In Vitro Antioxidant, Antitumor and Photocatalytic Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Equisetum Species: A Green Approach.
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SUBMITTER: Batir-Marin D
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8658848 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Green biosynthesized nanoparticles have a bright future because they can be produced using a method that is more energy-efficient, cost-effective, repeatable, and environmentally friendly than physical or chemical synthesis. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced using the Fusarium nygamai isolate AJTYC1. Several techniques were used to characterize the synthesized AgNPs, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, zeta potential analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, energy dispersive X-ray, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. AgNPs showed a distinctive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak in the UV-visible range at 310 nm. The morphology of the biosynthesized AgNPs was spherical, and the TEM image shows that they ranged in size from 27.3 to 53.1 nm. The notable peaks of the FT-IR results show the different groups for the alkane, alkynes, cyclic alkenes, carboxylic, aromatic amine, esters, and phenolics. Additionally, the results showed that AgNPs had superior antioxidant activity when compared to ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene, which is a powerful antioxidant. Additionally, AgNPs have antibacterial action utilizing agar diffusion against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and antifungal activity. AgNPs' anticancer activity varied depending on the type of cancer it was used to treat, including hepatocellular cancer (HepG2), colorectal carcinoma (HCT116), and breast cancer of the mammary gland (MCF7). The viability of the cancer cell lines was reduced with increasing AgNP concentration. AgNPs also demonstrated promising photocatalytic activity by reducing methylene blue, safranin, crystal violet, and green malachite by 88.3%, 81.5%, 76.4%, and 78.2%, respectively. In addition, AgNPs significantly affected the Allium cepa plant's mitotic index and resulted in chromosomal abnormalities as compared to the control. Thus, the synthesized AgNPs demonstrated an efficient, eco-friendly, and sustainable method for decolorizing dyes as well as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. This could be a huge victory in the fight against numerous dynamic diseases and lessen wastewater dye contamination.
| S-EPMC10541848 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The suboptimal efficacies of existing anti-malarial drugs attributed to the emergence of drug resistance dampen the clinical outcomes. Hence, there is a need for developing novel drug and drug targets. Recently silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) constructed with the leaf extracts of Euphorbia cotinifolia were shown to possess antimalarial activity. Therefore, the synthesized AgNPs from Euphorbia cotinifolia (EcAgNPs) were tested for their parasite clearance activity. We determined the antimalarial activity in the asexual blood stage infection of 3D7 (laboratory strain) P. falciparum. EcAgNPs demonstrated the significant inhibition of parasite growth (EC50 of 0.75 µg/ml) in the routine in vitro culture of P. falciparum. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were seen to induce apoptosis in P. falciparum through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) ROS production and activated programmed cell death pathways characterized by the caspase-3 and calpain activity. Also, altered transcriptional regulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio indicated the enhanced apoptosis. Moreover, inhibited expression of PfLPL-1 by EcAgNPs is suggestive of the dysregulated host fatty acid flux via parasite lipid storage. Overall, our findings suggest that EcAgNPs are a non-toxic and targeted antimalarial treatment, and could be a promising therapeutic approach for clearing malaria infection.
| S-EPMC11365884 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The increasing number of multi-drug-resistant bacteria and cancer cases, that are a real threat to humankind, forces research world to develop new weapons to deal with it. Biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered as a solution to this problem. Biosynthesis of AgNPs is regarded as a green, eco-friendly, low-priced process that provides small and biocompatible nanostructures with antimicrobial and anticancer activities and potential application in medicine. The biocompatibility of these nanoparticles is related to the coating with biomolecules of natural origin. The synthesis of AgNPs from actinobacterial strain was confirmed using UV-Vis spectroscopy while their morphology, crystalline structure, stability, and coating were characterized using, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Antibacterial activity of biogenic AgNPs was evaluated by determination of minimum inhibitory and minimum biocidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The potential mechanism of antibacterial action of AgNPs was determined by measurement of ATP level. Since the use of AgNPs in biomedical applications depend on their safety, the in vitro cytotoxicity of biosynthesized AgNPs on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line and murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, cell lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were assessed. The nanoparticle protein capping agent that can be involved in reduction of silver ions to AgNPs and their stabilization was identified using LC-MS/MS. Nanoparticles were spherical in shape, small in size (mean 13.2 nm), showed crystalline nature, good stability (-18.7 mV) and presence of capping agents. They exhibited antibacterial activity (MIC of 8-128 μg ml-1, MBC of 64-256 μg ml-1) and significantly decreased ATP levels in bacterial cells after treatment with different concentrations of AgNPs. The in vitro analysis showed that the AgNPs demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 macrophages and MCF-7 breast cancer cells but higher against the latter than the former. Cell viability decrease was found to be 42.2-14.2 and 38.0-15.5% while LDH leakage 14.6-42.7% and 19.0-45.0%, respectively. IC50 values calculated for MTT assay was found to be 16.3 and 12.0 μg ml-1 and for LDH assay 102.3 and 76.2 μg ml-1, respectively. Moreover, MCF-7 cells released a greater amount of ROS than RAW 264.7 macrophages during stimulation with all tested concentrations of AgNPs (1.47-3.13 and 1.02-2.58 fold increase, respectively). The SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) analysis revealed the presence of five protein bands at a molecular weight between 31.7 and 280.9 kDa. These proteins showed the highest homology to hypothetical proteins and porins from E. coli, Delftia sp. and Pseudomonas rhodesiae. Based on obtained results it can be concluded that biogenic AgNPs were capped with proteins and demonstrated potential as antimicrobial and anticancer agent.
| S-EPMC8100210 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hesperetin is a class of natural products with a wide range of sources and remarkable biological activities. In this study, we described the synthesis of a series of novel hesperetin derivatives and evaluated the in vitro antioxidant and antitumor activity of these compounds. Eleven novel compounds were synthesized in moderate yields. The compounds synthesized in this work exhibited antioxidant activities against DPPH and ABTS free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Among them, compound 3f had the best antioxidant activity, with IC50 of 1.2 μM and 24 μM for DPPH and ABTS, respectively. The antitumor activity of the compounds against human cancer cell lines, such as breast MCF-7, liver HepG2, and cervical Hela, was determined by a standard 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Three compounds had moderate IC50 values. Interestingly, compound 3f had better biological activity than hesperetin, which matches the prediction by Maestro from Schrödinger. Therefore, the new hesperidin derivative is a promising drug for the treatment of cancer due to its effective antitumor activity. The results also suggested that the antitumor activities of hesperetin derivatives may be related to their antioxidant activities.
| S-EPMC8839103 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This contribution focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with a size < 100 nm for potential medical applications by using silver nitrate solution and Hypericum Perforatum L. (St John's wort) aqueous extracts. Various synthesis methods were used and compared with regard to their yield and quality of obtained AgNPs. Monodisperse spherical nanoparticles were generated with a size of approximately 20 to 50 nm as elucidated by different techniques (SEM, TEM). XRD measurements showed that metallic silver was formed and the particles possess a face-centered cubic structure (fcc). SEM images and FTIR spectra revealed that the AgNPs are covered by a protective surface layer composed of organic components originating from the plant extract. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential were also measured for biologically synthesized AgNPs. A potential mechanism of reducing silver ions to silver metal and protecting it in the nanoscale form has been proposed based on the obtained results. Moreover, the AgNPs prepared in the present study have been shown to exhibit a high antioxidant activity for 2, 2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation, and super oxide anion radical and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. Synthesized AgNPs showed high cytotoxicity by inhibiting cell viability for Hela, Hep G2, and A549 cells.
| S-EPMC7918618 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The development of new nanomaterials is gaining increasing attention due to their extensive applications in fields ranging from medicine to food and cultural heritage. Green nanoparticles provide advantages compared to conventional nanoparticles as their synthesis is environmentally-friendly and does not require the use of high temperatures, pressure, or toxic chemicals. In this paper, green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized according to a new method using quercetin as a reducing agent at room temperature. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques and successively tested for biocide activity by studying their effects in the inhibition of bacterial growth. The results demonstrated that the smaller the AgNPs size, the greater their biocide activity. In particular, AgNPs with a diameter of 8 nm showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1.0 ?g/mL against Streptococcus sp., Escherichia coli and Candida sp. microorganisms, while AgNPs with a larger diameter of about 20 nm were able to inhibit microbial of all selected pathogens at a higher MIC value of 2.5 ?g/mL.
| S-EPMC7279244 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionLeishmaniasis is a major public health problem that causes by parasite of the genus Leishmania. The pentavalent antimonial compounds that used for treatment are not safe or effective enough. The aim of the present study was preparation and evaluation of the efficacy of green synthesized silver nanoparticles against Leishmania major (L. major) in vitro.MethodsTo synthesis silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs), ginger extract was added to the 0.2mM AgNO3 aqueous solution (1:20). Effects of different concentrations of Ag-NPs on the number of L. major promastigotes were investigated using counting assay. The MTT test was applied to determine the toxicity of Ag-NPs on promastigotes of L. major, as well as, macrophage cells. Then, to evaluate the anti-amastigotes effects of Ag-NPs, parasites within the macrophages were counted by light microscope. Furthermore, to determine the induced apoptosis and necrotic effects of Ag-NPs on promastigotes, flow cytometry method was employed using annexin staining.ResultsThe effect of Ag-NPs on promastigotes and amastigotes of L. major was effective and has a reverse relationship with its concentration. According to the results of anti-amastigote assay, the IC50 value of this nanoparticle was estimated 2.35 ppm after 72h. Also, Ag-NPs caused Programmed Cell Death (PCD) in promastigotes of L. major and showed 60.18% of apoptosis.DiscussionBased on the mentioned results, it can be concluded that Ag NPs has a beneficial effect on promastigote and amastigote forms of L. major in vitro. Hence, these nanoparticles could be applied as promising antileishmanial agents for treatment of Leishmania infections.
| S-EPMC8372886 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this work, sensing and photocatalytic activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are investigated. Ag NPs have been synthesized by the reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) using different leaf extracts. An optimum surface plasmon resonance (SPR) behavior is obtained for neem leaf extracts because of the presence of a high concentration of diterpenoids, as evidenced from gas chromatography mass spectroscopy results. The underlying mechanism for the formation of Ag NPs is highlighted. The Ag NPs are in spherical shape and exhibit the hexagonal crystal phase and also show a good stability. The biosensing property of the Ag NPs is evaluated using mancozeb (MCZ) agro-fungicide, and the SPR peak position exhibited a linear response with MCZ concentration. The sensitivity is found to be 39.1 nm/mM. Further, the photocatalytic activity of Ag NPs is tested using 0.5 mM MCZ solution as a model under UV-visible illumination. It is observed that photocatalytic activity is caused by the formation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, the green synthesized Ag NPs are potential candidates for biosensing and photocatalytic applications.
| S-EPMC7288583 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The prospective application of probiotics is an adjuvant for the advancement of novel antimicrobial and wound-healing agents. Currently, probiotic bacteria are utilized for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles in the development of innovative therapeutics. The present study aimed at using nanoparticle-conjugated probiotic bacteria for enhanced antibacterial and wound-healing activity. In the present investigation, the probiotic bacteria were isolated from a dairy source (milk from domestic herbivores). They screened for antibacterial activity against infection-causing Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) pathogens. Further, the probiotic strain with higher bactericidal activity was used to synthesize silver, selenium, and copper nanoparticles. The isolated strain was found to be Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and it only has the ability to synthesize silver nanoparticles. This was verified using Ultra violet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, where the test solution turned brown and the greatest UV-Vis absorptions peaked at 425 nm. Optimization studies on the synthesis of AgNPs (silver nanoparticles) are presented and the results show that stable synthesis was obtained by using a concentration of 1mM silver nitrate (AgNO3) at a temperature of 37 °C with pH 8. The FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) study confirmed the involvement of functional groups from the cell biomass that were involved in the reduction process. Additionally, biosynthesized AgNPs showed increased antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The nano silver had a size distribution of 14 nm and was recorded with HR-TEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy) examination. The EDX (energy dispersive X-ray) analysis revealed 57% of silver groups found in the nanoparticle production. The biosynthesized AgNPs show significant wound-healing capabilities with 96% of wound closure (fibroblast cells) being observed through an in vitro scratch-wound assay. The cytotoxic experiments demonstrated that the biosynthesized AgNPs are not extremely hazardous to the fibroblast cells. The present study provides a new platform for the green synthesis of AgNPs using probiotic bacteria, showing significant antibacterial and wound-healing potentials against infectious pathogens.
| S-EPMC9854575 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nanoparticles effectively control most plant pathogens, although research has focused more on their antimicrobial than their nematocidal properties. This study synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) through a green biosynthesis method using an aqueous extract of Ficus sycomorus leaves (FS-Ag-NPs). The nanoparticles were characterized using SEM, TEM, EDX, zeta sizer, and FTIR. The TEM results showed that the synthesized NPs were nanoscale and had an average particle size of 33 ± 1 nm. The elemental silver signal at 3 keV confirmed the formation of Ag-NPs from an aqueous leaf extract of F. sycomorus. The FTIR analysis revealed the existence of several functional groups in the prepared Ag-NPs. The strong-broad band detected at 3430 cm-1 indicated the stretching vibration of -OH (hydroxyl) and -NH2 (amine) groups. The nematocidal activity of biosynthesized FS-Ag-NPs has been evaluated in vitro against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita at 24, 48, and 72 h. The FS-Ag-NPs at a 200 µg/mL concentration applied for 48 h showed the highest effectiveness, with 57.62% nematode mortality. Moreover, the biosynthesized FS-Ag-NPs were also tested for their antibacterial activity against Pectobacterium carotovorum, P. atrosepticum, and Ralstonia solanacearum. With the application of nanoparticles, the reduction in bacterial growth gradually increased. The most potent activity at all concentrations was found in R. solanacearum, with values of 14.00 ± 2.16, 17.33 ± 2.05, 19.00 ± 1.41, 24.00 ± 1.41, and 26.00 ± 2.83 at concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 µg/mL, respectively, when compared with the positive control (Amoxicillin 25 µg) with a value of 16.33 ± 0.94. At the same time, the nanoparticles showed the lowest reduction values against P. atrosepticum when compared to the control. This study is the first report on the nematocidal activity of Ag-NPs using F. sycomorus aqueous extract, which could be a recommended treatment for managing plant-parasitic nematodes due to its simplicity, stability, cost-effectiveness, and environmentally safe nature.
| S-EPMC10224088 | biostudies-literature