Transferring Knowledge on Motor Development to Socially Vulnerable Parents of Infants: The Practice of Health Visitors.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Pedersen MRL
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8657119 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC11240275 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCoronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is currently a global health threat and public health emergency of international concern. Africa is the last continent to be hit by this pandemic and the population is still prone to misconceptions and may not take it seriously. In developing countries including Ethiopia, where trained human resources and equipment for the treatment of COVID-19 are scarce, working on prevention of the viral spread should be a priority as a feasible intervention strategy. The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) towards COVID-19 and its prevalence among hospital visitors.MethodsHealth institution based cross sectional study was conducted among 513 hospital visitors who are recruited by using simple random sampling technique at Ataye district hospital, Northeast Ethiopia from June 3, 2020 to August 10, 2020. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to obtain information related to socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge (11 questions), attitude (9 questions) and practice (9 questions). Oro-pharyngeal specimen was collected by trained healthcare provider and processed in a molecular laboratory. After extraction of viral nucleic acid, the Real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kit was used for detecting novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Data was analyzed using bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression model with 95% CI (confidence interval). From the bi-variable analysis, variables having a P-value <0.25 were retained into multivariable analysis. From the multivariable analysis, variables with a P-value <0.05 was declared as associated factors.ResultsMajority (72.9%) of the study participants were male; and most were urban dwellers. From the total study participants, 17 (3.3%) were found to be infected with the virus. The magnitude of low-level of knowledge was 4.9%; and of the analyzed risk factors, female gender, age (category less than 16 years and category between 16 and 65 years), and usual alcohol drinking habit had statistically significant association with low level knowledge. The proportion of study participants who had low level of practice was 75/513 (14.62%). Family size, age category between 16 and 65 years, and low-level knowledge were associated with low-level practice.ConclusionLimited number of study participants had high-level knowledge and practice towards COVID-19; while majority of the study candidates demonstrated moderate level of knowledge and practice. Good knowledge, positive attitude and good practice can be a guarantee for the prevention and control of COVID-19. Hence, various measurements to combat the pandemic should be taken by different stakeholders including the community members, religious leader, health professionals and others.
| S-EPMC7895377 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A fundamental question about the development of communication behavior in early life is how infants acquire adaptive communication behavior that is well-suited to their individual social environment, and how the experience of parent-child communication affects this development. The current study investigated how infants develop communication skills when their parents are visually impaired and cannot see their infants' eye gaze. We analyzed 6-min video recordings of naturalistic interaction between 14 sighted infants of blind parents (SIBP) with (a) their blind parent, and (b) a sighted experimenter. Data coded from these interactions were compared with those from 28 age-matched sighted infants of sighted parents (controls). Each infant completed two visits, at 6-10 months and 12-16 months of age. Within each interaction sample, we coded the function (initiation or response) and form (face gaze, vocalization, or action) of each infant communication behavior. When interacting with their parents, SIBP made relatively more communicative responses than initiations, and used more face gaze and fewer actions to communicate, than did controls. When interacting with a sighted experimenter, by contrast, SIBP made slightly (but significantly) more communicative initiations than controls, but otherwise used similar forms of communication. The differential communication behavior by infants of blind versus sighted parents was already apparent by 6-10 months of age, and was specific to communication with the parent. These results highlight the flexibility in the early development of human communication behavior, which enables infants to optimize their communicative bids and methods to their unique social environment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
| S-EPMC6254470 | biostudies-literature
Project description:GoalThe objective of this retrospective, observational study was to assess the mediating effect of medical complexity on the relationship between social vulnerability and four acute care resource use outcomes-number of hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, observation stays, and total visits. Such information may help healthcare managers better anticipate the effects of interventions targeted to the socially vulnerable in their patient population.MethodsElectronic health records of 147,496 adults served by 27 primary care practices in one large health system from 2015 to 2017 were used. Descriptive statistics were applied to characterize patients and the primary care practices included in the study. Causal mediation analyses using a modified Baron and Kenny approach were performed.Principal findingsCausal mediation analyses demonstrated that increased social vulnerability was associated with increased medical complexity (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.57) and increased numbers of hospitalizations (IRR = 1.63), ED visits (IRR = 2.14), observation stays (IRR = 1.94), and total visits (IRR = 2.04). Effects remained significant, though attenuated, after adjusting for medical complexity (mediator), demographics, and medications (hospitalizations IRR = 1.44, ED visits IRR = 2.02, observation stays IRR = 1.74, total visits IRR = 1.86). Social vulnerability, given medical complexity, explained between 8% (ED visits) and 26% (hospitalizations) of the variation in outcomes.Practical applicationsThese findings reinforce the need to modify interventions for medically complex adults to address their social needs and, consequently, reduce costly health services. Health systems seeking to reduce costly care can use these results to estimate savings in the treatment of patients with high social vulnerability-before they get chronic conditions and later as they seek care.
| S-EPMC9798383 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTransition from pediatric to adult care for adolescents with chronic illness is associated with outpatient non-attendance and low treatment adherence in adolescents, and with anxiety and concerns among parents. Recent studies have shown that parent involvement results in better transitions. The aim of this paper was to describe the development, through participatory design, of a comprehensive transfer program targeted to parents of adolescents with chronic illness.MethodsThe study was based on the UK Medical Research Council's (MRC) framework on developing and testing complex interventions. To increase the program's feasibility and relevance, participatory design was chosen as the overall method. A collaboration group of parents, young people and health care professionals (HCP) were actively involved in the development of the program. The program was developed in three development stages, in accordance with the MRC framework: 1) identifying the evidence base, 2) identifying theory, and 3) modelling process and outcomes.ResultsTogether with the collaboration group, we developed a comprehensive transfer program targeting parents, by undertaking an iterative process, involving a literature review, individual interviews, workshops and online brainstorms. The program, called ParTNerSTEPs (Parents in Transition - a Nurse-led Support and Transfer Educational Program) comprised three components: 1) an informative website, 2) online educational events for parents, and 3) transfer consultations with providers from both pediatrics and adult care.ConclusionsThe MRC framework was successfully applied to develop a comprehensive transfer program targeting parents of adolescents with chronic ilness. By incorporating the principles of participatory design in the development phase, we ensured that both parents' and adolescents' needs were represented and addressed in the program.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04969328.
| S-EPMC9002046 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Relations between task elements often follow hidden underlying structural forms such as periodicities or hierarchies, whose inferences fosters performance. However, transferring structural knowledge to novel environments requires flexible representations that are generalizable over particularities of the current environment, such as its stimuli and size. We suggest that humans represent structural forms as abstract basis sets and that in novel tasks, the structural form is inferred and the relevant basis set is transferred. Using a computational model, we show that such representation allows inference of the underlying structural form, important task states, effective behavioural policies and the existence of unobserved state-trajectories. In two experiments, participants learned three abstract graphs during two successive days. We tested how structural knowledge acquired on Day-1 affected Day-2 performance. In line with our model, participants who had a correct structural prior were able to infer the existence of unobserved state-trajectories and appropriate behavioural policies.
| S-EPMC7508979 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The question of whether children should be vaccinated against COVID-19 is currently being argued. The risk-benefit analysis of the vaccine in children has been more challenging because of the low prevalence of acute COVID-19 in children and the lack of confidence in the relative effects of the vaccine and the disease. One of the most convincing arguments for vaccinating healthy children is to protect them from long-term consequences. The aim of this study was to assess Jordanian parents' intention to vaccinate their children. This is an Internet-based cross-sectional survey. The researchers prepared a Google Forms survey and shared the link with a number of Jordanian Facebook generic groups. Data were gathered between September and November 2021. In this study, convenience sampling was used. Knowledge about COVID-19 and preventive practices against COVID-19 were calculated for each participant. A total of 819 participants completed the survey (female = 70.9%). Of these, 274 (30.2%) participants intended to vaccinate their children, whereas the rest were either unsure 176 (21.5%) or intended not to vaccinate their children 396 (48.4%). The variables that increased the odds of answering "No" vs "Yes" to "will you vaccinate your children against COVID-19" included not willing to take the vaccines themselves (OR 3.75; CI, 1.46-9.62) and low protective practice group (OR 1.73;CI, 1.12-2.68). Participants had significant levels of refusal/hesitancy. Several barriers to vaccination were identified; attempts to overcome these should be stepped up.
| S-EPMC9225601 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The availability of practical tools to assess dietary knowledge and adherence is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of dietary interventions. The aims of this paper were to develop reliable dietary knowledge and adherence questionnaires, suitable for Lebanese adolescents and their parents, and to estimate the feasibility of conducting studies involving such participants in the school-based setting. Eight Lebanese high schools participated in this study (involving 220 adolescents aged 15-18 years). Self-administered dietary knowledge and adherence questionnaires (the Dietary Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ) and the Dietary Adherence Questionnaire (DAQ), respectively) were completed by the high school students and their parents. A 24 h recall was additionally administered for the adolescents by a dietitian and a trained interviewer at school, in order to validate the adolescents' answers in the DAQ. The cognitive interview method was used to qualitatively evaluate the questionnaires. The resulting Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.61 to 0.78 for the adolescent questionnaires and from 0.46 to 0.89 for the parental ones. In addition, 23 items (out of 25) of the adolescent DAQ matched with the administered 24 h recall. A significant negative correlation was found between the knowledge score (DKQ) and the unhealthy items of the adolescent DAQ. There was a significant positive correlation between the DKQ of the parents and the knowledge score of their children. This is the first study of dietary questionnaires involving Lebanese high school students from different regions, while also including their parents.
| S-EPMC6982025 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We consider the problem of building a model to predict protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between the bacterial species Salmonella Typhimurium and the plant host Arabidopsis thaliana which is a host-pathogen pair for which no known PPIs are available. To achieve this, we present approaches, which use homology and statistical learning methods called "transfer learning." In the transfer learning setting, the task of predicting PPIs between Arabidopsis and its pathogen S. Typhimurium is called the "target task." The presented approaches utilize labeled data i.e., known PPIs of other host-pathogen pairs (we call these PPIs the "source tasks"). The homology based approaches use heuristics based on biological intuition to predict PPIs. The transfer learning methods use the similarity of the PPIs from the source tasks to the target task to build a model. For a quantitative evaluation we consider Salmonella-mouse PPI prediction and some other host-pathogen tasks where known PPIs exist. We use metrics such as precision and recall and our results show that our methods perform well on the target task in various transfer settings. We present a brief qualitative analysis of the Arabidopsis-Salmonella predicted interactions. We filter the predictions from all approaches using Gene Ontology term enrichment and only those interactions involving Salmonella effectors. Thereby we observe that Arabidopsis proteins involved e.g., in transcriptional regulation, hormone mediated signaling and defense response may be affected by Salmonella.
| S-EPMC4313693 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Predicting structural and energetic properties of a molecular system is one of the fundamental tasks in molecular simulations, and it has applications in chemistry, biology, and medicine. In the past decade, the advent of machine learning algorithms had an impact on molecular simulations for various tasks, including property prediction of atomistic systems. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for transferring knowledge obtained from simple molecular systems to a more complex one, endowed with a significantly larger number of atoms and degrees of freedom. In particular, we focus on the classification of high and low free-energy conformations. Our approach relies on utilizing (i) a novel hypergraph representation of molecules, encoding all relevant information for characterizing multi-atom interactions for a given conformation, and (ii) novel message passing and pooling layers for processing and making free-energy predictions on such hypergraph-structured data. Despite the complexity of the problem, our results show a remarkable Area Under the Curve of 0.92 for transfer learning from tri-alanine to the deca-alanine system. Moreover, we show that the same transfer learning approach can also be used in an unsupervised way to group chemically related secondary structures of deca-alanine in clusters having similar free-energy values. Our study represents a proof of concept that reliable transfer learning models for molecular systems can be designed, paving the way to unexplored routes in prediction of structural and energetic properties of biologically relevant systems.
| S-EPMC9839695 | biostudies-literature