Knowledge, Attitude, and Prescription Practice on Antimicrobials Use Among Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern China.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Xu R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8661115 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Generic medicines are similar to innovator medicine in terms of safety, quality, efficacy, dosage form, strength, and route of administration. They have the same therapeutic use to innovator medicines and available at a far lower price. However, health professionals' poor knowledge and attitude may limit its utilization. The present study aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacy professionals towards generic medicines in Harar city, Eastern Ethiopia. METHODS:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among community pharmacists in Harar city. A self-administered thirty-three item questionnaire on Knowledge, attitude, and practice of community pharmacists was utilized. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the determinants of knowledge and attitude of pharmacists. An odds ratio at 95% confidence interval along with a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS:Among 80 community pharmacists' approached, 74 completed the survey, providing a response rate of 92.5%. Sixty-seven percent of the respondents knew that generic drugs are bioequivalent to brand drugs and claimed generic medicines are cheaper (86.5%). Nearly half (48.6%) of participants believe that generic medicines are less effective and slower in the onset of action (58.1%). More than half (54.1%) of study participants revealed their lack of belief in generic medicine as a factor hindering the selection and dispensing of generic medicines. In multivariate logistic regression, experience in community pharmacy practice (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR = 2.18, 95%CI: 1.21-63.1) and Sex (AOR = 3.88, 95%CI: 2.12-39.62) were significantly associated with knowledge and attitude toward generic medicines, respectively. CONCLUSION:The current study revealed that there is a gap in the knowledge and attitude of community pharmacists towards generic and brand drugs. More than averages of the respondents have known the concept of generic medicine including their right to perform generic substitution and had a positive attitude toward generics. Female pharmacists were more likely to have a positive attitude and the overall knowledge was higher in those who have more than 5 years of work experience.
| S-EPMC7357759 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To analyze the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice about COVID-19 among Chinese residents, noninterventional and anonymous survey was carried out with an online questionnaire. Among the survey respondents (n = 619), 59.9% were female, 61.1% were from 18 to 30 years of age, and 42.3% held an undergraduate's degree. The mean scores for each scale were as follows: perceived knowledge (36.3 ± 6.1), attitude (29.4 ± 4.7), practice (44.1 ± 4.8), total score (109.7 ± 13.2), barrier (0.2 ± 0.7), and cognition and behavior change score (8.5 ± 1.4). Perceived knowledge, attitude, practice, total score, and cognition and behavior changes were significantly and positively correlated, whereas barrier was negatively correlated with those scales (P < 0.001). Linear regressions revealed that those respondents who were medical professionals, civil servants, employees of state-owned enterprises and public institutions, and had relatively higher level of education were associated with a higher perceived knowledge score, attitude score, practice score, and total score. Higher mean cognition and behavior change score was associated with company employees (8.8 ± 1.3). More than half of the respondents (51.4%) were optimistic about the government's interventional measures. The respondents in China had good knowledge, positive attitude, and active practice toward COVID-19, yet, it is advisable to strengthen nationwide publicity and focus on the target undereducated population by means of We-Chat, microblog, website, and community workers for better control effect.
| S-EPMC8045651 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Inappropriate use of antibiotics has been reported to contribute to the emergence and increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the world. The pharmacist has the responsibility to supervise the dispensing of antibiotics with prescriptions to ensure rational use. An online semi-structured questionnaire was shared with approximately 1100 licensed pharmacists in Tanzania. Study data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools before use for analysis. Of the 226 (20.5%) received responses, 197 had given consent and provided complete surveys. Notably, 153 (77.7%) of the 197 pharmacists had excellent knowledge about the legal requirements for dispensing antibiotics and the AMR challenge. Of the 197 surveyed pharmacists, 143 (72.6%) admitted to dispensing antibiotics without a prescription in their daily practice. Notably, 84.1% (37/44) of pharmacists with masters or PhD education were more likely to dispense without a prescription compared to 69.3% (106/153) among bachelor holders (p-value = 0.04). The reasons for administering antibiotics without a prescription included the pharmacy business looking for more profit, patient failure to obtain a prescription and the lack of stringent inspection of pharmacies by the regulatory authorities. Penicillins, macrolides and fluoroquinolones were the classes of antibiotics most commonly dispensed without a prescription. Stringent inspections by the regulatory authorities should detect and reduce dispensing antibiotics without a prescription. The community should be educated on the importance of medication prescription from a qualified medical practitioner.
| S-EPMC7768476 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) concerning healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) among healthcare givers and to identify the factors influencing KAP.DesignThis was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study.SettingTwo public hospitals in Wuhan, central China.ParticipantsParticipants were recruited among healthcare workers (HCWs) of one general hospital and one children's hospital in Wuhan city between 1 June and 30 September 2019.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcomes were KAPs concerning HAIs.ResultsData from 455 HCWs were included in the final data analysis. The mean scores of KAP and total KAP were 15.67±3.32, 25.00±2.75, 43.44±5.15 and 84.76±6.72, respectively. The following factors were significantly associated with the total KAP score concerning HAIs, explaining 61% of the variance (p<0.001): gender (β=2.36, 95% CI 1.11 to 4.40), age (β=6.65, 95% CI 5.07 to 7.74), position (β=7.02, 95% CI 3.88 to 8.45), type of employment (β=-1.08, 95% CI -2.08 to -0.07), with HAI education within last year (β=-2.98, 95% CI -4.23 to -1.72), with invasive operation authority (β=-4.22, 95% CI -5.46 to -2.99), antibacterial drug training (β=-4.38, 95% CI -5.45 to -3.31) and with antibacterial drug training and clinical consultation (β=-4.35, 95% CI -5.38 to -3.32).ConclusionThe controllable factors identified in this study can be used by hospital managers to implement measures that improve KAP among HCWs. Moreover, these measures should be customised, based on uncontrollable factors to suit the specific characteristics of medical staff and to improve KAP. Training programmes should be designed for medical workers to increase their awareness of HAIs and to foster positive attitudes and practices.
| S-EPMC7786794 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveEpisiotomy is still performed widely by obstetricians and midwives in some Chinese maternity units, but the reasons are unknown. This study aims to determine the knowledge, attitude and experience towards the practice of episiotomy among obstetricians and midwives in China's public hospitals and consider strategies to reduce its practice.MethodsA cross-sectional web survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted among obstetricians and midwives in 90 public hospitals in Henan Province, China.Results900 (82.21%) participants completed the questionnaire. Average knowledge level (4.15, SD=1.10) on complications and overuse was identified among participants. Episiotomy was performed more frequently in secondary hospitals than in tertiary hospitals (p<0.05). Senior clinicians were more likely to perform episiotomy than younger ones (p<0.05). Almost half of the clinicians (42.11%) considered the current rate of episiotomy (45%) to be right or too low. The most common reason for performing episiotomy identified by obstetricians (83.94%) and midwives (79.69%) was to reduce third-degree or fourth-degree perineal laceration. Both obstetricians (80.29%) and midwives (82.57%) agreed that the most significant obstacle to reducing the rate of episiotomy was lack of training on reducing perineal tears.ConclusionIn sum, episiotomy was driven by previous training, practitioners' experience and local norms rather than the latest medical evidence. Clinicians in secondary hospitals and senior clinicians are key training targets. It is urgent to improve current clinical policies and surgical procedure guidelines for obstetricians and midwives regarding episiotomy.
| S-EPMC8047989 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesResearch has shown that physicians are encountering an increase in vaccine-hesitant parents (VHPs) numbers. This study examined physicians' vaccination knowledge, vaccine-related discussions with VHPs, beliefs about and responses to vaccine hesitancy, and challenges faced while discussing immunization with VHPs.MethodsThis cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in September 2020. The data were collected through a questionnaire distributed via email. The sample comprised 90 physicians who routinely treat children and reported they frequently have appropriate vaccine discussions when encountering VHPs.ResultsNinety participants (59% were females) completed the questionnaire. Of these, 37.8% were from family medicine, 7.8% from primary care, and 54.4% from paediatrics. The most discussed topics were vaccine necessity, reasons for vaccine refusal, and vaccine safety. Seventeen participants (18.8%) reported being extremely confident, and (42.2%) were confident in their vaccine-specific knowledge. Regarding confidence in communication skills, 22.2% reported being extremely confident and (45.6%) were confident. Determinants of higher confidence in the knowledge and communication skills were physician age (p = 0.001 and p = 0.0001, respectively), years of practice (p = 0.002 and (p = 0.005), and patients seen per workday (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.024). Other factors such as physician sex (p = 0.062), the field of practice (p = 0.329), and hours of work per week (p = 0.061) were not significantly different. Forty-six (51%) physicians sometimes find it challenging to conduct appropriate vaccine-related discussions because of having too many other issues to discuss during the consultation. Furthermore, 53 (59%) participants agreed/strongly agreed that parental refusal to vaccinate would raise suspicions of negligence. On the other hand, 59 (65%) disagreed/strongly disagreed that parental refusal of vaccines is a parental right. Participants expressed the need to refer VHPs to a specialised advisory clinic with excellent experience and negotiation skills to overcome the challenges.ConclusionVaccine safety and necessity are the topics of most concern to VHPs, and a knowledgeable physician with competent communication skills is critical in responding to such situations. This study highlights the most reported barriers to successful vaccine-related discussions. It raises underlying ethical principles such as parental autonomy and the need to train physicians in VHPs. To train physians for succucful vaccine counceling of VHPs.
| S-EPMC10478439 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundEvidence-based medicine (EBM) is renovating the field of medicine as it is being acknowledged as the standard and basis of clinical judgment. As general governmental hospitals are at the forefront of health-care in Kuwait, the practice of EBM among physicians could improve the health of the population. The aim was to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice, and barriers of EBM among physicians practicing in general governmental hospitals in Kuwait.MethodsA cross-sectional study with self-reported questionnaires was used to survey 439 physicians in Kuwait's 6 general hospitals with a response rate of 74%.ResultsRespondent's knowledge of EBM was considerably low with a median knowledge score of 13 out of 20. Overall female physicians, undergraduates from Kuwait and Ireland, and those that received formal EBM training scored higher knowledge scores. Most respondents were unaware of well-known EBM resources, however more than half (69.3%) were aware of 'Up-to-date' and used it for clinical decisions. Most of the respondents had positive attitudes towards EBM: 88.2% either 'strongly welcomed' or 'welcomed' the promotion of EBM. Lack of investment by health-care authorities was the main perceived barrier to EBM.ConclusionOverall, even though participants were not well-informed in regards to EBM, half of them claim that their practice is EBM-based and use EBM resources to support clinical decisions. Formal EBM training and integration of EBM in undergraduate programs considerably promotes EBM practice.
| S-EPMC8633571 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Primary health care is integral to diagnosing and managing hypertension. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice, priority, and confidence of primary care physicians in Qatar toward hypertension diagnosis and management, and to measure the determinants of good knowledge, desirable attitudes, and desirable practices. We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey using a modified version of the World Hypertension League Questionnaire during the period from August 30th to October 23rd, 2020. All primary care physicians working in any of Qatar's 27 publicly run primary healthcare centers were invited to participate in the survey. Out of the 450 primary care physicians working at that time, 197 completed the study questionnaire with a response rate of 43.8%. Most respondents stated that they followed local or international treatment guidelines for hypertension management (96.4%). Primary care physicians were highly confident and prioritized hypertension management. The overall desirable practice score was 73.8%, with the highest score (95.4%) for assessing adherence to antihypertensive medications, whereas the lowest desirable practice score was 33.5% for counseling on home blood pressure monitoring. Fifty-one-point eight percentage and 62.4% correctly identified 140 mm Hg and 90 mm Hg as the systolic and diastolic blood pressure threshold for diagnosing hypertension in most patients. The lowest knowledge scores were for hypertension epidemiology in Qatar and recommended dietary modification for hypertensive patients. Respondents had positive attitudes toward task sharing with nonphysician healthcare workers for most items (58.9%-78.2%), except for drug prescriptions (30.5%). Primary care physicians in Qatar had positive attitudes, with high overall confidence and conviction (priority) scores toward hypertension. However, their knowledge scores and certain practices were suboptimal. Healthcare policymakers in Qatar should raise primary care physicians awareness of the current burden of untreated hypertension in the country by organizing targeted educational programs and emphasizing the importance of following national clinical practice guidelines in the diagnosis and management of hypertension.
| S-EPMC10519559 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Identifying and understanding the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) level of women at the periconceptional period has implications for formulating and measuring the adverse pregnancy outcomes for primary prevention. METHODS:A cross-sectional study among pregestational and pregnant women was conducted in Shaanxi during 2016-2017. RESULTS:Among 791 participants, the average score of periconceptional healthcare knowledge awareness was 6.32?±?1.78, whereas 28.8% of women have failed. Women who planned to or had undergone premarital and pre-pregnancy examinations accounted for 50.2, and 62.5%, respectively. Less than half (42.0%) of the women started taking folic acid (FA) before pregnancy, and only 37.9% of them took FA regularly at the right time. Multivariate analysis showed that age was the main factor influencing the Attitude and Practice level of women at the periconceptional period, and demonstrated a positive effect on the awareness of right timing of folic acid supplementation, and high rates of premarital and pre-pregnancy examinations. Also, the knowledge pass rate was increased with education level. Fewer women who have birth experience were willing to take FA consistently at the right time compared to those women without birth. CONCLUSIONS:The women at the periconceptional period in Shaanxi lacked the total KAP level of periconceptional healthcare, especially those who live in rural areas and have less education. Government agencies should reinforce more effective primary preventive measures and policies for the prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
| S-EPMC6727354 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has become a great threat to public health, which has greatly impacted the study and life of undergraduate students in China. This study aims to perform a survey of their knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) associated with COVID-19.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was designed to gather information regarding the COVID-19 related KAP among undergraduates during the home isolation in the outbreak. Subjects were recruited from 10 universities in Shaanxi Province, China. Enrollees voluntarily submitted their answers to a pre-designed questionnaire online.ResultsA total of 872 subjects (female, 534; male, 338) were enrolled with ages from 17 to 25 years old. This cohort included 430 medical and 442 non-medical students, 580 freshmen and 292 higher school year students. There were 453 from public schools and 442 from private school, residing in 28 regions and provinces at the time of study. Results showed that appropriate knowledge was acquired by 82.34% subjects; the levels were significantly higher in undergraduates from public universities and medical majors than those from private schools and non-medical majors (p<0.05). 73.81% subjects reported positive attitudes; females showed significantly higher levels of positive attitudes than males (p<0.05). Proactive practice was found in 87.94% subjects. Using a common scoring method, the overall scores for Knowledge, Attitude and Practice were 4.12 ± 0.749 (range: 0 ~ 5), 8.54 ± 1.201 (range: 0 ~ 10), and 8.91 ± 1.431 (range: 0 ~ 10), respectively. There was a positive correlation between attitude and practice (r = 0.319, p < 0.05) in the whole study group. Total KAP score was 21.57 ± 2.291 (range: 0 ~ 25), which was significantly different between gender groups and major groups.ConclusionsMost undergraduates acquired necessary knowledge, positive attitude and proactive practice in response to COVID-19 outbreak; but their KAP scores significantly varied by gender, major and school types.
| S-EPMC7447607 | biostudies-literature