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Morphological and molecular evidence reveals three new species of Lithocarpus (Fagaceae) from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam.

ABSTRACT: Three new species, Lithocarpusbidoupensis Ngoc & Tagane, L.congtroiensis Ngoc & Yahara, and L.hongiaoensis Ngoc & Binh are described from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Central Highland of Vietnam. Morphological analyses and Maximum likelihood tree based on genome-wide SNPs support the distinction of those species from the previously known taxa in the region. The three new species are considered to be endemic to the Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park and the preliminary conservation status for each species is evaluated as Critically Endangered.

SUBMITTER: Ngoc NV

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8671716 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Morphological and molecular evidence reveals three new species of Lithocarpus (Fagaceae) from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam.

Ngoc Nguyen Van NV Binh Hoang Thi HT Nagahama Ai A Tagane Shuichiro S Toyama Hironori H Matsuo Ayumi A Suyama Yoshihisa Y Yahara Tetsukazu T

PhytoKeys 20211206

Three new species, Lithocarpusbidoupensis Ngoc & Tagane, L.congtroiensis Ngoc & Yahara, and L.hongiaoensis Ngoc & Binh are described from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Central Highland of Vietnam. Morphological analyses and Maximum likelihood tree based on genome-wide SNPs support the distinction of those species from the previously known taxa in the region. The three new species are considered to be endemic to the Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park and the preliminary conservation ...[more]

PMID: 34975276

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Project description:BackgroundThe genus Lithocarpus is a species-rich dominant woody lineage in East Asian evergreen broad-leaved forests. Despite its ecological and economic significance, the plastome structure and evolutionary history of the genus remain poorly understood. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the 34 plastomes representing 33 Lithocarpus species. Of which, 21 were newly assembled. The plastome-based phylogenomic tree was reconstructed to reveal the maternal evolutionary patterns of the genus.ResultsThe Lithocarpus plastomes exhibit a typical quadripartite structure, ranging in length from 161,010 to 161,476 bp, and containing 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. Remarkably, the infA gene was identified as a pseudogene in 17 species. Significant variability was observed in simple sequence repeats (SSRs) as well as in the boundary regions between the two single-copy regions and the inverted repeat region (SC/IR) across the plastomes. Additionally, four genes (accD, atpF, rpl32, and rps8) were found to be under positive selection. The monophyletic status of Lithocarpus was strongly supported by plastome-based phylogeny; however, the phylogenetic tree topology showed a significant difference from that obtained by the nuclear genome-based phylogeny.ConclusionsThe plastome of Fagaceae is generally conserved. Nevertheless, genes related to metabolism, photosynthesis, and energy were under strong positive selection in Lithocarpus, likely driven by environmental pressures and local adaptation. The plastome-based phylogeny confirmed the monophyletic status of Lithocarpus and revealed a phylogeographic pattern indicating limited seed-mediated gene flow in the ancestral lineage. The prevalence of cytonuclear discordance in Lithocarpus and other Fagaceae genera suggests that ancient introgression, incomplete lineage sorting, and asymmetrical seed- and pollen-mediated geneflow might contribute to this discordance. Future studies are essential to test these hypotheses and further elucidate the divergence patterns of this unique Asian evergreen lineage.

Project description:BackgroundThe great species diversity of Lithocarpus is associated with interspecific fruit morphological variation, represented by acorn (AC) and enclosed receptacle (ER) fruit types. Species representing both fruit types co-occur in the same forests and share two distribution centers in southern China and southeastern Asia. The predation selection hypothesis suggests that the fruit morphological mechanical trade-off between two fruit types could represent divergent dispersal strategies under varied predation pressures. By integrating phylogenetic construction with fruit morphometric study, we tried to verify the predation selection hypothesis and elucidate the fruit type evolution of Lithocarpus, which is critical in interpreting the distribution and diversification of the genus.ResultsWe identified the functional trade-off between the two fruit types: ER species have bigger seeds which are enclosed mainly by receptacle representing stronger physical defense; whereas the seeds of AC species are smaller and enclosed mainly by thin pericarp representing lower mechanical protection. Despite some reversals from ER back to AC, the ancestral state reconstruction in combination with thermal analysis supports the hypothesis that ER is the derived fruit type from AC-like ancestors independently across all clades.ConclusionOur results support the predation selection hypothesis by verifying the mechanical trade-off between the two fruit types. We propose a divergent selection theory for the two fruit types: the seed size and mechanical defense of AC species become smaller, whereas those of ER species become larger and require more morphological modifications in the receptacle. This signified the importance of the receptacle in differentiating the two fruit types and in the fruit morphological modification through evolutionary time. We found that the ER-type species evolved independently in all clades and across varied climates from tropical to warm temperate regions. As ER fruits are products of convergent evolution, we propose to examine the predation and dispersal variation between two fruit types in the future to verify whether predation selection is the reason behind fruit type evolution of the stone oaks.

Dataset Information

Morphological and molecular evidence reveals three new species of Lithocarpus (Fagaceae) from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam.

Publications

Morphological and molecular evidence reveals three new species of <i>Lithocarpus</i> (Fagaceae) from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam.

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Dataset Information

Morphological and molecular evidence reveals three new species of Lithocarpus (Fagaceae) from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam.

Publications

﻿Morphological and molecular evidence reveals three new species of <i>Lithocarpus</i> (Fagaceae) from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets

Morphological and molecular evidence reveals three new species of <i>Lithocarpus</i> (Fagaceae) from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam.