Metabolic and Metabolomic Insights Regarding the Omega-3 PUFAs Intake in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Purdel C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8678113 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). This case-control study was done to identify metabolites with different concentrations between T2D patients with and without CAD and to characterise implicated metabolic mechanisms relating to CAD. Fasting serum samples of 57 T2D subjects, 26 with (cases) and 31 without CAD (controls), were targeted for metabolite profiling of 163 metabolites. To assess the association between metabolite levels and CAD, partial least squares (PLS) analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for CAD risk factors and medications were performed. We observed a separation of cases and controls with two classes of metabolites being significantly associated with CAD, including phosphatidylcholines, and serine. Four metabolites being independent from the common CAD risk factors displaying best separation between cases and controls were further selected. Addition of the metabolite concentrations to risk factor analysis raised the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve from 0.72 to 0.88 (p = 0.020), providing improved sensitivity and specificity for CAD classification. Serum phospholipid and serine levels independently discriminate T2D patients with and without CAD. Oxidative stress and reduced antioxidative capacity lead to lower metabolite concentrations probably due to changes in membrane composition and accelerated phospholipid degradation.
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Project description:Diabetes mellitus, a major chronic disease affecting human health, has been increasing in prevalence in recent years. Diabetes mellitus can cause bone metabolic disorders in patients, leading to osteoporosis, a higher risk of traumatic fracture, and other bone diseases. Bone metabolic disorders in the oral cavity principally manifest as periodontitis, loss of alveolar bone, and failure of implant osseointegration. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that there is a complex interaction between bone metabolic disorders and diabetes mellitus. This paper reviews the adverse effects of diabetes on oral bone metabolism disorders such as alveolar osteoporosis and bone loss in patients with periodontitis, discusses the potential mechanisms of diabetic bone loss, and suggests potential ways to prevent and treat oral bone loss in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Project description:ObjectiveThe objective of the current study was to find a metabolic signature associated with the early manifestations of type-2 diabetes mellitus.Research design and methodModern metabolic profiling technology (MxP™ Broad Profiling) was applied to find early alterations in the plasma metabolome of type-2 diabetic patients. The results were validated in an independent study. Eicosanoid and single inon monitoring analysis (MxP™ Eicosanoid and MxP™ SIM analysis) were performed in subsets of samples.ResultsA metabolic signature including significantly increased levels of glyoxylate as a potential novel marker for early detection of type-2 diabetes mellitus was identified in an initial study (Study1). The signature was significantly altered in fasted diabetic and pre-diabetic subjects and in non-fasted subjects up to three years prior to the diagnosis of type-2 diabetes; most alterations were also consistently found in an independent patient group (Study 2). In Study 2 diabetic and most control subjects suffered from heart failure. In Study 1 a subgroup of diabetic subjects, with a history of use of anti-hypertensive medication further showed a more pronounced increase of glyoxylate levels, compared to a non-diabetic control group when tested in a hyperglycemic state. In the context of a prior history of anti-hypertensive medication, alterations in hexosamine and eicosanoid levels were also found.ConclusionA metabolic signature including glyoxylate was associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus, independent of the fasting status and of occurrence of another major disease. The same signature was also found to be associated with pre-diabetic subjects. Glyoxylate levels further showed a specifically strong increase in a subgroup of diabetic subjects. It could represent a new marker for the detection of medical subgroups of diabetic subjects.
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Project description:The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity shows a gradual increase nowadays. Despite the introduction of multiagent treatment modalities, many patients with T2DM still do not have good results. Bariatric/metabolic surgery performed in obese patients to attain weight loss has been shown to improve T2DM. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is another type of diabetes that also shows an increase in prevalence. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the literature about the bariatric/metabolic surgical procedures performed in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
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Project description:Reducing cardiovascular risk (CVR) is the main focus of diabetes mellitus (DM) management nowadays. Complex pathogenic mechanisms that are the subject of this review lead to early and severe atherosclerosis in DM patients. Although it is not a cardiovascular disease equivalent at the moment of diagnosis, DM subjects are affected by numerous cardiovascular complications, such as acute coronary syndrome, stroke, or peripheral artery disease, as the disease duration increases. Therefore, early therapeutic intervention is mandatory and recent guidelines focus on intensive CVR factor management: hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. Most important, the appearance of oral or injectable antidiabetic medication such as SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1 agonists has proven that an antidiabetic drug not only reduces glycaemia, but also reduces CVR by complex mechanisms. A profound understanding of intimate mechanisms that generate atherosclerosis in DM and ways to inhibit or delay them are of the utmost importance in a society where cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are predominant.
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Project description:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are diseases caused by the interaction of genetic and non-genetic factors. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the association between six common genetic polymorphisms and T2DM and MetS in males. A total of 120 T2DM, 75 MetS, and 120 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. ACE ID, eNOS 4a/b, ATR1 A1166C, OXTR (A>G), SOD1 +35A/C, CAT-21A/T gene polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR or PCR-RFLP techniques. T2DM was diagnosed at an earlier age compared to MetS (54 vs 55 years old, p=0.0003) and the difference was greater in carriers of the OXTR G allele (54 vs 56 years old, p=0.0002) or both OXTR G and eNOS b alleles (54 vs 56, p=0.00016). The SOD1 AA genotype (O.R.=0.11, p=0.0006) and the presence of both ACE I and OXTR1 A (O.R.=0.39, p=0.0005) alleles revealed to be protective for T2DM. SOD1 AA and AC genotypes were protective factors for triglyceride (p=0.0002 and p=0.0005, respectively) and HDL cholesterol (p=0.0002 and p=0.0004, respectively) levels in T2DM patients. ACE DD was identified more frequently in hypertensive T2DM patients (O.R.=3.77, p=0.0005) and in those who reported drinking alcohol (p=0.0001) comparing to HC and T2DM patients who did not drink alcohol, respectively. We observed that T2DM patients who reported drinking alcohol had an increased frequency of ACE DD and eNOS bb (p<0.0001), or ACE DD and OXTR G (p<0.0001) compared to non-drinkers. No gene polymorphisms were associated with MetS.
| S-EPMC10413885 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aims/introductionWe aimed to explore novel predictive markers for gestational diabetes mellitus using metabolomic analysis in pregnant Japanese women.Materials and methodsWe carried out a case-control study with a cohort of participants enrolled during the first or early second trimester in the Center of Chiba Unit of the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Participants were classified as either gestational diabetes mellitus cases or matched controls based on age, body mass index and parity. Metabolite levels of their serum and urine obtained randomly before the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus were analyzed using hydrophilic interaction chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis was carried out to investigate metabolome profiles for the different groups. Metabolites with a variable importance in projection value of >1.5 were identified as potential markers.ResultsIn total, 242 participants were enrolled in the study, of which 121 were cases. The R2X, R2Y and Q2 parameters for the discrimination ability of the resulting models were 0.388, 0.492 and 0.45 for serum, and 0.454, 0.674 and 0.483 for urine, respectively. We finally identified three metabolites in serum and 20 in urine as potential biomarkers. Glutamine in serum and ethanolamine and 1,3-diphosphoglycerate in urine showed >0.8 area under the receiver operating characteristic curves.ConclusionsThe present study identified serum and urine metabolites that are possible predictive markers of subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus in Japanese women. Further studies are required to elucidate their efficacy.
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Project description:Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. Metabolic changes due to DASH adherence and their potential relationship with incident T2DM have not been described. The objective is to determine metabolite clusters associated with adherence to a DASH-like diet in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study cohort and explore if the clusters predicted 5-year incidence of T2DM. The current study included 570 non-diabetic multi-ethnic participants aged 40–69 years. Adherence to a DASH-like diet was determined a priori through an eighty-point scale for absolute intakes of the eight DASH food groups. Quantitative measurements of eighty-seven metabolites (acylcarnitines, amino acids, bile acids, sterols and fatty acids) were obtained at baseline. Metabolite clusters related to DASH adherence were determined through partial least squares (PLS) analysis using R. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to explore the associations between metabolite clusters and incident T2DM. A group of acylcarnitines and fatty acids loaded strongly on the two components retained under PLS. Among strongly loading metabolites, a select group of acylcarnitines had over 50 % of their individual variance explained by the PLS model. Component 2 was inversely associated with incident T2DM (OR: 0·89; (95 % CI 0·80, 0·99), P-value = 0·043) after adjustment for demographic and metabolic covariates. Component 1 was not associated with T2DM risk (OR: 1·02; (95 % CI 0·88, 1·19), P-value = 0·74). Adherence to a DASH-type diet may contribute to reduced T2DM risk in part through modulations in acylcarnitine and fatty acid physiology.
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Project description:Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 miRnome
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Project description:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 3-14% of pregnancies, with 20-50% of these women progressing to type 2 diabetes (T2D) within 5 years. This study sought to develop a metabolomics signature to predict the transition from GDM to T2D. A prospective cohort of 1,035 women with GDM pregnancy were enrolled at 6-9 weeks postpartum (baseline) and were screened for T2D annually for 2 years. Of 1,010 women without T2D at baseline, 113 progressed to T2D within 2 years. T2D developed in another 17 women between 2 and 4 years. A nested case-control design used 122 incident case patients matched to non-case patients by age, prepregnancy BMI, and race/ethnicity. We conducted metabolomics with baseline fasting plasma and identified 21 metabolites that significantly differed by incident T2D status. Machine learning optimization resulted in a decision tree modeling that predicted T2D incidence with a discriminative power of 83.0% in the training set and 76.9% in an independent testing set, which is far superior to measuring fasting plasma glucose levels alone. The American Diabetes Association recommends T2D screening in the early postpartum period via oral glucose tolerance testing after GDM, which is a time-consuming and inconvenient procedure. Our metabolomics signature predicted T2D incidence from a single fasting blood sample. This study represents the first metabolomics study of the transition from GDM to T2D validated in an independent testing set, facilitating early interventions.
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