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Differential analysis of the bacterial community in colostrum samples from women with gestational diabetes mellitus and obesity.

ABSTRACT: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and obesity affect the functioning of multiple maternal systems and influence colonization of the newborn gastrointestinal through the breastmilk microbiota (BMM). It is currently unclear how GDM and obesity affect the human BMM composition. Here, we applied 16S-rRNA high-throughput sequencing to human colostrum milk to characterize BMM taxonomic changes in a cohort of 43 individuals classified in six subgroups according to mothers patho-physiological conditions (healthy control (n = 18), GDM (n = 13), or obesity (n = 12)) and newborn gender. Using various diversity indicators, including Shannon/Faith phylogenetic index and UniFrac/robust Aitchison distances, we evidenced that BMM composition was influenced by the infant gender in the obesity subgroup. In addition, the GDM group presented higher microbial diversity compared to the control group. Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium 1, Anaerococcus and Prevotella were overrepresented in colostrum from women with either obesity or GDM, compared to control samples. Finally, Rhodobacteraceae was distinct for GDM and 5 families (Bdellovibrionaceae, Halomonadaceae, Shewanellaceae, Saccharimonadales and Vibrionaceae) were distinct for obesity subgroups with an absolute effect size greater than 1 and a q-value ≤ 0.05. This study represents the first effort to describe the impact of maternal GDM and obesity on BMM.

SUBMITTER: Gamez-Valdez JS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8692321 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:OBJECTIVES: To assess the maternal and fetal complications of pregnancy in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared with non-diabetic patients who delivered in the hospital during the study period. METHODS: The outcome of pregnancy in 220 Saudi patients with GDM identified from the delivery register/hospital database and matched for age, parity and body mass index with 220 non-diabetic controls were studied retrospectively from their case files. Patients with multiple pregnancies and abnormal presentation of the fetus were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The GDM patients were treated with either diet alone or with additional insulin in some patients who required better control of their blood sugar levels. Patients with GDM had a significantly higher incidence of pre-eclampsia (p<0.0001); preterm delivery (p=0.0226); induction of labor (p<0.0001); cesarean section (p=0.0019); higher mean birth weight (p<0.0001) of babies; large for gestational age infants (p=0.0011); macrosomia (p=0.0186); and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (p=0.0003), compared with the control group. However, the rates of Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes, respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia and the need for phototherapy were similar in both groups of patients. Congenital anomalies and perinatal mortality rates were not significantly different in the two groups. CONCLUSION: GDM is recognized to be associated with increased rates of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, which are supported by the findings of this study. Even the mild form of GDM seems to have significant consequences for women and their offspring and is recommended to be aggressively treated. Evidence suggests that early diagnosis and strict control of blood sugar levels throughout the pregnancy can significantly reduce maternal and fetal complications. A multicenter, randomized controlled trial, based on universally accepted criteria for GDM screening test, standardized diagnostic OGTT and management of all patients with GDM versus the standard obstetric management of the control is warranted.

Project description:Objectives To perceive the temporal features of breast milk proteome between women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and healthy controls across various lactation periods, as well as to explore the potential impacts of these differences on the growth of offspring. Methods The study cohort included twenty mothers with GDM and twenty healthy mothers. Human milk samples were obtained at four distinct time points: colostrum (4-6 days postpartum), transitional milk (12-14 days postpartum), early mature milk (42 days postpartum) and mature milk (4 months postpartum). Shotgun proteomics with label free quantification was applied to analyze the milk proteome. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, alongside other bioinfomatic tools were conducted to elucidate the function of differentially expressed proteins. Subsequently, a random forest model was utilized to discern proteins that could reliably differentiate milk samples from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) from those of healthy counterparts. Furthermore, correlative analysis was employed to investigate the association between these proteins and the anthropometric indices of infants. Results Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed distinct separations in the milk proteome of GDM and healthy mothers during the initial lactation stages, with these differences diminishing over time. The up-regulated proteins in GDM were predominantly associated with the innate immune system, complement and coagulation cascades, cellular secretion, enzymatic and binding activity, and platelet activation. Six proteins were identified as effective markers for distinguishing milk samples from the two groups, with an average area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.91. Twenty-eight proteins exhibited consistent changes between GDM and healthy groups across at least two lactation stages, many of which were significantly correlated to the anthropometric indices of the offsprings. Conclusions GDM significantly influences the milk proteome, with the extent of alteration diminishing as lactation progresses into the mature milk phase.

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Differential analysis of the bacterial community in colostrum samples from women with gestational diabetes mellitus and obesity.

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