Dataset Information

Indirect costs associated with skin infectious disease in children: a systematic review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

There are limited data in the literature on the indirect costs associated with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in the pediatric population. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the indirect costs associated with SSTIs in children.

Methods

The search was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science up to January 2020. Thirteen search strategies were designed combining MeSH terms and free terms. SSTIs were defined as bacterial or viral infections, dermatomycoses, and parasitic infestations. Only primary studies were included. All analyzed costs were converted to 2020 Euros.

Results

Thirteen of the identified publications presented indirect costs of SSTIs in children and were conducted in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Hungary, New Zealand, Poland, Spain, Taiwan, and the USA. Nine studies described indirect costs associated with infection of Varicella-zoster virus: lost workdays by outpatient caregivers ranged from 0.27 to 7.8, and up to 6.14 if caring for inpatients; total productivity losses ranged from €1.16 to €257.46 per patient. Three studies reported indirect costs associated with acute bacterial SSTIs (community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) in children: total productivity losses ranged from €1,814.39 to €8,224.06 per patient, based on impetigo, cellulitis, and folliculitis. One study of parasitic infestations (Pediculus humanus capitis) reported total indirect costs per patient of €68.57 (formal care) plus €21.41 due to time lost by parents in purchasing treatment.

Conclusions

The economic burden of SSTIs is highly relevant but underestimated due to the lack of studies reporting indirect costs. Further cost studies will allow a better understanding of the magnitude of the financial burden of the disease.

SUBMITTER: Lizano-Diez I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8665520 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Indirect costs associated with skin infectious disease in children: a systematic review.

Lizano-Díez Irene I Naharro Jesús J Zsolt Ilonka I

BMC health services research 20211211 1

<h4>Background</h4>There are limited data in the literature on the indirect costs associated with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in the pediatric population. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the indirect costs associated with SSTIs in children.<h4>Methods</h4>The search was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science up to January 2020. Thirteen search strategies were designed combining MeSH terms and free terms. SSTIs were defined as bacterial or viral infections, ...[more]

PMID: 34895206

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Project description:BackgroundSyndromic surveillance systems are an essential component of public health surveillance and can provide timely detection of infectious disease cases and outbreaks. Whilst surveillance systems are generally embedded within healthcare, there is increasing interest in novel data sources for monitoring trends in illness, such as over-the-counter purchases, internet-based health searches and worker absenteeism. This systematic review considers the utility of school attendance registers in the surveillance of infectious disease outbreaks and occurrences amongst children.MethodsWe searched eight databases using key words related to school absence, infectious disease and syndromic surveillance. Studies were limited to those published after 1st January 1995. Studies based in nursery schools or higher education settings were excluded. Article screening was undertaken by two independent reviewers using agreed eligibility criteria. Data extraction was performed using a standardised data extraction form. Outcomes included estimates of absenteeism, correlation with existing surveillance systems and associated lead or lag times.ResultsFifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, all of which were concerned with the surveillance of influenza. The specificity of absence data varied between all-cause absence, illness absence and syndrome-specific absence. Systems differed in terms of the frequency of data submissions from schools and the level of aggregation of the data. Baseline rates of illness absence varied between 2.3-3.7%, with peak absences ranging between 4.1-9.8%. Syndrome-specific absenteeism had the strongest correlation with other surveillance systems (r = 0.92), with illness absenteeism generating mixed results and all-cause absenteeism performing the least well. A similar pattern of results emerged in terms of lead and lag times, with influenza-like illness (ILI)-specific absence providing a 1-2 week lead time, compared to lag times reported for all-cause absence data and inconsistent results for illness absence data.ConclusionSyndrome-specific school absences have potential utility in the syndromic surveillance of influenza, demonstrating good correlation with healthcare surveillance data and a lead time of 1-2 weeks ahead of existing surveillance measures. Further research should consider the utility of school attendance registers for conditions other than influenza, to broaden our understanding of the potential application of this data for infectious disease surveillance in children.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO 2019 CRD42019119737.

Project description:BackgroundIn children and adolescents, the prevalence of chronic diseases, e.g., obesity, asthma, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), has increased in the last decades. These diseases have negative effects on patients and their families and pose a significant economic burden. Indirect costs related to caregivers' lost workdays or children's and adolescents' missed education are likely to be high. However, there are no guidelines for measuring and valuing indirect costs in this population. Thus, this scoping review aims to examine methods in published articles, compare these approaches, and analyze benefits and shortcomings.MethodsThe systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, NHS EED, and the HTA Database considering all articles from inception until 16 October 2024. Two researchers independently screened title, abstract, and full text. Cost-of-illness studies (COIs) reporting indirect costs for obesity, asthma, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) in children and adolescents up to 24 years were included. Only studies published in English or German were considered. Methodological characteristics, measurement of indirect costs, cost components, data source, and costing methods were extracted.ResultsThe literature search revealed 45 studies. Thirty-two articles on asthma, eight on ADHD, and five on obesity were included. While all studies included absenteeism, only a few assessed and valued unpaid work (31.1%) or presenteeism (13.3%). Overall, 88.9% of the studies considered indirect costs for caregivers. Additionally, 51.1% considered productivity losses for children and adolescents, with 47.8% of these studies assigning a monetary value to these losses. The largest share of studies (53.3%) considered indirect costs by measuring and valuing caregivers' lost work time.DiscussionIn conclusion, various methodologies were used to consider indirect costs for chronic diseases in children and adolescents, underlining the need for standardization. This scoping review presents methodologies for incorporating indirect costs in COIs and other types of economic evaluations, which focus on children and adolescents and adopt a societal perspective. These indirect costs include both paid and unpaid activities, as well as absenteeism and presenteeism, not only for caregivers but also for children and adolescents themselves.

Dataset Information

Indirect costs associated with skin infectious disease in children: a systematic review.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Indirect costs associated with skin infectious disease in children: a systematic review.

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