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A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews on the Epidemiology, Evaluation, and Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis.

ABSTRACT: The number of systematic review and meta-analyses on plantar fasciitis is expanding. The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive summary of reviews on the topic pertaining to plantar fasciitis, identify any conflicting and inconsistent results, and propose future research direction. A qualitative review of all systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to plantar fasciitis up to February 2021 was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database. A total of 1052 articles were initially identified and 96 met the inclusion criteria. Included articles were summarized and divided into the following topics: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. While the majority of reviews had high level of heterogeneity and included a small number of studies, there was general consensus on certain topics, such as BMI as a risk factor for plantar fasciitis and extracorporeal shockwave therapy as an effective mode of therapy. A qualitative summary of systematic reviews and meta-analyses published on plantar fasciitis provides a single source of updated information for clinicians. Evidence on topics such as the epidemiology, exercise therapy, or cost-effectiveness of treatment options for plantar fasciitis are lacking and warrant future research.

SUBMITTER: Rhim HC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8705263 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:ContextPlantar fasciitis (PF) is a common condition in active individuals. The lack of agreement on PF etiology makes treatment challenging and highlights the importance of understanding risk factors for preventive efforts.ObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine what factors may put physically active individuals at risk of developing PF.Data sourcesCENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE, Gray Lit, LILACS, MEDLINE (PubMed), ProQuest, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched through April 2018 and updated in April 2020.Study selectionStudies were included if they were original research investigating PF risk factors, compared physically active individuals with and without PF, were written in English, and were accessible as full-length, peer-reviewed articles.Study designSystematic review and meta-analysis.Level of evidenceLevel 3, because of inconsistent definitions and blinding used in the included observational studies.Data extractionData on sample characteristics, study design and duration, groups, PF diagnosis, and risk factors were extracted. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement. When means and standard deviations of a particular risk factor were presented 2 or more times, that risk factor was included in the meta-analysis.ResultsSixteen studies were included in the systematic review and 11 risk factors in the meta-analysis. Increased plantarflexion range of motion (weighted mean difference [MD] = 7.04°; 95% CI, 5.88-8.19; P < 0.001), body mass index (MD = 2.13 kg/m2; 95% CI, 1.40-2.86; P < 0.001; I2 = 0.00%), and body mass (MD = 4.52 kg; 95% CI, 0.55-8.49; P = 0.026) were risk factors for PF.ConclusionInterventions focused on addressing a greater degree of plantarflexion range of motion, body mass index, and body mass and their load on the force-absorbing plantar surface structures may be a good starting point in the prevention and treatment of active individuals with PF.

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A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews on the Epidemiology, Evaluation, and Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis.

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