Coupling between prefrontal brain activity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia in infants and adults.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Nguyen T
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8703057 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Phase coupling of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) has been proposed to be an alternative measure for evaluating autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. The aim of this study was to analyze how phase coupling of RSA is altered during sleep, in order to explore whether this measure is a predictor of slow wave sleep (SWS). Overnight electroencephalograms (EEG), electrocardiograms (ECG), and breathing using inductance plethysmography were recorded from 30 healthy volunteers (six females, age range 21-64, 31.6 ± 14.7 years). Slow wave activity was evaluated by the envelope of the amplitude of the EEG ?-wave (0.5-4 Hz). The RSA was extracted from the change in the R-R interval (RRI) by band-pass filter, where pass band frequencies were determined from the profile of the power spectral density for respiration. The analytic signals of RSA and respiration were obtained by Hilbert transform, after which the amplitude of RSA (ARSA) and the degree of phase coupling (?) were quantified. Additionally, the normalized high-frequency component (HFn) of the frequency-domain heart rate variability (HRV) was calculated. Using auto- and cross-correlation analyses, we found that overnight profiles of ? and ?-wave were correlated, with significant cross-correlation coefficients (0.461 ± 0.107). The ?-wave and HFn were also correlated (0.426 ± 0.115). These correlations were higher than that for the relationship between ?-wave and ARSA (0.212 ± 0.161). The variation of ? precedes the onset of the ?-wave by ~3 min, suggesting a vagal enhancement prior to the onset of SWS. Auto correlation analysis revealed that the periodicity of ? was quite similar to that of the ?-wave (88.3 ± 15.7 min vs. 88.6 ± 16.3 min, ?-cycle = 0.938 × ?-cycle + 5.77 min, r = 0.902). These results suggest that phase coupling analysis of RSA appears to be a marker for predicting SWS intervals, thereby complementing other noninvasive tools and diagnostic efforts.
| S-EPMC6167474 | biostudies-literature
Project description:There is a growing consensus that math anxiety highly correlates with trait anxiety and that the emotional component elicited by math anxiety affects math performance. Yet few studies have examined the impact of "specific math anxiety" (high math anxiety and low other kinds of anxiety) on math performance and the underlying physiological and affective mechanism. The present study examines the mediation effect of heart rate variability-an affective measurement indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)-in the relationship between specific math anxiety and arithmetic speed. A total of 386 junior high school students completed a self-reported questionnaire to measure their anxiety level. Among this sample, 29 individuals with specific math anxiety (high math anxiety and low reading and trait anxiety), 29 with specific reading anxiety (high reading anxiety and low math and trait anxiety), 24 with specific trait anxiety (high trait anxiety and low math and reading anxiety), and 22 controls (low math, trait and reading anxiety) were selected to participate in an arithmetic task and a reading task while RSA was recorded when they performed the tasks. Results revealed that individuals with specific math anxiety showed lower RSA and longer reaction time than the other three groups in the arithmetic task. Regression and mediation analyses further revealed that RSA mediated the relation between specific math anxiety and arithmetic speed. The present study provides the first account of evidence for the affective hypothesis of specific math anxiety and suggests that affective responses may be an important mechanism underlying the detrimental effect of specific math anxiety on math performance.
| S-EPMC7933226 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The study was conducted to investigate the implications of anthropometry in school-aged children on the degree of respiratory sinus arrhythmia observed in clinical settings. In a cohort study, 626 healthy children (52% male) aged 10.8 ± 0.5 years attending primary school in a single town underwent a 12-lead electrocardiogram coupled with measurements of height, weight and blood pressure. Indices of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (pvRSA, RMSSD, RMSSDc) were derived from semi-automatic measurements of RR intervals. Height, weight, BMI, blood pressure as well as waist and hip circumferences were compared between subjects with rhythmic heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and correlations between indices of sinus arrhythmia and anthropometry were investigated. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia was recognized in 43% of the participants. Subjects with sinus arrhythmia had lower heart rate (p < 0.001), weight (p = 0.009), BMI (p = 0.005) and systolic (p = 0.018) and diastolic (p = 0.004) blood pressure. There were important inverse correlations of heart rate and indices of sinus arrhythmia (r = -0.52 for pvRSA and r = -0.58 for RMSSD), but not the anthropometry. Lower prevalence of respiratory sinus arrhythmia among children with overweight and obesity is a result of higher resting heart rate observed in this population.
| S-EPMC8744931 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is associated with better health in children. Aim: The study was conducted to analyze the trajectory of RSA in 10-year-olds. Methods: A follow-up study on 120 healthy children (62 boys) aged 10.7 ± 0.5 years consisted of a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram, measurements of height, weight and blood pressure. The protocol was repeated after 3 years. Assessment of RSA based on semi-automatic measurements of RR intervals included: the difference between the longest and shortest RR interval duration (pvRSA), the root mean square of differences between successive RR intervals (RMSSD), the standard deviation of the RR interval length (SDNN) and their equivalents corrected for heart rate (RMSSDc and SDNNc). Results: A the first visit 61.7% of children presented with RSA; 51.7% 3 years later. 23.3% of them had RSA only on the first examination; 13.3% only on the second one. The pvRSA, RMSSD, and SDNN measured in 2019 did not differ significantly from their 2016 equivalents (p > 0.05). The decline in RSA defined by RMSSD was noted in 52.5% of children and in 54.2% when defined by SDNN. The corrected values decreased in 68.3 and 64.2% of the participants for RMSSDc and SDNNc, respectively. The students with RSA at both visits had lower heart rate (p < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.010) compared to those with rhythmic electrocardiograms. Conclusions: RSA in children is changeable, though its measurable indices should be adjusted to heart rate.
| S-EPMC8172810 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), an index of the parasympathetic nervous system, has recently gained attention as a physiological component of regulatory processes, social connectedness, and health. Within the context of romantic relationships, studies have operationalized and conceptualized RSA in disparate ways, obscuring a clear pattern of findings. This systematic review synthesizes the rapidly developing literature and clarifies the role of RSA in romantic relationships. We evaluate support for three conceptual hypotheses: (1) resting baseline RSA is associated with better quality relationships; (2) phasic RSA is reflective of changes in threat and connection during couple interactions; and (3) physiological linkage in RSA between romantic partners relates to positive or negative relationship functioning depending on the nature of the linkage (e.g., in-phase vs. antiphase). We identified 26 empirical studies that tested associations between RSA and an index of romantic relationships (i.e., relationship satisfaction). Our findings show that higher RSA is not uniformly "good" for relationships. Higher resting baseline RSA was contemporaneously associated with better quality relationships, yet higher baseline RSA was also unexpectedly associated with relationship violence. Short-term decreases in RSA were found during relationship conflict, though the opposite-phasic increases in RSA during positive romantic partner interactions-was not found due to mixed empirical support. As expected, evidence for RSA linkage was found, though the connection between linkage and relationship functioning depends on the context in which it was measured. We discuss methodological limitations and directions for future research.
| S-EPMC8406683 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a quantitative metric that reflects autonomic nervous system regulation and provides a physiological marker of attentional engagement that supports cognitive and affective regulatory processes. RSA can be added to executive function (EF) assessments with minimal participant burden because of the commercial availability of lightweight, wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors. However, the inclusion of RSA data in large data collection efforts has been hindered by the time-intensive processing of RSA. In this study we evaluated the performance of an automated RSA-scoring method in the context of an EF study in preschool-aged children. The absolute differences in RSA across both scoring methods were small (mean RSA differences = -0.02-0.10), with little to no evidence of bias for the automated relative to the hand-scoring approach. Moreover, the relative rank-ordering of RSA across both scoring methods was strong (rs = .96-.99). Reliable changes in RSA from baseline to the EF task were highly similar across both scoring methods (96%-100% absolute agreement; Kappa = .83-1.0). On the basis of these findings, the automated RSA algorithm appears to be a suitable substitute for hand-scoring in the context of EF assessment.
| S-EPMC5803481 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Targeted lung denervation (TLD) is a novel bronchoscopic therapy that disrupts parasympathetic pulmonary nerve input to the lung. Parasympathetic input to the heart originating from the lungs contributes to respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and disruption of pulmonary nerves via TLD may impact RSA. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess the potential of TLD to affect RSA in sheep and humans. METHODS:TLD was performed in 5 sheep and 9 humans using a novel lung denervation system (Nu-vaira Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) with an electrocardiogram collected before and after the procedure. Frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability was performed in 5 sheep and 6 humans with presence of RSA approximated as high-frequency power (HF power). RESULTS:HF power decreased in 3 of 5 sheep with 1 animal reaching less than 7% of its baseline HF power 30 days after TLD. The average treatment location was more distal in the remaining 2 animals, which did not exhibit RSA attenuation, suggesting diminished denervation. HF power decreased in 5 of 6 humans, with 3 subjects reaching less than 50% of their baseline HF power 90 days after TLD. CONCLUSIONS:TLD appeared to attenuate RSA in both sheep and human cohorts of this sub-study. Further confirmation in humans is necessary to allow for RSA attenuation to be used as a marker of successful lung denervation via TLD.
| S-EPMC6888888 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionVulnerability factors like respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) may help identify adolescents at risk for nicotine dependence. We examined if resting RSA and the acute effects of smoking on RSA was associated with cigarette smoking five years later among adolescents at high risk for smoking escalation and nicotine dependence.MethodsSixty-nine adolescents participated in a baseline laboratory session- RSA was collected before and after smoking a single cigarette ad libitum. Participants were then followed for five years.ResultsLower pre-smoke resting RSA was related to higher past month smoking rate five years later, even after controlling for baseline smoking rate and other relevant covariates including gender, race/ethnicity, age of initiated use, and frequency of exercise at baseline (p=0.018). Exploratory analyses suggested resting RSA is an independent predictor of increased cigarette rate beyond other baseline predictors.ConclusionsLow resting RSA may be a vulnerability factor, helping to identify adolescents at risk for cigarette escalation.
| S-EPMC4956523 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Temporal asymmetry is a peculiar aspect of heart period (HP) variability (HPV). HPV asymmetry (HPVA) is reduced with aging and pathology, but its origin is not fully elucidated. Given the impact of respiration on HPV resulting in the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and the asymmetric shape of the respiratory pattern, a possible link between HPVA and RSA might be expected. In this study we tested the hypothesis that HPVA is significantly associated with RSA and asymmetry of the respiratory rhythm. We studied 42 middle-aged healthy (H) subjects, and 56 chronic heart failure (CHF) patients of whom 26 assigned to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II (CHF-II) and 30 to NYHA class III (CHF-III). Electrocardiogram and lung volume were monitored for 8 minutes during spontaneous breathing (SB) and controlled breathing (CB) at 15 breaths/minute. The ratio of inspiratory (INSP) to expiratory (EXP) phases, namely the I/E ratio, and RSA were calculated. HPVA was estimated as the percentage of negative HP variations, traditionally measured via the Porta's index (PI). Departures of PI from 50% indicated HPVA and its significance was tested via surrogate data. We found that RSA increased during CB and I/E ratio was smaller than 1 in all groups and experimental conditions. In H subjects the PI was about 50% during SB and it increased significantly during CB. In both CHF-II and CHF-III groups the PI was about 50% during SB and remained unmodified during CB. The PI was uncorrelated with RSA and I/E ratio regardless of the experimental condition and group. Pooling together data of different experimental conditions did not affect conclusions. Therefore, we conclude that the HPVA cannot be explained by RSA and/or I/E ratio, thus representing a peculiar feature of the cardiac control that can be aroused in middle-aged H individuals via CB.
| S-EPMC7886158 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dysfunction of physiological regulation systems may underlie the disrupted emotional and self-regulatory processes among people with substance use disorder (SUD). This paper reviews evidence as to whether or not respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), as a psychophysiological index of emotional regulation, could provide useful information in treatment-outcome research to provide insights into recovery processes.We reviewed the use of RSA in clinical research and studies on SUD treatment. Search terms for the review of RSA in clinical research included respiratory sinus arrhythmia, heart rate variability, vagal, cardiac vagal control, psychophysiology, intervention, treatment, mindfulness, mind-body, mental health, substance use, chemical dependence, regulation and emotion regulation. For the review of RSA in intervention studies, we included only those that provided adequate description of psychophysiological methods, and examined RSA in the context of an intervention study.RSA appears to be able to provide an index of self-regulatory capacity; however, it has been little used in either intervention or treatment research. Of the four intervention studies included in this review, all were mindfulness-based interventions. Two studies were with substance-using samples, and both showed pre-post increases in RSA and related improved substance use outcomes. Two of the three studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and both showed significant increases in RSA in the experimental compared to comparison condition.Respiratory sinus arrhythmia may be a useful index of emotional regulation in people with substance use disorder, and a potential measure of underlying mechanisms for SUD treatment studies, particularly mindfulness-based interventions.
| S-EPMC4801752 | biostudies-other