Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

0 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Quantum conformance test.

ABSTRACT: We introduce a protocol addressing the conformance test problem, which consists in determining whether a process under test conforms to a reference one. We consider a process to be characterized by the set of end products it produces, which is generated according to a given probability distribution. We formulate the problem in the context of hypothesis testing and consider the specific case in which the objects can be modeled as pure loss channels. We demonstrate theoretically that a simple quantum strategy, using readily available resources and measurement schemes in the form of two-mode squeezed vacuum and photon counting, can outperform any classical strategy. We experimentally implement this protocol, exploiting optical twin beams, validating our theoretical results, and demonstrating that, in this task, there is a quantum advantage in a realistic setting.

SUBMITTER: Ortolano G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8694592 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Publications

Quantum conformance test.

Ortolano Giuseppe G Boucher Pauline P Degiovanni Ivo Pietro IP Losero Elena E Genovese Marco M Ruo-Berchera Ivano I

Science advances 20211222 52

We introduce a protocol addressing the conformance test problem, which consists in determining whether a process under test conforms to a reference one. We consider a process to be characterized by the set of end products it produces, which is generated according to a given probability distribution. We formulate the problem in the context of hypothesis testing and consider the specific case in which the objects can be modeled as pure loss channels. We demonstrate theoretically that a simple quan ...[more]

PMID: 34936447

Similar Datasets

Scalable process discovery and conformance checking.

Project description:Considerable amounts of data, including process events, are collected and stored by organisations nowadays. Discovering a process model from such event data and verification of the quality of discovered models are important steps in process mining. Many discovery techniques have been proposed, but none of them combines scalability with strong quality guarantees. We would like such techniques to handle billions of events or thousands of activities, to produce sound models (without deadlocks and other anomalies), and to guarantee that the underlying process can be rediscovered when sufficient information is available. In this paper, we introduce a framework for process discovery that ensures these properties while passing over the log only once and introduce three algorithms using the framework. To measure the quality of discovered models for such large logs, we introduce a model-model and model-log comparison framework that applies a divide-and-conquer strategy to measure recall, fitness, and precision. We experimentally show that these discovery and measuring techniques sacrifice little compared to other algorithms, while gaining the ability to cope with event logs of 100,000,000 traces and processes of 10,000 activities on a standard computer.

| S-EPMC5910523 | biostudies-literature

Experimental test of quantum causal influences.

Project description:Since Bell's theorem, it is known that local realism fails to explain quantum phenomena. Bell inequality violations manifestly show the incompatibility of quantum theory with classical notions of cause and effect. As recently found, however, the instrumental scenario-a pivotal tool in causal inference-allows for nonclassicality signatures going beyond this paradigm. If we are not limited to observational data and can intervene in our setup, then we can witness quantum violations of classical bounds on the causal influence among the involved variables even when no Bell-like violation is possible. That is, through interventions, the quantum behavior of a system that would seem classical can be demonstrated. Using a photonic setup-faithfully implementing the instrumental causal structure and switching between observation and intervention run by run-we experimentally witness such a nonclassicality. We also test quantum bounds for the causal influence, showing that they provide a reliable tool for quantum causal modeling.

| S-EPMC8880765 | biostudies-literature

A novel trace-based sampling method for conformance checking.

Project description:It is crucial for organizations to ensure that their business processes are executed accurately and comply with internal policies and requirements. Process mining is a discipline of data science that exploits business process execution data to analyze and improve business processes. It provides a data-driven approach to understanding how processes actually work in practice. Conformance checking is one of the three most relevant process mining tasks. It consists of determining the degree of correspondence or deviation between the expected (or modeled) behavior of a process vs the real one observed and revealed from the historical events recorded in an event log during the execution of each instance of the process. Under a big data scenario, traditional conformance checking methods struggle to analyzing the instances or traces in large event logs, increasing the associated computational cost. In this article, we study and address the conformance-checking task supported by a traces selection approach that uses representative sample data of the event log and thus reduces the processing time and computational cost without losing confidence in the obtained conformance value. As main contributions, we present a novel conformance checking method that (i) takes into account the data dispersion that exists in the event log data using a statistic measure, (ii) determines the size of the representative sample of the event log for the conformance checking task, and (iii) establishes selection criteria of traces based on the dispersion level. The method was validated and evaluated using fitness, precision, generalization, and processing time metrics by experiments on three actual event logs in the health domain and two synthetic event logs. The experimental evaluation and results revealed the effectiveness of our method in coping with the problem of conformance between a process model and its corresponding large event log.

| S-EPMC11784717 | biostudies-literature

Comparison of crystal structure and DFT calculations of triferrocenyl trithiophosphite's conformance.

Project description:A triferrocenyl trithiophosphite was studied by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Triferrocenyl trithiophosphite has nine axes of internal rotation: three P-S bonds, three C-S bonds and three Fe-cyclopentadienyl axes. Rotation around the P-S bonds results in a totally asymmetric structure with three ferrocenylthio groups exhibiting different orientations towards the phosphorus lone electron pair (LEP). A comparison of DFT calculations and X-ray diffraction data is presented, herein we show which conformations are preferred for a given ligand.

| S-EPMC9643052 | biostudies-literature

Conformance Control in Oil Reservoirs by Citric Acid-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles.

Project description:Reservoir conformance control methods may significantly improve enhanced oil recovery technologies through reduced water production and profile correction. Excessive water production in oil and gas reservoirs leads to severe problems. Water shutoff and conformance control are, therefore, financially and environmentally advantageous for the petroleum industry. In this paper, water shutoff performance of citric acid-coated magnetite (CACM) and hematite nanoparticles (NPs) as well as polyacrylamide polymer solution in a heterogeneous and homogeneous two-dimensional micromodel is compared. A facile one-step technique is used to synthesize the CACM NPs. The NPs, which are reusable, easily prepared, and environmentally friendly, are characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffraction. The results confirm uniform spherical Fe3O4 NPs of an average diameter of 40 nm, well coated with citric acid. CACM NPs provide a high pressure drop coupled with an acceptable resistance factor and residual resistance factor owing to NP arrangement into a solid-/gel-like structure in the presence of a magnetic field. A resistance factor and a residual resistance factor of 3.5 and 2.14, respectively, were achieved for heavy oil and the heterogeneous micromodel. This structure contributed to an appreciable plugging efficiency. CACM NPs respond to ∼1000 G of magnetic field intensity and display a constant resistance factor at intensities between 4500 and 6000 G. CACM NPs act as a gel, forming a solid-/gel-like structure, which moves toward the magnetic field and thereby shuts off the produced water and increases the oil fraction. The findings of this study suggest the ability to shut off water production using specially designed magnetic field-responsive smart fluids. The application would require innovative design of field equipment.

| S-EPMC8028153 | biostudies-literature

Single-photon test of hyper-complex quantum theories using a metamaterial.

Project description:In standard quantum mechanics, complex numbers are used to describe the wavefunction. Although this has so far proven sufficient to predict experimental results, there is no theoretical reason to choose them over real numbers or generalizations of complex numbers, that is, hyper-complex numbers. Experiments performed to date have proven that real numbers are insufficient, but the need for hyper-complex numbers remains an open question. Here we experimentally probe hyper-complex quantum theories, studying one of their deviations from complex quantum theory: the non-commutativity of phases. We do so by passing single photons through a Sagnac interferometer containing both a metamaterial with a negative refractive index, and a positive phase shifter. To accomplish this we engineered a fishnet metamaterial to have a negative refractive index at 780 nm. We show that the metamaterial phase commutes with other phases with high precision, allowing us to place limits on a particular prediction of hyper-complex quantum theories.

| S-EPMC5413945 | biostudies-literature

Using a quantum work meter to test non-equilibrium fluctuation theorems.

Project description:Work is an essential concept in classical thermodynamics, and in the quantum regime, where the notion of a trajectory is not available, its definition is not trivial. For driven (but otherwise isolated) quantum systems, work can be defined as a random variable, associated with the change in the internal energy. The probability for the different values of work captures essential information describing the behaviour of the system, both in and out of thermal equilibrium. In fact, the work probability distribution is at the core of "fluctuation theorems" in quantum thermodynamics. Here we present the design and implementation of a quantum work meter operating on an ensemble of cold atoms, which are controlled by an atom chip. Our device not only directly measures work but also directly samples its probability distribution. We demonstrate the operation of this new tool and use it to verify the validity of the quantum Jarzynksi identity.

| S-EPMC5665923 | biostudies-literature

Conformance of a 3T radiotherapy MRI scanner to the QIBA Diffusion Profile.

Project description:PurposeTo assess the technical performance of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on a dedicated 3T radiotherapy scanner, using a standardized phantom and sequences. Investigations into factors that could impact the technical performance of ADC in the clinic were also completed, including changing the slice-encoded imaging direction and the reference sample ADC value.MethodsADC acquisitions were performed monthly on an isotropic diffusion phantom over 1 year. Measurements of ADC %bias, coefficients of variation for short-/long-term repeatability and precision (CVST /CVLT and CVP ), and b-value dependency (Depb ) were calculated. The measurements were then assessed according to the Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Alliance (QIBA) Diffusion Profile specifications.ResultsThe average of all measurements over the year was within Profile recommended ranges. This included when testing was performed in different imaging directions, and on samples that had different ADC reference values (0.4-1.1 μm2 /ms). Results in the axial plane for the central water vial included a bias of +0.05%, CVST /CVLT /CVP = 0.1%/ 0.9%/0.4% and Depb = 0.4%.ConclusionsThe technical performance of ADC on a radiotherapy dedicated MRI scanner over the course of 12 months was considered conformant to the QIBA Profile. Quantifying these metrics and factors that may affect the performance is essential in progressing the use of ADC clinically: ensuring that the observed change of ADC in a tissue is due to a physiological response and not measurement variability.

| S-EPMC9543906 | biostudies-literature

A new method of sweat testing: the CF Quantum®sweat test.

Project description:BackgroundConventional methods of sweat testing are time consuming and have many steps that can and do lead to errors. This study compares conventional sweat testing to a new quantitative method, the CF Quantum® (CFQT) sweat test. This study tests the diagnostic accuracy and analytic validity of the CFQT.MethodsPreviously diagnosed CF patients and patients who required a sweat test for clinical indications were invited to have the CFQT test performed. Both conventional sweat testing and the CFQT were performed bilaterally on the same day. Pairs of data from each test are plotted as a correlation graph and Bland-Altman plot. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated as well as the means and coefficient of variation by test and by extremity. After completing the study, subjects or their parents were asked for their preference of the CFQT and conventional sweat testing.ResultsThe correlation coefficient between the CFQT and conventional sweat testing was 0.98 (95% confidence interval: 0.97-0.99). The sensitivity and specificity of the CFQT in diagnosing CF was 100% (95% confidence interval: 94-100%) and 96% (95% confidence interval: 89-99%), respectively. In one center in this three center multicenter study, there were higher sweat chloride values in patients with CF and also more tests that were invalid due to discrepant values between the two extremities. The percentage of invalid tests was higher in the CFQT method (16.5%) compared to conventional sweat testing (3.8%) (p < 0.001). In the post-test questionnaire, 88% of subjects/parents preferred the CFQT test.ConclusionsThe CFQT is a fast and simple method of quantitative sweat chloride determination. This technology requires further refinement to improve the analytic accuracy at higher sweat chloride values and to decrease the number of invalid tests.

| S-EPMC4510978 | biostudies-literature

Optical experiment to test negative probability in context of quantum-measurement selection.

Project description:Negative probability values have been widely employed as an indicator of the nonclassicality of quantum systems. Known as a quasiprobability distribution, they are regarded as a useful tool that provides significant insight into the underlying fundamentals of quantum theory when compared to the classical statistics. However, in this approach, an operational interpretation of these negative values with respect to the definition of probability-the relative frequency of occurred event-is missing. An alternative approach is therefore considered where the quasiprobability operationally reveals the negativity of measured quantities. We here present an experimental realization of the operational quasiprobability, which consists of sequential measurements in time. To this end, we implement two sets of polarization measurements of single photons. We find that the measured negativity can be interpreted in the context of selecting measurements, and it reflects the nonclassical nature of photons. Our results suggest a new operational way to unravel the nonclassicality of photons in the context of measurement selection.

| S-EPMC6910950 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data