Dataset Information

Are Wealthier Times Healthier in Cities? Economic Fluctuations and Mortality in Urban Areas of Latin America.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the relationship between economic conditions and mortality in cities of Latin America. Methods: We analyzed data from 340 urban areas in ten countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Peru, and El Salvador. We used panel models adjusted for space-invariant and time-invariant factors to examine whether changes in area gross domestic product (GDP) per capita were associated with changes in mortality. Results: We find procyclical oscillations in mortality (i.e., higher mortality with higher GDP per capita) for total mortality, female population, populations of 0-9 and 45+ years, mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, malignant neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, respiratory infections and road traffic injuries. Homicides appear countercyclical, with higher levels at lower GDP per capita. Conclusions: Our results reveal large heterogeneity, but in our sample of cities, for specific population groups and causes of death, mortality oscillates procyclically, increasing when GDP per capita increases. In contrast we find few instances of countercyclical mortality.

SUBMITTER: Leveau CM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8696345 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Are Wealthier Times Healthier in Cities? Economic Fluctuations and Mortality in Urban Areas of Latin America.

Leveau Carlos Marcelo CM Tapia Granados José A JA Dos Santos Maria Izabel MI Castillo-Riquelme Marianela M Alazraqui Marcio M

International journal of public health 20211209

Objective: To analyze the relationship between economic conditions and mortality in cities of Latin America. Methods: We analyzed data from 340 urban areas in ten countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Peru, and El Salvador. We used panel models adjusted for space-invariant and time-invariant factors to examine whether changes in area gross domestic product (GDP) per capita were associated with changes in mortality. Results: We ...[more]

PMID: 34955702

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Project description:Ambient air pollution is a health concern in Latin America given its large urban population exposed to levels above recommended guidelines. Yet no studies have examined the mortality impact of air pollutants in the region across a wide range of cities. We assessed whether short-term levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from modeled estimates, are associated with cardiovascular and respiratory mortality among adults in 337 cities from 9 Latin American countries. We compiled mortality, PM2.5 and temperature data for the period 2009-2015. For each city, we evaluated the association between monthly changes in PM2.5 and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality for sex and age subgroups using Poisson models, adjusted for seasonality, long-term trend, and temperature. To accommodate possibly different associations of mortality with PM2.5 by age, we included interaction terms between changes in PM2.5 and age in the models. We combined the city-specific estimates using a random effects meta-regression to obtain mortality relative risks for each sex and age group. We analyzed 3,026,861 and 1,222,623 cardiovascular and respiratory deaths, respectively, from a study population that represents 41 % of the total population of Latin America. We observed that a 10 μg/m3 increase in monthly PM2.5 is associated with an increase of 1.3 % (95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.4 to 2.2) in cardiovascular mortality and a 0.9 % increase (95 % CI -0.6 to 2.4) in respiratory mortality. Increases in mortality risk ranged between -0.5 % to 3.0 % across 6 sex-age groups, were larger in men, and demonstrated stronger associations with cardiovascular mortality as age increased. Socioeconomic, environmental and health contexts in Latin America are different than those present in higher income cities from which most evidence on air pollution impacts is drawn. Locally generated evidence constitutes a powerful instrument to engage civil society and help drive actions to mitigate and control ambient air pollution.

Dataset Information

Are Wealthier Times Healthier in Cities? Economic Fluctuations and Mortality in Urban Areas of Latin America.

Publications

Are Wealthier Times Healthier in Cities? Economic Fluctuations and Mortality in Urban Areas of Latin America.

Similar Datasets

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