Ethanol extract of propolis-bovine bone graft combination as a prospective candidate for socket preservation: Enhancing BMP7 and decreasing NFATc1.
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ABSTRACT: Objective
To analyse the expression of BMP7 in osteoblasts and NFATc1 in osteoclasts during the bone healing process in the extraction socket and the possible relationship between the expression of BMP7 and NFATc1.Methodology
This study represented a post-test only control group design consisting of four groups, namely; a control group (polyethylene glycol), an ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) group, a bovine bone graft (BBG) group, and a EEP-BBG group. 56 Cavia cobaya were split randomly into four groups. The mandibula left incisors of the subjects were extracted, treated with certain materials according to their group, and sutured. The expression of BMP7 and NFATc1 was observed on day 7 and day 14 by means of immunohistochemical staining. Statistical analysis was performed using a combination of one-way ANOVA, Games-Howell post-hoc, and Pearson tests.Results
The propolis-BBG combination group showed the highest BMP7 expression, on both day 7 and day 14. With regard to NFATc1 expression, the combination group experienced the lowest expression on day 7 and day 14. The combination group showed significant differences in all expressions compared to the control group. The BMP7 and NFATc1 expressions showed a strong relationship (r = -0.598, r > 0.5).Conclusion
Propolis-BBG combination increases BMP7 expression and reduces NFATc1 expression in the extraction socket. This study confirmed a strong relationship between the expressions of BMP7 and NFATc1.
SUBMITTER: Kresnoadi U
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8665205 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Onychomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of nails, commonly caused by dermatophyte fungi, primarily species of Trichophyton. Because of the limited drug arsenal available to treat general fungal infections and the frequent failure of onychomycosis treatment, the search for new therapeutic sources is essential, and topical treatment with natural products for onychomycosis has been encouraged. Propolis, an adhesive resinous compound produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera), has shown multiple biological properties including significant antifungal and anti-biofilm activities in vitro. In spite of promising in vitro results, in vivo results have not been reported so far. This study assessed an ethanol propolis extract (PE) as a topical therapeutic option for onychomycosis, including its characterization in vitro and its applicability as a treatment for onychomycosis (from bench to clinic). The in vitro evaluation included analysis of the cytotoxicity and the antifungal activity against the planktonic cells and biofilm formed by Trichophyton spp. We also evaluated the capacity of PE to penetrate human nails. Patients with onychomycosis received topical PE treatments, with a 6-month follow-up period. The results of the in vitro assays showed that PE was non-toxic to the cell lines tested, and efficient against both the planktonic cells and the biofilm formed by Trichophyton spp. The results also showed that PE is able to penetrate the human nail. The results for PE applied topically to treat onychomycosis were promising, with complete mycological and clinical cure of onychomycosis in 56.25% of the patients. PE is an inexpensive commercially available option, easy to obtain and monitor. Our results indicated that PE is a promising natural compound for onychomycosis treatment, due to its ability to penetrate the nail without cytotoxicity, and its good antifungal performance against species such as Trichophyton spp. that are resistant to conventional antifungals, both in vitro and in patients.
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