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Ionomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Different Response Mechanisms to Saline-Alkali Stress Between Suaeda salsa Community and Puccinellia tenuiflora Community.

ABSTRACT: Soil salinization imposes severe stress to plants, inhibits plant growth, and severely limits agricultural productivity and land utilization. The response of a single plant to saline-alkali stress has been well investigated. However, the plant community that usually works as a group to defend against saline-alkali stress was neglected. To determine the functions of plant community, in our current work, Suaeda salsa (S. salsa) community and Puccinellia tenuiflora (P. tenuiflora) community, two communities that are widely distributed in Hulun Buir Grassland in Northeastern China, were selected as research objects. Ionomic and metabolomic were applied to compare the differences between S. salsa community and P. tenuiflora community from the aspects of ion transport and phenolic compound accumulation, respectively. Ionomic studies demonstrated that many macroelements, including potassium (K) and calcium (Ca), were highly accumulated in S. salsa community whereas microelement manganese (Mn) was highly accumulated in P. tenuiflora community. In S. salsa community, transportation of K to aboveground parts of plants helps to maintain high K+ and low Na+ concentrations whereas the accumulation of Ca triggers the salt overly sensitive (SOS)-Na+ system to efflux Na+. In P. tenuiflora community, enrichment of Mn in roots elevates the level of Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and increases the resistance to saline-alkali stress. Metabolomic studies revealed the high levels of C6C1-compounds and C6C3C6-compounds in S. salsa community and also the high levels of C6C3-compounds in P. tenuiflora community. C6C1-compounds function as signaling molecules to defend against stress and may stimulate the accumulation of C6C3C6-compounds. C6C3-compounds contribute to the elimination of free radicals and the maintenance of cell morphology. Collectively, our findings determine the abundance of phenolic compounds and various elements in S. salsa community and P. tenuiflora community in Hulun Buir Grassland and we explored different responses of S. salsa community and P. tenuiflora community to cope with saline-alkali stress. Understanding of plant response strategies from the perspective of community teamwork may provide a feasible and novel way to transform salinization land.

SUBMITTER: Chen Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8670416 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Puccinellia tenuiflora is the most saline-alkali tolerant plant in the Songnen Plain, one of the three largest soda saline-alkali lands worldwide. Here, we investigated the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soils from the Songnen Plain and sequenced the transcriptomes of germinated P. tenuiflora seedlings under long-term treatment (from seed soaking) with saline-alkali soil extracts. RESULTS:We found that the soils from Songnen Plain were reasonably rich in salts and alkali; moreover, the soils were severely deficient in nitrogen [N], phosphorus [P], potassium [K] and several other mineral elements. This finding demonstrated that P. tenuiflora can survive from not only high saline-alkali stress but also a lack of essential mineral elements. To explore the saline-alkali tolerance mechanism, transcriptional analyses of P. tenuiflora plants treated with water extracts from the saline-alkali soils was performed. Interestingly, unigenes involved in the uptake of N, P, K and the micronutrients were found to be significantly upregulated, which indicated the existence of an efficient nutrition-uptake system in P. tenuiflora. Compared with P. tenuiflora, the rice Oryza sativa was hypersensitive to saline-alkali stress. The results obtained using a noninvasive microtest techniques confirmed that the uptake of NO3- and NH4+ and the regulatory flux of Na+ and H+ were significantly higher in the roots of P. tenuiflora than in those of O. sativa. In the corresponding physiological experiments, the application of additional nutrition elements significantly eliminated the sensitive symptoms of rice to saline-alkali soil extracts. CONCLUSIONS:Our results imply that the survival of P. tenuiflora in saline-alkali soils is due to a combination of at least two regulatory mechanisms and the high nutrient uptake capacity of P. tenuiflora plays a pivotal role in its adaptation to those stress. Taken together, our results highlight the role of nutrition uptake in saline-alkali stress tolerance in plants.

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Ionomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Different Response Mechanisms to Saline-Alkali Stress Between Suaeda salsa Community and Puccinellia tenuiflora Community.

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