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Effects of Melatonin Supplementation during Pregnancy on Reproductive Performance, Maternal-Placental-Fetal Redox Status, and Placental Mitochondrial Function in a Sow Model.

ABSTRACT: Melatonin (MT) is a bio-antioxidant that has been widely used to prevent pregnancy complications, such as pre-eclampsia and IUGR during gestation. This experiment evaluated the impacts of dietary MT supplementation during pregnancy on reproductive performance, maternal-placental-fetal redox status, placental inflammatory response, and mitochondrial function, and sought a possible underlying mechanism in the placenta. Sixteen fifth parity sows were divided into two groups and fed each day of the gestation period either a control diet or a diet that was the same but for 36 mg of MT. The results showed that dietary supplementation with MT increased placental weight, while the percentage of piglets born with weight < 900 g decreased. Meanwhile, serum and placental MT levels, maternal-placental-fetal redox status, and placental inflammatory response were increased by MT. In addition, dietary MT markedly increased the mRNA levels of nutrient transporters and antioxidant-related genes involved in the Nrf2/ARE pathway in the placenta. Furthermore, dietary MT significantly increased ATP and NAD⁺ levels, relative mtDNA content, and the protein expression of Sirt1 in the placenta. These results suggested that MT supplementation during gestation could improve maternal-placental-fetal redox status and reproductive performance by ameliorating placental antioxidant status, inflammatory response, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

SUBMITTER: Peng X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8698367 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Although n-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) has been shown to efficiently alleviate oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and alter gut microbiota, little attention has been focused on their interactions with placental metabolic status of sows. The effects of NAC on the placental redox status, function, inflammasome, and fecal microbiota in sows were explored to clarify the correlation between the fecal microbiota and placenta. Sows were divided into either the control group or the NAC group which received dietary 0.5% NAC supplementation from day 85 of gestation to delivery. Plasma redox status, placental growth factors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, fecal microbial metabolites, and communities were evaluated. Compared with the control group, although NAC did not ameliorate reproductive performance of sows (P > 0.05), it significantly improved maternal-placental health, which was accompanied by increased activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), decreased level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and lowered expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome (P < 0.05). Additionally, NAC significantly increased placental insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and E-cadherin contents (P < 0.05), elevated the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis and amino acids transporters (P < 0.05), and decreased the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B) and Beclin-1 protein expression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, NAC increased the relative abundances of fecal Prevotella, Clostridium cluster XIVa, and Roseburial/Eubacterium rectale (P < 0.05), which were negatively correlated with placental NLRP3 and positively with solute carrier family 7, member 8 (Slc7a8; P < 0.05). In conclusion, NAC supplementation during late gestation alleviated maternal-placental oxidative stress and inflammatory response, improved placental function, and altered fecal microbial communities.

Project description:Abstract Objectives Vitamin D may have an adjunctive role in the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency (ID) through its proposed role in the regulation of erythropoiesis and circulating hepcidin concentrations. Observational studies have shown associations between low vitamin D and iron status; however, there are few data from intervention trials. In participants of the Maternal Vitamin D for Infant Growth Trial (MDIG; NCT01924013), among whom the baseline prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 64%, we examined the effect of prenatal vitamin D supplementation on iron status during pregnancy by testing the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum ferritin concentrations. Methods In this double-blind, dose-response, randomized trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh, women were recruited at 17–24 weeks’ gestation and randomly assigned to receive a prenatal vitamin D3 dose of 4200, 16,800, 28,000 IU/week or placebo. Serum ferritin was quantified using an electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) was analysed by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Linear regression was used to test the hypothesized effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum ferritin (n = 1011 of 1300 enrolled). In a sensitivity analysis, we adjusted for concurrent CRP to correct for inflammation (n = 920). Regression correction was used to generate an inflammation-corrected estimate of the prevalence of ID (n = 920). Results Prevalence of ID (serum ferritin <15 µg/L) was high overall (27% corrected for inflammation; 12% uncorrected). Geometric mean (95% confidence interval) serum ferritin concentrations were lower in each of the vitamin D supplementation groups [43.1 (38.1, 48.7), 44.8 (40.4, 49.7) and 45.1 (41.5, 49.1) µg/L in the 4200, 16,800 and 28,000 IU/week groups, respectively] compared to the placebo group [50.3 µg/L (45.0, 56.2)], although none of the pairwise differences between each vitamin D group and placebo were statistically significant at the P < 0.05 threshold. Adjusting for CRP did not change the inferences. Conclusions In a population with concurrently high prevalence rates of iron and vitamin D deficiency, prenatal vitamin D supplementation did not lead to improvements in iron status by late gestation. The possibility of a negative effect of vitamin D supplementation on iron status should be further explored. Funding Sources The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

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Effects of Melatonin Supplementation during Pregnancy on Reproductive Performance, Maternal-Placental-Fetal Redox Status, and Placental Mitochondrial Function in a Sow Model.

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