Utility of a GFP-expressing Barley yellow mosaic virus for analyzing disease resistance genes.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Tanokami M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8661491 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Key messageThe results of our study suggest that genes involved in general resistance mechanisms of plants contribute to variation of BYDV resistance in maize. With increasing winter temperatures in Europe, Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is expected to become a prominent problem in maize cultivation. Breeding for resistance is the best strategy to control the disease and break the transmission cycle of the virus. The objectives of our study were (1) to determine genetic variation with respect to BYDV resistance in a broad germplasm set and (2) to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers linked to genes that are involved in BYDV resistance. An association mapping population with 267 genotypes representing the world's maize gene pool was grown in the greenhouse. Plants were inoculated with BYDV-PAV using viruliferous Rhopalosiphum padi. In the association mapping population, we observed considerable genotypic variance for the trait virus extinction as measured by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and the infection rate. In a genome-wide association study, we observed three SNPs significantly [false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.05] associated with the virus extinction on chromosome 10 explaining together 25 % of the phenotypic variance and five SNPs for the infection rate on chromosomes 4 and 10 explaining together 33 % of the phenotypic variance. The SNPs significantly associated with BYDV resistance can be used in marker assisted selection and will accelerate the breeding process for the development of BYDV resistant maize genotypes. Furthermore, these SNPs were located within genes which were in other organisms described to play a role in general resistance mechanisms. This suggests that these genes contribute to variation of BYDV resistance in maize.
| S-EPMC4236618 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this study, we investigated the barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV, genus Bymovirus) factor(s) responsible for breaking eIF4E-mediated recessive resistance genes (rym4/5/6) in barley. Genome mapping analysis using chimeric infectious cDNA clones between rym5-breaking (JT10) and rym5-non-breaking (JK05) isolates indicated that genome-linked viral protein (VPg) is the determinant protein for breaking the rym5 resistance. Likewise, VPg is also responsible for overcoming the resistances of rym4 and rym6 alleles. Mutational analysis identified that amino acids Ser-118, Thr-120, and His-142 in JT10 VPg are the most critical residues for overcoming rym5 resistance in protoplasts. Moreover, the rym5-non-breaking JK05 could accumulate in the rym5 protoplasts when eIF4E derived from a susceptible barley cultivar was expressed from the viral genome. Thus, the compatibility between VPg and host eIF4E determines the ability of BaYMV to infect barley plants.
| S-EPMC5043020 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs) are one of the most widespread and economically important plant viruses affecting many cereal crops. Growing resistant varieties remains the most promising approach to reduce the impact of BYDVs. A Recent RNA sequencing analysis has revealed potential genes that respond to BYDV infection in resistant barley genotypes. Together with a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on disease resistance in plants, we selected nine putative barley and wheat genes to investigate their involvement in resistance to BYDV-PAV infection. The target classes of genes were (i) nucleotide binding site (NBS) leucine-rich repeat (LRR), (ii) coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (CC-NB-LRR), (iii) LRR receptor-like kinase (RLK), (iv) casein kinase, (v) protein kinase, (vi) protein phosphatase subunits and the transcription factors (TF) (vii) MYB TF, (viii) GRAS (gibberellic acid-insensitive (GAI), repressor of GAI (RGA) and scarecrow (SCR)), and (ix) the MADS-box TF family. Expression of genes was analysed for six genotypes with different levels of resistance. As in previous reports, the highest BYDV-PAV titre was found in the susceptible genotypes Graciosa in barley and Semper and SGS 27-02 in wheat, which contrast with the resistant genotypes PRS-3628 and Wysor of wheat and barley, respectively. Statistically significant changes in wheat show up-regulation of NBS-LRR, CC-NBS-LRR and RLK in the susceptible genotypes and down-regulation in the resistant genotypes in response to BYDV-PAV. Similar up-regulation of NBS-LRR, CC-NBS-LRR, RLK and MYB TF in response to BYDV-PAV was also observed in the susceptible barley genotypes. However, no significant changes in the expression of these genes were generally observed in the resistant barley genotypes, except for the down-regulation of RLK. Casein kinase and Protein phosphatase were up-regulated early, 10 days after inoculation (dai) in the susceptible wheat genotypes, while the latter was down-regulated at 30 dai in resistant genotypes. Protein kinase was down-regulated both earlier (10 dai) and later (30 dai) in the susceptible wheat genotypes, but only in the later dai in the resistant genotypes. In contrast, GRAS TF and MYB TF were up-regulated in the susceptible wheat genotypes while no significant differences in MADS TF expression was observed. Protein kinase, Casein kinase (30 dai), MYB TF and GRAS TF (10 dai) were all up-regulated in the susceptible barley genotypes. However, no significant differences were found between the resistant and susceptible barley genotypes for the Protein phosphatase and MADS FT genes. Overall, our results showed a clear differentiation of gene expression patterns in both resistant and susceptible genotypes of wheat and barley. Therefore, further research on RLK, NBS-LRR, CC-NBS-LRR, GRAS TF and MYB TF can lead to BYDV-PAV resistance in cereals.
| S-EPMC10053949 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe disease caused by Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) infection is a serious threat to autumn-sown barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production in Europe, East Asia and Iran. Due to the rapid diversification of BaYMV strains, it is urgent to discover novel germplasm and genes to assist breeding new varieties with resistance to different BaYMV strains, thus minimizing the effect of BaYMV disease on barley cropping.MethodsA natural population consisting of 181 barley accessions with different levels of resistance to BaYMV disease was selected for field resistance identification in two separate locations (Yangzhou and Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China). Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis was used to identify accessions with stable resistance. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BaYMV disease resistance was broadly performed by combining both single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and specific molecular markers associated with the reported BaYMV disease resistance genes. Furthermore, the viral protein genome linked (VPg) sequences of the virus were amplified and analyzed to assess the differences between the BaYMV strains sourced from the different experimental sites.ResultsSeven barley accessions with lower standardized Area Under the Disease Progress Steps (sAUDPS) index in every environment were identified and shown to have stable resistance to BaYMV disease in each assessed location. Apart from the reported BaYMV disease resistance genes rym4 and rym5, one novel resistance locus explaining 24.21% of the phenotypic variation was identified at the Yangzhou testing site, while two other novel resistance loci that contributed 19.23% and 19.79% of the phenotypic variation were identified at the Yancheng testing site, respectively. Further analysis regarding the difference in the VPg sequence of the predominant strain of BaYMV collected from these two testing sites may explain the difference of resistance loci differentially identified under geographically distinct regions. Our research provides novel genetic resources and resistance loci for breeding barley varieties for BaMYV disease resistance.
| S-EPMC8934529 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBarley yellow mosaic disease (BYMD) caused by Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) seriously threatens the production of winter barley. Cultivating and promoting varieties that carry disease-resistant genes is one of the most powerful ways to minimize the disease's effect on yield. However, as the BYMD virus mutates rapidly, resistance conferred by the two cloned R genes to the virus had been overcome by new virus strains. There is an urgent need for novel resistance genes in barley that convey sustainable resistance to newly emerging virus strains causing BYMD.ResultsA doubled haploid (DH) population derived from a cross of SRY01 (BYMD resistant wild barley) and Gairdner (BYMD susceptible barley cultivar) was used to explore for QTL of resistance to BYMD in barley. A total of six quantitative trait loci (qRYM-1H, qRYM-2Ha, qRYM-2Hb, qRYM-3H, qRYM-5H, and qRYM-7H) related to BYMD resistance were detected, which were located on chromosomes 1H, 2H, 3H, 5H, and 7H. Both qRYM-1H and qRYM-2Ha were detected in all environments. qRYM-1H was found to be overlapped with rym7, a known R gene to the disease, whereas qRYM-2Ha is a novel QTL on chromosome 2H originated from SRY01, explaining phenotypic variation from 9.8 to 17.8%. The closely linked InDel markers for qRYM-2Ha were developed which could be used for marker-assisted selection in barley breeding. qRYM-2Hb and qRYM-3H were stable QTL for specific resistance to Yancheng and Yangzhou virus strains, respectively. qRYM-5H and qRYM-7H identified in Yangzhou were originated from Gairdner.ConclusionsOur work is focusing on a virus disease (barley yellow mosaic) of barley. It is the first report on BYMD-resistant QTL from wild barley accessions. One novel major QTL (qRYM-2Ha) for the resistance was detected. The consistently detected new genes will potentially serve as novel sources for achieving pre-breeding barley materials with resistance to BYMD.
| S-EPMC8613928 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The soil-borne yellow mosaic virus disease, which is caused by the bymoviruses barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and/or barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV), seriously threatens winter barley production in Europe and East Asia. Both viruses are transmitted by the soil-borne plasmodiophorid Polymyxa graminis and are difficult to eliminate through chemical or physical measures in the field, making breeding for resistant cultivars the optimal strategy for disease control. The resistance locus rym1/11 was cloned encoding the host factor gene Protein Disulfide Isomerase Like 5-1 (PDIL5-1), whose loss-of-function variants confer broad-spectrum resistance to multiple strains of BaMMV/BaYMV. Most resistance-conferring variants have been identified in six-rowed barley landraces/historic cultivars, and their introgression into modern two-rowed malting cultivars is difficult because PDIL5-1 is located in a peri-centromeric region with suppressed recombination. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to modify PDIL5-1 in the BaYMV/BaMMV-susceptible elite malting barley cv. 'Golden Promise' and obtained the mutants pdil5-1-a and pdil5-1-b. PDIL5-1 in the pdil5-1-a mutant encodes a protein lacking a cysteine residue, and pdil5-1-b contains a protein-coding frameshift. Both mutants were completely resistant to BaYMV. The knockout mutant pdil5-1-b showed complete BaMMV resistance, while pdil5-1-a showed decreased viral accumulation but no disease symptoms if compared to 'Golden Promise'. Both PDIL5-1 edited lines, as well as the previously produced EMS-induced pdil5-1 mutant '10253-1-5' in the elite malting barley cv. 'Barke' background, displayed no growth or yield penalties in garden experiments or bymovirus-free field trials. Line '10253-1-5' showed improved resistance and yield performance compared to the wild-type and its sibling line when grown in infectious fields. Therefore, genome editing of the host factor gene PDIL5-1 could facilitate the breeding of barley varieties with resistance to bymoviruses.
| S-EPMC9583009 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We used a transcriptome sequencing approach to analyze different expression levels of three barley varieties under both infected and uninfected conditions
2023-05-24 | GSE225976 | GEO
Project description:Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV), which are transmitted by the soil-borne plasmodiophorid Polymyxa graminis, cause high yield losses in barley. In previous studies, the recessive BaMMV resistance gene rym15, derived from the Japanese landrace Chikurin Ibaraki 1, was mapped on chromosome 6HS of Hordeum vulgare. In this study, 423 F4 segmental recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were developed from crosses of Chikurin Ibaraki 1 with two BaMMV-susceptible cultivars, Igri (139 RILs) and Uschi (284 RILs). A set of 32 competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assays, designed using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the barley 50 K Illumina Infinium iSelect SNP chip, genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), was used as a backbone for construction of two high-resolution maps. Using this approach, the target locus was narrowed down to 0.161 cM and 0.036 cM in the Igri × Chikurin Ibaraki 1 (I × C) and Chikurin Ibaraki 1 × Uschi (C × U) populations, respectively. Corresponding physical intervals of 11.3 Mbp and 0.281 Mbp were calculated for I × C and C × U, respectively, according to the Morex v3 genome sequence. In the 0.281 Mbp target region, six high confidence (HC) and two low confidence (LC) genes were identified. Genome assemblies of BaMMV-susceptible cultivars Igri and Golden Promise from the barley pan-genome, and a HiFi assembly of Chikurin Ibaraki 1 together with re-sequencing data for the six HC and two LC genes in susceptible parental cultivar Uschi revealed functional SNPs between resistant and susceptible genotypes only in two of the HC genes. These SNPs are the most promising candidates for the development of functional markers and the two genes represent promising candidates for functional analysis.
| S-EPMC9201720 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) causes an often-devastating disease of cereals that is most effectively controlled by using plant genotypes that are resistant or tolerant to the virus. New barley lines Vir8:3 and Vir13:8, with pyramided resistance genes against different pathogens and resistance gene Ryd2 against BYDV, are currently being tested. Because microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with antiviral plant defense, here we compared the miRNA profiles in these lines and in cultivar Wysor (carrying one resistance gene, Ryd2), with and without BYDV infection and after feeding by virus-free aphids, to determine whether the miRNA profile in the resistant variety bear similarities with the newly developed lines. The BYDV titer for each group was also determined and compared to the titer in sensitive cultivar Graciosa. Among 746 miRNAs identified in barley, 66 were known miRNAs, and 680 were novel. The expression of 73 miRNAs differed significantly after BYDV infection, including the strong, specific upregulation of novel miRNA10778 that was conserved across all the barley genotypes. This miRNA belongs to the H box and ACA box (H/ACA) snoR14 family of RNAs (Rf01280) and is associated with pseudourydilation. The expression of 48 miRNAs also differed depending on the barley genotype. The profile of miRNAs expressed in Vir8:3 and Vir13:8 in response to BYDV was similar and differed from that of Wysor. Insights into the expression patterns of miRNAs in response to BYDV in barley provided here will benefit further studies toward understanding the resistance mechanisms and developing novel strategies against virus infections.
| S-EPMC7020447 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Yellow mosaic disease of cultivated legumes in South-East Asia, is caused by Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) and Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) belonging to the genus Begomovirus of the family Geminiviridae. Efforts to engineer resistance against the genus Begomovirus are focused mainly on silencing of complementary-sense virus genes involved in virus replication. Here we have targeted a complementary-sense gene (ACI) encoding Replication initiation Protein (Rep) to develop resistance against soybean isolate of Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus-[India:New Delhi:Soybean 2:1999], a bipartite begomovirus prevalent throughout the Indian subcontinent. We show that the legume host plants co-agroinoculated with infectious constructs of soybean isolate of Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus [India:New Delhi:Soybean 2:1999] along with this antisense Rep gene construct show resistance to the virus.
| S-EPMC3550775 | biostudies-literature