Dataset Information

The Incidence Rate and Risk Factors of Malignancy in Elderly-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Chinese Cohort Study From 1998 to 2020.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of cancer. However, the risk of malignancy in patients with elderly-onset IBD (≥60 years) remains controversial. Hence, we aimed to identify and compare the dissimilarities in morbidity and related risk factors between patients with elderly-onset and adult-onset (18-59 years) IBD in a Chinese cohort.

Methods

Patients with confirmed IBD, diagnosed at age ≥18 years, between January 1998 and December 2020 at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled. The yearly incidence rates (IRs) for cancer were calculated, and the characteristics were analyzed in these patients.

Results

A total of 1,480 patients suffering from adult-onset IBD and 129 patients suffering from elderly-onset IBD with a median follow-up period of 4.9 years and 4.8 years, respectively, were included. Patients in the elderly-onset IBD group demonstrated an increased overall incidence of cancer than that demonstrated by patients in the adult-onset group (IR 26.9 versus 9.51, respectively, per 1,000 person-years; relative risk [RR], 2.83). Colorectal cancer was the most common malignancy in the two groups, and patients suffering from elderly-onset IBD demonstrated a higher incidence of the malignancy (IR, 7.07 versus 3.34, respectively, per 1,000 person-years; RR, 2.12). Among the extraintestinal cancers, hematological malignancies and urinary tract cancers (including renal and urinary bladder carcinoma) were common in the elderly-onset group (IR, 4.24 and 4.24 per 1,000 person-years, respectively), whereas thyroid cancer was more common in the adult-onset group (IR, 1.36 per 1,000 person-years). Analysis of clinical characteristics revealed that patients with elderly-onset IBD who developed cancer were more likely to have diabetes and urinary lithiasis (p = 0.041 and 0.035, respectively). In addition, patients in the elderly-onset group had a shorter course from IBD to cancer, less exposure to immunosuppressants, less extraintestinal manifestations, and higher cancer-related mortality. Cox proportional risk regression analysis in the elderly-onset IBD group revealed that diabetes was an independent risk factor for the progression to cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 12.53 [2.379-65.994], P = 0.003).

Conclusion

The risk of malignancy in patients suffering from elderly-onset IBD increased significantly as compared with those with adult-onset disease. Therefore, cancer monitoring should be initiated earlier for patients in the elderly-onset group.

SUBMITTER: Wang Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8695610 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Background & aimsThe incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in older adults is increasing. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate progression of elderly onset (EO) IBD in population-based cohorts and compared it with adult onset (AO) IBD.MethodsIn a systematic review through June 1, 2019, we identified population-based cohort studies of EO IBD reporting the cumulative risk of hospitalization, surgery, mortality, treatment patterns, escalation, and/or malignancy. Data were synthesized using random-effects meta-analysis as cumulative risk of events at 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years, and compared with data from patients with AO IBD in the same cohorts.ResultsWe identified 9 studies, comprising 14,765 patients with EO IBD. In patients with EO Crohn's disease (CD), the cumulative 5-year risk of surgery was 22.6% (95% CI, 18.7-27.2) and was similar to that of patients with AO CD (relative risk [RR], 1.04; 95% CI, 0.80-1.34). Overall exposure to corticosteroids was comparable between patients with EO CD vs AO CD (5-year risk: 55.4%; 95% CI, 53.4-57.4; RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78-1.00), but exposure to immunomodulators (31.5%; 95% CI, 29.7-33.4; RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.51-0.77) or biologic agents (6.5%; 95% CI, 5.6-7.6; RR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.25-0.52) was significantly lower for patients with EO CD than for patients with AO CD. Similarly, in patients with EO ulcerative colitis (UC), the cumulative 5-year risk of surgery was 7.8% (95% CI, 5.0-12.0), similar to the risk for patients with AO UC (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.79-2.11). Overall exposure to corticosteroids was comparable between patients with EO UC vs AO UC (5-year risk: 57.2%; 95% CI, 55.6-58.7; RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.91-1.06), but exposure to immunomodulators (16.1%; 95% CI, 15.0-17.2; RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.54-0.62) or biologic agents (2.0%; 95% CI, 1.6-2.5; RR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.24-0.52) was significantly lower for patients with EO UC than for patients with AO UC. Patients with EO IBD appeared to have increased mortality, but not malignancy, compared with the general population. There were few data on comorbidities or adverse effects of medications.ConclusionsIn a systematic review and meta-analysis, we found that patients with EO IBD have a similar risk of surgery as patients with AO IBD. However, patients with EO IBD are less likely to receive treatment with immunomodulators or biologic agents.