Dataset Information

Effect of breastfeeding for 6 months on disease outcomes in patients with Kawasaki disease.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systematic vasculitis that occurs predominantly in young children, and is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children younger than five-years-old in developed countries. Although the etiology of KD is unknown, it is believed to be an inflammatory disease resulting from abnormal immune responses to possible environmental or infectious stimuli in genetically predisposed individuals. Breast milk contains numerous anti-inflammatory factors which may protect against allergic and autoimmune diseases. In this study we tried to examine the effect of breastfeeding for 6 months or more on disease outcomes in patients with Kawasaki disease.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of 249 KD patients admitted from 1999- 2013 who were older than 6 months at time of diagnosis and had data regarding breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data was collected by chart review. Continuous data was compared using Student's t-test and categorical variables were compared using Chi-square. Stepwise multivariate regression of all demographic factors was performed.

Results

Breastfeeding for 6 months or more was associated with a shorter total duration of fever (5.980± 1.405 Vs. 6.910 ± 2.573 days, p = 0.001) and a lower risk of developing persistent coronary artery lesions (CALs) (7.8% Vs. 20.2%, p-value = 0.039) on univariate analysis. Multivariate regression of all factors associated with CALs including breastfeeding for 6 months found that only the presence of CALs at baseline (β-coefficient = 0.065, p < 0.001) and white blood count (β-coefficient = 0.065, p = 0.018) remained significant after regression analysis.

Conclusions

Breastfeeding for 6 months or more was associated with a shorter duration of fever and a lower risk of persistent CAL formation in patients with KD on univariate analysis, although this effect may be modest when other factors such as the presence of CALs at baseline and white blood cell count are also taken into consideration.

SUBMITTER: Guo MM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8691627 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is one of the most common vasculitis in childhood. Intravenous γ-immunoglobulin (IVIG) is recommended to be administrated within 10 days after fever onset. However, some patients didn't have IVIG therapies because of atypical disease presentations or spontaneous defervescence. We aimed to evaluate the coronary outcomes of the KD patients who didn't receive IVIG and had defervescence within 10 days. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the KD patients in NTUCH between 2008 and 2015. The patients with a diagnosis of KD and had a febrile length between 5 and 10 days were enrolled. Days of fever, clinical symptoms, laboratory data at the acute stage, and series of coronary artery measurements within a minimum of 3 months after disease onset were recorded. Risk factors associated with coronary lesions 1 month after KD onset were also analyzed. Results: Two hundred ninety-three eligible KD patients were enrolled (Male: 55.1%, mean age of onset: 1.8 years old). Thirty-seven patients had spontaneous defervescence without IVIG treatment. The incidence of coronary aneurysms at the 4th week after disease onset was higher in spontaneously defervesced KD patients than those treated with IVIG (18.9% vs. 5.1%, p = 0.002). Interestingly, of the 238 KD patients without coronary lesions at their acute phase, percentages of emerging coronary aneurysms became significantly higher if they didn't have IVIG therapies due to spontaneous defervescence (4/31), compared with those who received IVIG (3/208). Further analysis showed the development of coronary lesions at 1 month after disease onset was associated with younger age (<12 months old, p = 0.024), and leukocytosis (WBC > 17,000/cumm, p = 0.031). Conclusions: 18.9% of KD patients with spontaneous defervescence had coronary aneurysms. Even without initial coronary lesions, such patients were still riskier to develop coronary aneurysms, compared with KD patients who received IVIG therapies. Such findings address the importance of refining the strategy for use of IVIG in the spontaneously defervesced KD patients within 10 days after fever onset, at least in those with age younger than 1 year and those with leukocytosis.