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Exploration of RNA-Seq data to identify a potential pathogen of the leaf-mining moth, Stomphastis thraustica (Meyrick, 1908) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae).

ABSTRACT: The leaf-mining moth, Stomphastis thraustica (Meyrick, 1908) was imported to Australia as a potential biological control agent of an exotic weed, bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia), from Peru. The insect colony has been maintained in the quarantine facility for over eight years but recently, significant mortality was observed in the culture. The larvae demonstrated swollen intersegments with a fragile integument. The infected larvae are cloudy muted green or yellowish whereas a healthy late instar larva is a vivid green. They slowly dehydrate and eventually die, at which point the larval body becomes rubbery and turns to black. We used next generation sequencing to identify the cause of mortality in the insects. Total RNA was extracted from 20 larvae in two cohorts, one with and one without apparent symptoms of disease, for deep sequencing on NovaSeq platform after eukaryote ribosomal RNA depletion. We identified several non-insect sequences belonging to viruses, bacteria, and fungi, but none of those showed significant abundance or enrichment in the infected dataset. The sequences related to a unicellular yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and they were among the highly expressed non-insect contigs; more than 5% of reads in both libraries mapped to the genome of this opportunistic microorganism.

SUBMITTER: Etebari K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8685975 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Exploration of RNA-Seq data to identify a potential pathogen of the leaf-mining moth, Stomphastis sp. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Project description:The leaf-mining moth (Stomphastis sp.) was imported to Australia as a potential biological control agent of a weed, Bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia). The insect colony has been maintained in the quarantine facility for over eight years. Recently, significant mortality was observed in the population. The larvae demonstrated swollen intersegments with a fragile integument. The infected larvae are cloudy muted green or yellowish whereas a healthy late instar larva is a vivid green. They slowly dehydrate and eventually die and when death occurs, the larval body becomes rubbery and turns to black. We used next generation sequencing approach to identify the cause of mortality in the population. Total RNA was extracted from 20 larvae in two cohorts with and without apparent symptoms of disease for deep sequencing on NovaSeq platform after eukaryote ribosomal RNA depletion. We identified several non-insect sequences belonging to viruses, bacteria and fungi but none of those showed significant abundance or enrichment in the infected dataset. The sequences related to a unicellular yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are among the highly expressed non-insect contigs and more than 5% of reads in both libraries mapped to the genome of this opportunistic microorganism.

2021-10-16 | GSE185938 | GEO

Oviposition stimulants underlying different preferences between host races in the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae).

Project description:The importance of plant chemistry in the host specialization of phytophagous insects has been emphasized. However, only a few chemicals associated with host shifting have been characterized. Herein, we focus on the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta (Gracillariidae) consisting of ancestral Juglans (Juglandaceae)- and derived Lyonia (Ericaceae)-associated host races. The females of the Lyonia race laid eggs on a cover glass treated with an L. ovalifolia leaf extract; the extract was fractionated using silica gel and ODS column chromatography to isolate the oviposition stimulants. From a separated fraction, two analogous Lyonia-specific triterpenoid glycosides were characterized as oviposition stimulants. Furthermore, we observed probable contact chemosensilla on the distal portion of the female antennae. Lyonia race females laid their eggs on the non-host Juglans after the leaves were treated with a Lyonia-specific oviposition stimulant, although they do not lay eggs on Juglans. These results suggest that Lyonia race females do not lay eggs on Juglans leaves because the leaves do not contain specific oviposition stimulant(s). Otherwise, the activity of the oviposition stimulants overcomes oviposition deterrents contained in Juglans leaves. This paper describes the roles of plant chemicals in the different preferences between host races associated with distantly related plant taxa.

| S-EPMC9411557 | biostudies-literature

Exploration of RNA-Seq data to identify a potential pathogen of the leaf-mining moth, Stomphastis sp. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Project description:Exploration of RNA-Seq data to identify a potential pathogen of the leaf-mining moth, Stomphastis sp. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

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A new genus and species of leaf-mining moth from the French Alps, Mercantouria neli gen. n., sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae).

Project description:The Alps are a hotspot of biodiversity in Europe with many Lepidoptera species still to be discovered. Here we describe a new gracillariid genus and species, Mercantouria neli gen. n. and sp. n. The morphology of the male genitalia is highly differentiated with unique features. DNA barcodes show that its nearest neighbor is the North American species 'Caloptilia' scutellariella (Braun, 1923). Mercantouria neli is known from four adults (two males and two females) collected at two localities in the French Alps. Its host plant and life cycle remain unknown.

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Origin of gall-inducing from leaf-mining in Caloptilia micromoths (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae).

Project description:In insects, the gall-inducing life-style has evolved independently many times. Several evolutionary pathways leading to this lifestyle have been proposed. While there is compelling evidence supporting surface-feeders and stem-borers as ancestral states of insect gall-inducers, an evolutionary pathway from leaf-miners remains hypothetical. Here we explored this question by comparing the developmental processes of two micromoths, a gall-inducer Caloptilia cecidophora (Lep., Gracillariidae), and its non-gall-inducing relative C. ryukyuensis. Like other Caloptilia, the first and second instars of C. cecidophora are leaf-miners and the gall is initiated inside the leaf mine by the third instar, thus suggesting leaf-mining as an ancestral, plesiomorphic state in this case. This is the first example of an insect species switching from leaf-mining to gall-inducing during larval development. The first two leaf-mining instars of C. cecidophora exhibit an absence of growth and a reduced time duration compared to C. ryukyuensis. The shortening of the duration of leaf-mining stages is apparently compensated in C. cecidophora by a larger egg size than C. ryukyuensis, and an additional larval instar during the gall phase.

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A new leaf-mining moth from New Zealand, Sabulopteryxbotanica sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae), feeding on the rare endemic shrub Teucriumparvifolium (Lamiaceae), with a revised checklist of New Zealand Gracillariidae.

Project description:Sabulopteryxbotanica Hoare & Patrick, sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Gracillariinae) is described as a new species from New Zealand. It is regarded as endemic, and represents the first record of its genus from the southern hemisphere. Though diverging in some morphological features from previously described species, it is placed in genus Sabulopteryx Triberti, based on wing venation, abdominal characters, male and female genitalia and hostplant choice; this placement is supported by phylogenetic analysis based on the COI mitochondrial gene. The life history is described: the larva is an underside leaf-miner on the endemic divaricating shrub Teucriumparvifolium (Lamiaceae), and exits the mine to pupate in a cocoon in a folded leaf of the host plant. The remarkable history of the discovery and rediscovery of this moth is discussed: for many years it was only known from a single sap-feeding larva found in a leaf-mine in a pressed herbarium specimen of the host. The adult was discovered by BHP in Christchurch Botanic Gardens in 2013. Most distribution records of the moth come from a recent search for mines and cocoons on herbarium specimens of T.parvifolium. Sabulopteryxbotanica has high conservation status, and is regarded as 'Nationally Vulnerable' according to the New Zealand Department of Conservation threat classification system, based on the rarity and declining status of its host plant. However, the presence of apparently thriving populations of S.botanica on cultivated plants of T.parvifolium, especially at the type locality, Christchurch Botanic Gardens, suggests that encouraging cultivation of the plant could greatly improve the conservation status of the moth. A revised checklist of New Zealand Gracillariidae is presented, assigning all species to the currently recognised subfamilies. The Australian Macarostolaida (Meyrick, 1880) is newly recorded from New Zealand (Auckland), where it is established on Eucalyptus.

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Project description:Three new species of Epicephala Meyrick, 1880 are described based on specimens reared from fruits of Phyllanthusmicrocarpus (Benth.): Epicephalamicrocarpa sp. n. and Epicephalalaeviclada sp. n. from Guangxi and Hainan, and Epicephalatertiaria sp. n. from Guangdong and Guangxi. Photographs of adults and illustrations of genital structures are provided.

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Hawaiian Philodoria (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Ornixolinae) leaf mining moths on Myrsine (Primulaceae): two new species and biological data.

Project description:This paper provides new taxonomic and biological data on a complex of gracillariid moths in the endemic genus Philodoria Walsingham, 1907 that are associated with Myrsine (Primulaceae) in the Hawaiian Islands, United States. Two new species, Philodoria kauaulaensis Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara, sp. n. (host: Myrsine lanaiensis, M. lessertiana, and M. sandwicensis) and P. kolea Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara, sp. n. (host: M. lessertiana) are described. Biological data are provided for two previously described species that also feed on Myrsine: P. auromagnifica Walsingham, 1907 and P. succedanea Walsingham, 1907. For the first time we detail and illustrate genital structures, immature stages, biology, and host plants of P. auromagnifica and P. succedanea. Philodoria kolea, P. auromagnifica, and P. succedanea occur in sympatry on the island of Hawaii (Big Island), but each species differs in behavioral characters: P. kolea utilizes leaves of seedlings and forms a serpentine mine, whereas the latter two utilize leaves of larger plants, and form linear or serpentine to blotch mines. More broadly, leaf mine forms and diagnostic characteristics of the Myrsine-feeding species complex of Philodoria (as currently known) are reviewed and illustrated.

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Increased gene sampling strengthens support for higher-level groups within leaf-mining moths and relatives (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae).

Project description: Not available

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Four new species and seven new records of Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera, Oecophoridae) from Laos.

Project description:The genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 is recorded for the first time from Laos in mainland Southeast Asia and four new species are described: P. crassa sp. nov., P. retusa sp. nov., P. senispina sp. nov., and P. uniclavata sp. nov. Additionally, seven species are newly reported from the country: P. albisquama Kim & Park, P. apicisetifera Du & Wang, P. bitrigona Kim & Park, P. zolotuhini Lvovsky, P. parasuzukiella Wang, P. suzukiella (Matsumura), and P. spiraliola Kim. Distributional data and diagnoses and/or descriptions for all species in Laos are provided, along with illustrations of adults and genitalia.

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