Environmental risk factors for reduced kidney function due to undetermined cause in India: an environmental epidemiologic analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

An epidemic of chronic kidney disease is occurring in rural communities in low-income and middle-income countries that do not share common kidney disease risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension. This chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology occurs primarily in agricultural communities in Central America and South Asia. Consequently, environmental risk factors including heat stress, heavy metals exposure, and low altitude have been hypothesized as risk factors. We conducted an environmental epidemiological analysis investigating these exposures in India which reports the disease.

Methods

We used a random sample population in rural and urban sites in Northern and Southern India in 2010, 2011, and 2014 (n = 11,119). We investigated associations of the heat i

SUBMITTER: Hamilton SA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8683143 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature