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N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine improves the intestinal development and nutrient absorption of weaned piglets via regulating the activity of intestinal stem cells.

ABSTRACT: Early weaning in piglets can cause a series of negative effects. This causes serious losses to the livestock industry. N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine (D-GlcNAc) plays an important role in regulating the homeostasis of the intestine. This study aimed to investigate the effects of D-GlcNAc on the growth performance and intestinal function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc, 6.58 ± 0.15 kg, n = 8) at 21 d old were fed 3 diets supplemented with 0 (control), 1 and 3 g/kg D-GlcNAc. The intestinal organoid model was used to verify the regulatory mechanism of D-GlcNAc on intestinal epithelial cells. On the whole, supplementation of D-GlcNAc in the piglet diet has no significant effect on the growth performance and diarrhoea of weaned piglets (P > 0.05). The apparent digestibility of nutrients and mRNA abundance of nutrient transporters in the 1 g/kg D-GlcNAc group were increased significantly (P < 0.05). D-GlcNAc did not affect villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) but resulted in a numerically shorter VH and shallower CD, which lead to an increase in ileal VH:CD ratio (P < 0.05). Cell shedding rates in the ileum villi increased (P < 0.05). The relative length and weight of the small intestine of weaned piglets increased (P < 0.05). In vitro studies found that the budding rates of organoids treated with 0.1 mmol/L D-GlcNAc increased on the d 3 and 5 (P < 0.05). The average budding numbers per budding organoid treated with 0.1 and 10 mmol/L D-GlcNAc increased on d 3 (P < 0.05). D-GlcNAc upregulated leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5 ⁺ ) and Chromogranin A mRNA abundance in organoids (P < 0.05). Mucin 2 (Muc2) expression increased when treated with 1 and 10 mmol/L D-GlcNAc (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary D-GlcNAc cannot improve the growth performance of weaned piglets. However, it can promote the growth and development of the intestinal tract and improve the digestion and absorption capacity of the intestine, which is achieved by affecting the activity of intestinal stem cells.

SUBMITTER: Wang Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8669262 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different protease levels on performance, diarrhea rate, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, digestive enzyme activities, and intestinal health of weaned piglets. A total of 96 weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 28 d of age, initial average BW = 6.55 ± 0.17 kg) were divided into four groups (4 pigs/pen and 6 replicates/group) according to a completely random block design. Piglets were fed different levels of protease (0, 150, 300 or 600 mg/kg of diet) for 28 d. The results showed that the addition of protease had no significant effect on the growth performance of weaned piglets (p > 0.05), and the addition of 300 mg/kg protease significantly increased the apparent total intestinal digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids in weaned piglets (p < 0.05), while the addition of 150 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg protease had no significant effect on the digestibility (p > 0.05). The nutrient digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and total energy (GE) showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with increasing protease concentration (p < 0.05). Adding 300 and 600 mg/kg protease significantly decreased serum ALB/GLO levels (p < 0.05) and duodenal pH (p < 0.05) and increased duodenal villus height (p < 0.05). The addition of protease significantly increased jejunal trypsin and chymotrypsin activities (p < 0.01) and duodenal and jejunal mucosal tight junction proteins in piglets. The mRNA expression levels of ZO-1 and CLAUDIN-1 in the duodenum together with ZO-1 and OCCLUDIN in the jejunum of piglets in the 300 and 600 mg/kg protease supplementation groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The results showed that, compared with the control group, protease could promote nutrient absorption, improve small intestine morphology and enhance digestive enzyme activity in weaned piglets. The suitable addition amount was 150−300 mg/kg in the present study.

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Project description:This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of tannic acid (TA) on growth performance, diarrhea rate, nutrient digestibility and intestinal health in weaned piglets. A total of 180 weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 24 d of age, initial average BW = 7.77 ± 0.17 kg) were allotted to 5 groups (6 pigs/pen and 6 replicates/group) in a randomized complete block design according to their gender and body weight. Piglets were fed a basal diet, or the basal diet supplemented with 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% or 0.4% TA for 28 d. The supplementary levels of TA in the diets were obtained by adding tannalbin containing 51% TA and 40.17% protein. The results showed that, compared with the CON group, dietary TA did not affect ADFI, ADG or F:G, and linearly reduced (P < 0.01) the diarrhea rate and diarrhea index of piglets. There were no significant effects on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) in the 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% TA groups, while negative effects (P < 0.05) on apparent digestibility of crude protein and gross energy were observed in the 0.4% TA group. In addition, the nutrient digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy linearly decreased (P < 0.01) with the increase of TA dosage. Supplementation of TA increased (P < 0.05) the villus height of the duodenum and jejunum, as well as increased (P < 0.05) catalase (CAT) activity in serum. Dietary TA improved (P < 0.05) the Bacillus counts in cecal digesta. Further, TA significantly improved (P < 0.05) Bacillus counts and reduced (P < 0.05) the Escherichia coli counts in colonic digesta. The concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and isovaleric acid in cecal digesta were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression level of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2), and claudin-2 (CLDN-2) in the jejunum were greater (P < 0.05) in TA supplemented groups. The study showed that, compared to the control, TA prevented post-weaning diarrhea and improved intestinal health of weaned piglets, and the appropriate level of TA supplementation would be from 0.1% to 0.2%.

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Project description:This paper was to determine the effects of dietary Litsea cubeba essential oil (LEO) supplementation on growth performance, immune function, antioxidant level, intestinal morphology and microbial composition in weaned piglets. One hundred and ninety-two piglets (Duroc × [Large White × Landrace]) with 6.85 ± 0.22 kg mean body weight weaned at 21 d of age were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups with 8 replicates and were fed with a basal diet (CON) or CON diet containing 100 (LLEO), 200 (MLEO) and 400 (HLEO) mg/kg LEO. The results revealed that HLEO supplementation (P < 0.05) increased the average daily gain on d 28 compared with CON. MLEO and HLEO supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio. LEO-containing diets had a lower (P < 0.05) diarrhea rate. Supplementation with HLEO increased (P < 0.05) total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) both in the serum and liver. Meanwhile, the supplementation of MLEO and HLEO resulted in higher (P < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities both in serum and liver. Supplementation of HLEO increased (P < 0.05) serum immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G and interleukin-10, whereas supplementation with MLEO and HLEO decreased (P < 0.05) tumor necrosis factor-α. Villus height in the duodenum or jejunum was increased (P < 0.05) in the HLEO group, and the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum was also improved (P < 0.05) in the MLEO group. The addition of LEO increased (P < 0.05) the richness and diversity of the microbial community in the cecum, which mainly increased the relative abundance of Oscillospiraceae _UCG-005, Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Coprococcus. Piglets supplemented with HLEO increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), including acetic acid in the cecum and propionic acid in the colon. In conclusion, these findings indicated that LEO supplementation improved growth performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets.

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N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine improves the intestinal development and nutrient absorption of weaned piglets via regulating the activity of intestinal stem cells.

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