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Lignocellulose Nanofibre Obtained from Agricultural Wastes of Tomato, Pepper and Eggplants Improves the Performance of Films of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) for Food Packaging.

ABSTRACT: Films formulated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (synthetic biopolymer) were reinforced with lignocellulose nanofibres (LCNF) from residues of vegetable production (natural biopolymer). The LCNF were obtained by mechanical and chemical pre-treatment by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) and added to the polyvinyl alcohol (polymer matrix) with the aim of improving the properties of the film for use in food packaging. The mechanical properties, crystallinity, thermal resistance, chemical structure, antioxidant activity, water barrier properties and optical properties (transparency and UV barrier), were evaluated. In general, with the addition of LCNF, an improvement in the studied properties of the films was observed. In terms of mechanical properties, the films reinforced with 7% LCNF TEMPO showed the best results for tensile strength, Young's modulus and elongation at break. At the same LCNF proportion, the thermal stability (T_max) increased between 5.5% and 10.8%, and the antioxidant activity increased between 90.9% and 191.8%, depending on the raw material and the pre-treatment used to obtain the different LCNF. Finally, a large increase in UV blocking was also observed with the addition of 7% LCNF. In particular, the films with 7% of eggplant LCNF showed higher performance for Young's modulus, elongation at break, thermal stability and UV barrier. Overall, results demonstrated that the use of LCNF generated from agricultural residues represents a suitable bioeconomy approach able to enhance film properties for its application in the development of more sustainable and eco-friendly food packaging systems.

SUBMITTER: Bascon-Villegas I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8700978 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundHallux rigidus is a common arthritic condition that has been addressed surgically with a range of techniques, from an isolated cheilectomy to first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint fusion. Recently, hemiarthroplasty with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel implant has been used as an alternative treatment to relieve pain while preserving motion of the first MTP joint. We retrospectively reviewed patient-reported outcome scores and clinical outcomes for patients treated for hallux rigidus with PVA hydrogel implant at an academic, multisurgeon center.MethodsA total of 103 patients who underwent first MTP hemiarthroplasty with PVA hydrogel implant between January 2017 and October 2018 were retrospectively reviewed (average, 26.2 months). Eight surgeons were represented. Baseline Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores for the Physical Function, Pain Interference, Pain Intensity, Global Physical Health, Global Mental Health, and Depression domains were collected prospectively and compared with PROMIS scores collected at a minimum of 1 year postoperatively (average, 13.9 months). Seventy-three patients had both preoperative and postoperative scores. Ten of these patients had undergone a prior procedure of the first MTP, and 52 underwent concurrent Moberg osteotomy at the time of PVA hydrogel implantation.ResultsFor patients with baseline and postoperative PROMIS scores, significant pre- to postoperative improvement was detected for the Physical Function, Pain Interference, Pain Intensity, and Global Physical Health domains (P < .05). Patients who had undergone a prior procedure of the first MTP had significantly higher postoperative Pain Intensity scores compared with those who did not undergo a prior procedure. Patients undergoing concurrent Moberg osteotomy had significantly lower postoperative Pain Interference and Pain Intensity scores compared with those who did not undergo a Moberg. Two patients underwent revision procedures in the first 2 years postoperatively, one with revision hemiarthroplasty and one with conversion to arthrodesis.ConclusionOn average across our entire cohort, physical function and pain scores improved significantly pre- to postoperatively; however, postoperative pain scores were significantly higher for patients who had undergone a prior procedure of the first MTP and significantly lower for patients who underwent concurrent Moberg osteotomy. The implant displayed excellent survivorship in the first 2 years postoperatively, with only 2 revision procedures.Level of evidenceLevel III, comparative series.

Project description:Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used widely in industry, and associated environmental pollution is a serious problem. Herein, we report a novel, efficient PVA degrader, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila QL-P4, isolated from fallen leaves from a virgin forest in the Qinling Mountains. The complete genome was obtained using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) technology and corrected using Illumina sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis revealed eight PVA/vinyl alcohol oligomer (OVA)-degrading genes. Of these, seven genes were predicted to be involved in the classic intracellular PVA/OVA degradation pathway, and one (BAY15_3292) was identified as a novel PVA oxidase. Five PVA/OVA-degrading enzymes were purified and characterized. One of these, BAY15_1712, a PVA dehydrogenase (PVADH), displayed high catalytic efficiency toward PVA and OVA substrate. All reported PVADHs only have PVA-degrading ability. Most importantly, we discovered a novel PVA oxidase (BAY15_3292) that exhibited higher PVA-degrading efficiency than the reported PVADHs. Further investigation indicated that BAY15_3292 plays a crucial role in PVA degradation in S. rhizophila QL-P4. Knocking out BAY15_3292 resulted in a significant decline in PVA-degrading activity in S. rhizophila QL-P4. Interestingly, we found that BAY15_3292 possesses exocrine activity, which distinguishes it from classic PVADHs. Transparent circle experiments further proved that BAY15_3292 greatly affects extracellular PVA degradation in S. rhizophila QL-P4. The exocrine characteristics of BAY15_3292 facilitate its potential application to PVA bioremediation. In addition, we report three new efficient secondary alcohol dehydrogenases (SADHs) with OVA-degrading ability in S. rhizophila QL-P4; in contrast, only one OVA-degrading SADH was reported previously.IMPORTANCE With the widespread application of PVA in industry, PVA-related environmental pollution is an increasingly serious issue. Because PVA is difficult to degrade, it accumulates in aquatic environments and causes chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms. Biodegradation of PVA, as an economical and environment-friendly method, has attracted much interest. To date, effective and applicable PVA-degrading bacteria/enzymes have not been reported. Herein, we report a new efficient PVA degrader (S. rhizophila QL-P4) that has five PVA/OVA-degrading enzymes with high catalytic efficiency, among which BAY15_1712 is the only reported PVADH with both PVA- and OVA-degrading abilities. Importantly, we discovered a novel PVA oxidase (BAY15_3292) that is not only more efficient than other reported PVA-degrading PVADHs but also has exocrine activity. Overall, our findings provide new insight into PVA-degrading pathways in microorganisms and suggest S. rhizophila QL-P4 and its enzymes have the potential for application to PVA bioremediation to reduce or eliminate PVA-related environmental pollution.

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Lignocellulose Nanofibre Obtained from Agricultural Wastes of Tomato, Pepper and Eggplants Improves the Performance of Films of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) for Food Packaging.

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