Valorization of winery and distillery by-products by hydrothermal carbonization.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Barbanera M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8671441 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:AbstractThis study is aimed at evaluating through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) the environmental performances of an integrated system of an existing Water Resources Recovery Facility (WRRF) and a hypothetical hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) plant applied to the generated sewage sludge (SS). Beside the valorisation of the solid product (hydrochar, HC) as a fuel substituting lignite, the possibility to valorize also the liquid fraction (process water, PW) derived by the HTC, by anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, is here proposed and analysed. Additionally, phosphorus recovery from HC, prior its use, by acid leaching with nitric acid is also suggested and evaluated. Thus, four integrated scenarios, based on SS carbonization, are proposed and compared with the current SS treatment, based on composting outside of the WRRF (Benchmark scenario). The proposed scenarios, based on HTC, show improved performances with respect to the benchmark one, for thirteen of sixteen considered impact indicators. For the Climate Change (CC) indicator, the two HTC scenarios are able to reduce the impacts up to - 98%, with respect to the Benchmark. Further, the introduction of anaerobic digestion of PW proves to reduce impacts more than other configurations in eleven on sixteen impact categories. On the contrary, the introduction of phosphorus recovery process negatively affects the values for most of indicators. Thus, possible solutions to improve the integration of this process are outlined (e.g., the use of sulfuric acid instead of nitric one, or the application of a different ratio between solid and acidified solution during acid leaching of HC to recover phosphorus).Graphical abstractSupplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12649-022-01821-x.
| S-EPMC9189798 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The objective of this work was to study the co-composting process of wastes from the winery and distillery industry with animal manures, using the classical chemical methods traditionally used in composting studies together with advanced instrumental methods (thermal analysis, FT-IR and CPMAS 13C NMR techniques), to evaluate the development of the process and the quality of the end-products obtained. For this, three piles were elaborated by the turning composting system, using as raw materials winery-distillery wastes (grape marc and exhausted grape marc) and animal manures (cattle manure and poultry manure). The classical analytical methods showed a suitable development of the process in all the piles, but these techniques were ineffective to study the humification process during the composting of this type of materials. However, their combination with the advanced instrumental techniques clearly provided more information regarding the turnover of the organic matter pools during the composting process of these materials. Thermal analysis allowed to estimate the degradability of the remaining material and to assess qualitatively the rate of OM stabilization and recalcitrant C in the compost samples, based on the energy required to achieve the same mass losses. FT-IR spectra mainly showed variations between piles and time of sampling in the bands associated to complex organic compounds (mainly at 1420 and 1540 cm-1) and to nitrate and inorganic components (at 875 and 1384 cm-1, respectively), indicating composted material stability and maturity; while CPMAS 13C NMR provided semi-quantitatively partition of C compounds and structures during the process, being especially interesting their variation to evaluate the biotransformation of each C pool, especially in the comparison of recalcitrant C vs labile C pools, such as Alkyl /O-Alkyl ratio.
| S-EPMC4587889 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of dairy processing waste was performed to investigate the effect of temperature and initial pH on the yield and composition of the solid (hydrochar) and liquor produced. All hydrochars met the EU requirements of organo-mineral solid fertilizers defined in the Fertilizing Products Regulation in terms of phosphorus (P) and mineral content. Methods: Laboratory scale HTC was performed using pressurized reactors, and the products (solid and liquid) were collected, stored and analyzed for elemental composition and nutrient content using Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) and other analytic techniques. Results: Maximum hydrochar yield (60.67%) was observed at T=180℃ and pH=2.25, whereas the maximum P-recovery was 80.38% at T=220℃ and pH=4.6. The heavy metal content of the hydrochars was mostly compliant with EU limitations, except for Ni at T=220℃ and pH=8.32. Meanwhile, further study of Chromium (Cr) species is essential to assess the fertilizer quality of the hydrochars. For the liquid product, the increase in temperature beyond 200℃, coupled with an increase in initial acidity (pH=2.25) drove P into the liquor. Simultaneously, increasing HTC temperature and acidity increased the concentration of NO 3 - and NH 4 + in the liquid products to a maximum of 278 and 148 mg/L, respectively, at T=180℃ and pH=4.6. Furthermore, no direct relation between final pH of liquor and NH 4 + concentration was observed. Conclusions: HTC allows for the production of hydrochar as a potential fertilizer material that requires further processing. Adjusting HTC conditions enhanced P-recovery in the hydrochar, while retrieving higher nitrate concentrations in the liquid product. Optimizing HTC for the production of qualified hydrochars requires further treatment of Cr content, studying the availability of P in the products and enhancing the hydrochar yield for economic feasibility.
| S-EPMC10445854 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Biofuels are seen as a potential option for mitigating the effects of fossil fuel use. On the other hand, nutrient pollution is accelerating eutrophication rates in rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. Harvesting aquatic plants to produce biofuels could mitigate this problem, though it is important to attack the problem at source, mainly as regards the contribution of nutrients. For the first time, solid biofuels were obtained in the forms of carbon and pellets from the aquatic plants Egeria densa, which is classed as an invasive plant under the Spanish Catalogue of Exotic Invasive Species, and Lemna minor, both of which can be found in the Umia River in north-west Spain. The essential oils and macro- and microelements present in both these plants were also extracted and analyzed. The higher heating values (HHVs) of the carbon products obtained ranged from 14.28 to 17.25 MJ/kg. The ash content ranged from 22.69% to 49.57%. The maximum yield obtained for biochar for Egeria densa at 200 °C was 66.89%. Temperature significantly affects solid hydrochar yield. The HHVs of the pellets obtained ranged from 11.38 to 13.49 MJ/kg. The use of these species to obtain biofuels through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and pellets is a novel and effective approach that will facilitate the removal of nutrients that cause eutrophication in the Umia River. The elements extracted show that harvesting these plants will help to remove excessive nutrients from the ecosystem.
| S-EPMC7238187 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study aims to investigate how the morphology of cellulose influences the hydrolysis and carbonization during hydrothermal treatment at temperatures between 180 and 240 °C. The morphology of cellulose, especially different crystallinities and degrees of polymerization, is represented by microcrystalline cellulose and α-cellulose. Kinetic analysis is considered a tool to allow the determination of the mechanisms of the two types of cellulose during the hydrothermal process. A kinetic model, in which cellulose is assumed to be hydrolyzed to a limited extent, is proposed. Five scenarios are used as models for pyrolysis of nonhydrolyzed cellulose that forms primary char, along with reaction pathways of hydrolyzable cellulose and its derivatives that latterly form secondary char. The morphologies of solid products are in good agreement with the results of the proposed model.
| S-EPMC7271358 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBiomass fuel has been used to supply heat or crude materials in industry to replace the traditional fossil fuel which was one of the chief causes of climate warming. However, the large-scale utilization of biomass fuel was restricted due to the low density and high hydrophilicity of biomass, which causes the problem of transportation and storage. Therefore, pelletization of biomass was used to improve its fuel density. At present, the biomass pellet was widely used to supply heat, gas or electricity generation via gasification, which supplied clean and sustainable energy for industry. However, the energy consumption during pelletization and high hydrophilicity of pellets were still the problem for the large-scale application of biomass pellet. In this study, hydrothermal carbonization and surfactant played the role of permeation, adsorption and wetting in the solution, which was expected to improve the fuel properties and pelletization effectivity of corn stover.ResultsIn the article, surfactant (PEG400, Span80, SDBS) was chosen to be combined with wet torrefaction to overcome the drawbacks and improve the pelletization and combustion properties of Corn stover (CS). Especially, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) combined with surfactant improves the yield of solid products and reduces the ash content of solid product, which was beneficial for reducing the ashes of furnace during gasification. Meanwhile, surfactant promotes the formation of pseudo-lignin and the absorption for oil with low O and high C during HTC, which improves the energy density of solid product. Furthermore, the oil in solid product plays the role of lubricant and binder, which reduces the negative effect of high energy consumption, low bulk density and weak pellets strength caused by HTC during pelletization. HTC combined with surfactant improved the hydrophobicity of pellet as well as grindability due to the modification of solid product. Moreover, surfactant combined with HTC improved the combustion characteristic of solid product such as ignition and burning temperature as well as kinetic parameters due to the bio-oil absorbed and the improvement of surface and porosity.ConclusionsThe study supplied a new, less-energy intensive and effective method to improve the pelletization and combustion properties of corn stover via hydrothermal carbonization combined with surfactant, and provided a promising alternative fuel from corn stover .
| S-EPMC6796392 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A metal-free carbon catalyst is a kind of oxygen reduction catalyst with great prospects. It is an important material with potential to replace the traditional Pt catalyst. In this paper, a kind of irregular and ultra-thin carbon nanosheet (K180M-300-900) with high catalytic activity was synthesized by hydrothermal calcination using okra as a biomass and NH4Cl as an N source. The prepared nitrogen-doped metal-free catalyst with high pyridine-N and graphitic-N provides an extremely large number of active sites and has certain lattice defects. Ultra-thin carbon nanosheets promote sufficient contact between the catalyst and electrolyte, promote the diffusion of oxygen, and result in a faster transfer rate of electrons. The initial potential and half-slope potential of K180M-300-900 are 0.99 V and 0.82 V, respectively, which are comparable to those of 20% Pt/C. In addition, the stability and methanol tolerance of this catalyst (K180M-300-900) are better than 20% Pt/C, so it has great development potential and application value. This result provides a new method to prepare metal-free carbon materials that will take the place of traditional Pt catalysts.
| S-EPMC10780226 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Grape and wine phenolics display a noticeable structural diversity, encompassing distinct compounds ranging from simple molecules to oligomers, as well as polymers usually designated as tannins. Since these compounds contribute critically to the organoleptic properties of wines, their analysis and quantification are of primordial importance for winery industry operators. Besides, the occurrence of these compounds has been also extensively described in winery residues, which have been pointed as a valuable source of bioactive phytochemicals presenting potential for the development of new added value products that could fit the current market demands. Therefore, the cumulative knowledge generated during the last decades has allowed the identification of the most promising compounds displaying interesting biological functions, as well as the chemical features responsible for the observed bioactivities. In this regard, the present review explores the scope of the existing knowledge, concerning the compounds found in these winery by-products, as well as the chemical features presumably responsible for the biological functions already identified. Moreover, the present work will hopefully pave the way for further actions to develop new powerful applications to these materials, thus, contributing to more sustainable valorization procedures and the development of newly obtained compounds with enhanced biological properties.
| S-EPMC6155862 | biostudies-other
Project description:In the wake of economic and population growth, increased wastewater production poses a challenge related to sewage sludge treatment, which is problematic given its high moisture content, amount, and hazardous characteristics. This study focuses on the hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge to produce carbonous material-hydrochar, which may be an alternative to fossil fuels. The effect of process parameters, namely, temperature (180, 240, 300 °C) and duration time (30, 90, 180 min), on hydrochar properties (proximate and ultimate analysis, heating values) and process performance were studied. Obtained results indicate and confirm that hydrothermal carbonization, especially temperature increase, improves the fuel properties of carbonized sewage sludge. The highest low heating value was obtained for hydrochar derived at 300 °C in 180 min (~23 MJ × kg-1). The highest energy gain was noted for hydrochar derived at 240 °C in 180 min (~23%). As well as relatively high mass and energy yield in comparison to other hydrochars, these parameters are considered the most favorable for sewage sludge hydrothermal carbonization. However, high energy consumption (over 1300 kJ × g-1) suggests that more research on the process's economical efficacy is required.
| S-EPMC10648982 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: The provision of safe sanitation services is essential for human well-being and environmental integrity, but it is often lacking in less developed communities with insufficient financial and technical resources. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been suggested as an alternative sanitation technology, producing value-added products from faecal waste. We evaluated the HTC technology for raw human waste treatment in terms of resource recovery. In addition, we constructed and tested a low-cost HTC reactor for its technical feasibility. Methods: Raw human faeces were hydrothermally treated in a mild severity range (≤ 200 °C and ≤ 1 hr). The total energy recovery was analysed from the energy input, higher heating value (HHV) of hydrochar and biomethane potential of process water. The nutrient contents were recovered through struvite precipitation employing process water and acid leachate from hydrochar ash. A bench-scale low-cost reactor (BLR) was developed using widely available materials and tested for human faeces treatment. Results: The hydrochar had HHVs (23.2 - 25.2 MJ/kg) comparable to bituminous coal. The calorific value of hydrochar accounted for more than 90% of the total energy recovery. Around 78% of phosphorus in feedstock was retained in hydrochar ash, while 15% was in process water. 72% of the initial phosphorus can be recovered as struvite when deficient Mg and NH 4 are supplemented. The experiments with BLR showed stable operation for faecal waste treatment with an energy efficiency comparable to a commercial reactor system. Conclusions: This research presents a proof of concept for the hydrothermal treatment of faecal waste as an alternative sanitation technology, by providing a quantitative evaluation of the resource recovery of energy and nutrients. The experiments with the BLR demonstrate the technical feasibility of the low-cost reactor and support its further development on a larger scale to reach practical implementation.
| S-EPMC10446067 | biostudies-literature