterm delivery (adjusted OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.08, 2.62, p < 0.05); those of 'Cereals, eggs, and Cantonese soups' and 'Fruits, nuts, and Cantonese desserts' patterns had greater odds of late preterm delivery (adjusted OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.01, 2.35 for 'Cereals, eggs, and Cantonese soups', adjusted OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.04, 2.50 for 'Fruits, nuts, and Cantonese desserts', respectively).ConclusionMaternal diet with frequent consumption of milk and less frequent consumption of vegetables during pregnancy might be associated with increased odds of preterm delivery. Future interventions should investigate whether increasing vegetable intake reduces preterm deliveries.
| S-EPMC6060524 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAn increasing body of evidence suggests that cholesterol intake increases during pregnancy and may influence the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, existing evidence remains controversial and limited. The present study aimed to determine the relation among dietary cholesterol, specifically egg consumption, in pregnant Chinese women and their risk of GDM.MethodsA population-based study that included 1617 pregnant women was conducted in 2017. At baseline, dietary information was collected by 24-hour dietary recalls over three days. GDM was diagnosed by a 75 g 2-hr oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of dietary cholesterol and egg intake with GDM. In addition, path analysis including cholesterol intake, plasma lipid profiles and GDM risk was conducted.ResultsThe average total cholesterol intake was 340.8 mg/d, and cholesterol from eggs accounted for 59.2%. The odds ratio (OR) of GDM risk was 1.48 for the highest quartile of total cholesterol intake compared to the lowest quartile (95% CI 1.10-2.00; P trend = 0.015) after adjustment for potential risk factors for GDM. Moreover, cholesterol from eggs rather than from other foods was positively associated with incident GDM (OR=1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.17). Each additional egg consumed per day was positively correlated with a higher risk of GDM (OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.11-1.58). Path analysis indicated that cholesterol intake not only increased the risk of GDM by elevating plasma total cholesterol (TC), but also increased the risk of GDM through other non hyperlipidemia pathways.ConclusionsMaternal dietary cholesterol intake was significantly associated with incident GDM, and egg consumption was a major driver of the association in this population. More studies are needed to substantiate these findings and to explore the underlying mechanisms.
| S-EPMC8764826 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Studies on long-term exposure to foods/nutrients and its associations with fracture risk are scarce. Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), we determined the prospective association of dietary and nutrient patterns with fractures. Data from 15,572 adults aged ?18 years were analyzed. Fracture occurrence was self-reported and dietary intake data were collected using a 24-h recall method for three consecutive days, for each individual across nine waves (1989-2011). We used cumulative and overall mean, recent and baseline dietary and nutrient exposures. Hazard ratios (HR) were used to determine the associations. Two dietary (traditional and modern) and two nutrient (plant- and animal-sourced) patterns were identified. After adjusting for potential confounders, study participants in the third tertiles (highest intake) of the modern dietary and animal-sourced nutrient patterns' cumulative scores had a 34% (HR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.06-1.71) and 37% (HR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.08-1.72) increase in fracture risks compared to those in the first tertiles, respectively. While the overall mean factor scores of dietary and nutrient patterns had a similar (or stronger) pattern of association as the cumulative scores, no association between recent and baseline scores and fracture was found. Greater adherence to a modern dietary and/or an animal-sourced nutrient pattern is associated with a higher risk of total fractures. This suggests that a modern animal based diet is related to bone fragility. A repeated three-day 24-h recall dietary assessment provides a stronger association with fracture compared to a recent or baseline exposure.
| S-EPMC5707670 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and rhinitis in primary school children. 1,599 students without rhinitis at baseline survey were selected from a primary school children cohort. Information on food consumption, respiratory symptoms, and confounders was collected using questionnaires. Dietary patterns were defined using principal component analysis. Logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The incidence of rhinitis during 12 months follow-up was 21.2%. Three patterns were extracted and labeled as pattern I, II and III. Dietary pattern II which had higher factor loadings of legumes, butter, nuts and potatoes was associated with an increased risk of rhinitis (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.01-1.87) when the highest tertile of pattern score was compared to the lowest tertile, after adjusted for confounders. Besides, every 1-unit increase of score of pattern II was also associated with an increased risk of rhinitis (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05-1.35). Neither pattern I nor Pattern III was observed to be associated with risk of rhinitis. A diet with higher levels of consumption of legumes, butter, nuts and potatoes may increase the risk of allergic rhinitis in primary school children.
| S-EPMC5353568 | biostudies-literature