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Single-Cell Transcriptomics Links Loss of Human Pancreatic β-Cell Identity to ER Stress.

ABSTRACT: The maintenance of pancreatic islet architecture is crucial for proper β-cell function. We previously reported that disruption of human islet integrity could result in altered β-cell identity. Here we combine β-cell lineage tracing and single-cell transcriptomics to investigate the mechanisms underlying this process in primary human islet cells. Using drug-induced ER stress and cytoskeleton modification models, we demonstrate that altering the islet structure triggers an unfolding protein response that causes the downregulation of β-cell maturity genes. Collectively, our findings illustrate the close relationship between endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and β-cell phenotype, and strengthen the concept of altered β-cell identity as a mechanism underlying the loss of functional β-cell mass.

SUBMITTER: Groen N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8700697 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Single-Cell Transcriptomics Links Loss of Human Pancreatic β-Cell Identity to ER Stress.

Groen Nathalie N Leenders Floris F Mahfouz Ahmed A Munoz-Garcia Amadeo A Muraro Mauro J MJ de Graaf Natascha N Rabelink Ton J TJ Hoeben Rob R van Oudenaarden Alexander A Zaldumbide Arnaud A Reinders Marcel J T MJT Koning Eelco J P de EJP Carlotti Françoise F

Cells 20211219 12

The maintenance of pancreatic islet architecture is crucial for proper β-cell function. We previously reported that disruption of human islet integrity could result in altered β-cell identity. Here we combine β-cell lineage tracing and single-cell transcriptomics to investigate the mechanisms underlying this process in primary human islet cells. Using drug-induced ER stress and cytoskeleton modification models, we demonstrate that altering the islet structure triggers an unfolding protein respon ...[more]

PMID: 34944092

Similar Datasets

Single-Cell Transcriptomics Links Loss of Human Pancreatic β-Cell Identity to ER Stress

Project description:The maintenance of pancreatic islet architecture is crucial for proper β-cell function. We previously reported that disruption of human islet integrity could result in altered β-cell identity. Here we combine β-cell lineage tracing and single-cell transcriptomics to investigate the mechanisms underlying this process in primary human islet cells. Using drug-induced ER stress and cytoskeleton modification models, we demonstrate that altering the islet structure triggers an unfolding protein response that causes the downregulation of β-cell maturity genes. Collectively, our findings illustrate the close relationship between endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and β-cell phenotype, and strengthen the concept of altered β-cell identity as a mechanism underlying the loss of functional β-cell mass.

2024-04-13 | GSE263565 | GEO

Single-Cell Transcriptomics Links Loss of Human Pancreatic β-Cell Identity to ER Stress

Project description:Single-Cell Transcriptomics Links Loss of Human Pancreatic β-Cell Identity to ER Stress

| PRJNA1098072 | ENA

Sorcin Links Pancreatic β-Cell Lipotoxicity to ER Ca2+ Stores.

Project description:Preserving β-cell function during the development of obesity and insulin resistance would limit the worldwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium (Ca(2+)) depletion induced by saturated free fatty acids and cytokines causes β-cell ER stress and apoptosis, but the molecular mechanisms behind these phenomena are still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that palmitate-induced sorcin downregulation and subsequent increases in glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-2 (G6PC2) levels contribute to lipotoxicity. Sorcin is a calcium sensor protein involved in maintaining ER Ca(2+) by inhibiting ryanodine receptor activity and playing a role in terminating Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release. G6PC2, a genome-wide association study gene associated with fasting blood glucose, is a negative regulator of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). High-fat feeding in mice and chronic exposure of human islets to palmitate decreases endogenous sorcin expression while levels of G6PC2 mRNA increase. Sorcin-null mice are glucose intolerant, with markedly impaired GSIS and increased expression of G6pc2 Under high-fat diet, mice overexpressing sorcin in the β-cell display improved glucose tolerance, fasting blood glucose, and GSIS, whereas G6PC2 levels are decreased and cytosolic and ER Ca(2+) are increased in transgenic islets. Sorcin may thus provide a target for intervention in type 2 diabetes.

| S-EPMC4806657 | biostudies-literature

Oxidative Stress Leads to β-Cell Dysfunction Through Loss of β-Cell Identity.

Project description:Pancreatic β-cell failure is a critical event in the onset of both main types of diabetes mellitus but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. β-cells have low anti-oxidant capacity, making them more susceptible to oxidative stress. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with pro-inflammatory conditions at the onset of the disease. Here, we investigated the effects of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress on human β-cells. We show that primary human β-cell function is decreased. This reduced function is associated with an ER stress response and the shuttling of FOXO1 to the nucleus. Furthermore, oxidative stress leads to loss of β-cell maturity genes MAFA and PDX1, and to a concomitant increase in progenitor marker expression of SOX9 and HES1. Overall, we propose that oxidative stress-induced β-cell failure may result from partial dedifferentiation. Targeting antioxidant mechanisms may preserve functional β-cell mass in early stages of development of T1D.

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Adaptation to chronic ER stress enforces pancreatic β-cell plasticity.

Project description:Pancreatic β-cells are prone to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to their role in insulin secretion. They require sustainable and efficient adaptive stress responses to cope with this stress. Whether episodes of chronic stress directly compromise β-cell identity is unknown. We show here under reversible, chronic stress conditions β-cells undergo transcriptional and translational reprogramming associated with impaired expression of regulators of β-cell function and identity. Upon recovery from stress, β-cells regain their identity and function, indicating a high degree of adaptive plasticity. Remarkably, while β-cells show resilience to episodic ER stress, when episodes exceed a threshold, β-cell identity is gradually lost. Single cell RNA-sequencing analysis of islets from type 1 diabetes patients indicates severe deregulation of the chronic stress-adaptation program and reveals novel biomarkers of diabetes progression. Our results suggest β-cell adaptive exhaustion contributes to diabetes pathogenesis.

| S-EPMC9360004 | biostudies-literature

Pdx1 (MODY4) regulates pancreatic beta cell susceptibility to ER stress.

Project description:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results from pancreatic beta cell failure in the setting of insulin resistance. Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the beta cell transcription factor pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) are associated with both T2DM and maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY4), and low levels of Pdx1 accompany beta cell dysfunction in experimental models of glucotoxicity and diabetes. Here, we find that Pdx1 is required for compensatory beta cell mass expansion in response to diet-induced insulin resistance through its roles in promoting beta cell survival and compensatory hypertrophy. Pdx1-deficient beta cells show evidence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress both in the complex metabolic milieu of high-fat feeding as well as in the setting of acutely reduced Pdx1 expression in the Min6 mouse insulinoma cell line. Further, Pdx1 deficiency enhances beta cell susceptibility to ER stress-associated apoptosis. The results of high throughput expression microarray and chromatin occupancy analyses reveal that Pdx1 regulates a broad array of genes involved in diverse functions of the ER, including proper disulfide bond formation, protein folding, and the unfolded protein response. These findings suggest that Pdx1 deficiency leads to a failure of beta cell compensation for insulin resistance at least in part by impairing critical functions of the ER.

| S-EPMC2776433 | biostudies-literature

Loss of Function of WFS1 Causes ER Stress-Mediated Inflammation in Pancreatic Beta-Cells.

Project description:Wolfram syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus, optic nerve atrophy, hearing loss, diabetes insipidus, and progressive neurodegeneration. Pathogenic variants in the WFS1 gene are the main causes of Wolfram syndrome. WFS1 encodes a transmembrane protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and regulates the unfolded protein response (UPR). Loss of function of WFS1 leads to dysregulation of insulin production and secretion, ER calcium depletion, and cytosolic calpains activation, resulting in activation of apoptotic cascades. Although the terminal UPR has been shown to induce inflammation that accelerates pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death in diabetes, the contribution of pancreatic β-cell inflammation to the development of diabetes in Wolfram syndrome has not been fully understood. Here we show that WFS1-deficiency enhances the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, leading to cytokine-induced ER-stress and cell death in pancreatic β-cells. PERK and IRE1α pathways mediate high glucose-induced inflammation in a β-cell model of Wolfram syndrome. M1-macrophage infiltration and hypervascularization are seen in the pancreatic islets of Wfs1 whole-body knockout mice, demonstrating that WFS1 regulates anti-inflammatory responses in pancreatic β-cells. Our results indicate that inflammation plays an essential role in the progression of β-cell death and diabetes in Wolfram syndrome. The pathways involved in ER stress-mediated inflammation provide potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of Wolfram syndrome.

| S-EPMC8990750 | biostudies-literature

Verbascoside Protects Pancreatic β-Cells against ER-Stress.

Project description:Substantial epidemiological evidence indicates that a diet rich in polyphenols protects against developing type 2 diabetes. The phenylethanoid glycoside verbascoside/acteoside, a widespread polyphenolic plant compound, has several biological properties including strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. The aim of this research was to test the possible effects of verbascoside on pancreatic β-cells, a target never tested before. Mouse and human β-cells were incubated with verbascoside (0.8-16 µM) for up to five days and a combination of biochemical and imaging techniques were used to assess the β-cell survival and function under normal or endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress inducing conditions. We found a dose-dependent protective effect of verbascoside against oxidative stress in clonal and human β-cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that the polyphenol protects β-cells against ER-stress mediated dysfunctions, modulating the activation of the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) branch of the unfolded protein response and promoting mitochondrial dynamics. As a result, increased viability, mitochondrial function and insulin content were detected in these cells. These studies provide the evidence that verbascoside boosts the ability of β-cells to cope with ER-stress, an important contributor of β-cell dysfunction and failure in diabetic conditions and support the therapeutic potential of verbascoside in diabetes.

| S-EPMC7762434 | biostudies-literature

Macrophages and neutrophils are necessary for ER stress-induced β cell loss.

Project description:Persistent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces islet inflammation and β cell loss. How islet inflammation contributes to β cell loss remains uncertain. We have reported previously that chronic overnutrition-induced ER stress in β cells causes Ripk3-mediated islet inflammation, macrophage recruitment, and a reduction of β cell numbers in a zebrafish model. We show here that β cell loss results from the intricate communications among β cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Macrophage-derived Tnfa induces cxcl8a in β cells. Cxcl8a, in turn, attracts neutrophils to macrophage-contacted "hotspots" where β cell loss occurs. We also show potentiation of chemokine expression in stressed mammalian β cells by macrophage-derived TNFA. In Akita and db/db mice, there is an increase in CXCL15-positive β cells and intra-islet neutrophils. Blocking neutrophil recruitment in Akita mice preserves β cell mass and slows diabetes progression. These results reveal an important role of neutrophils in persistent ER stress-induced β cell loss.

| S-EPMC9444341 | biostudies-literature

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Links Oxidative Stress to Impaired Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function Caused by Human Oxidized LDL.

Project description:Elevated plasma concentration of the pro-atherogenic oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) triggers adverse effects in pancreatic beta-cells and is associated with type 2 diabetes. Here, we investigated whether the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a key player coupling oxidative stress to beta-cell dysfunction and death elicited by human oxidized LDL. We found that human oxidized LDL activates ER stress as evidenced by the activation of the inositol requiring 1α, and the elevated expression of both DDIT3 (also called CHOP) and DNAJC3 (also called P58IPK) ER stress markers in isolated human islets and the mouse insulin secreting MIN6 cells. Silencing of Chop and inhibition of ER stress markers by the chemical chaperone phenyl butyric acid (PBA) prevented cell death caused by oxidized LDL. Finally, we found that oxidative stress accounts for activation of ER stress markers induced by oxidized LDL. Induction of Chop/CHOP and p58IPK/P58IPK by oxidized LDL was mimicked by hydrogen peroxide and was blocked by co-treatment with the N-acetylcystein antioxidant. As a conclusion, the harmful effects of oxidized LDL in beta-cells requires ER stress activation in a manner that involves oxidative stress. This mechanism may account for impaired beta-cell function in diabetes and can be reversed by antioxidant treatment.

| S-EPMC5026355 | biostudies-literature

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