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Unravelling the Initial Triggers of Botrytis cinerea Infection: First Description of Its Surfactome.

ABSTRACT: Botrytis cinerea is a critically important phytopathogenic fungus, causing devastating crop losses; signal transduction cascades mediate the "dialogue" among the fungus, plant, and environment. Surface proteins play important roles as front-line receptors. We report the first description of the surfactome of a filamentous fungus. To obtain a complete view of these cascades during infection of B. cinerea, its surfactome has been described by optimization of the "shaving" process and LC-MS/MS at two different infection stages, and with both rapid and late responses to environmental changes. The best results were obtained using PBS buffer in the "shaving" protocol. The surfactome obtained comprises 1010 identified proteins. These have been categorized by gene ontology and protein-protein interactions to reveal new potential pathogenicity/virulence factors. From these data, the percentage of total proteins predicted for the genome of the fungus represented by proteins identified in this and other proteomics studies is calculated at 54%, a big increase over the previous 12%. The new data may be crucial for understanding better its biological activity and pathogenicity. Given its extensive exposure to plants and environmental conditions, the surfactome presents innumerable opportunities for interactions between the fungus and external elements, which should offer the best targets for fungicide development.

SUBMITTER: Escobar-Nino A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8708654 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous particles released by different organisms. EVs carry several kinds of macromolecules implicated in cell communication. EVs have become an important topic in the study of pathogenic fungi, due to their relation with the fungal-host interactions. One of the essential research areas in this field is the characterization protein profile of EV cargo, because of plant fungal pathogens rely heavily on secreted proteins to invade their hosts. However, little is known about EVs of Botrytis cinerea, which is one of the most devastating phytopathogenic fungi. The present study has two main objectives: the first isolation and characterization of B. cinerea EVs; and the description of their potential role during the infective process. All the experimental process was conducted in B. cinerea growing in mimimal salt medium supplemented with glucose as a constitutive stage, and deproteinized tomato cell walls (TCW) as virulence inductor. The isolation of EV was performed by differential centrifugation, filtration, ultrafiltration, and sucrose cushion ultracentrifugation. EV fractions were visualised by TEM using negative staining. Proteomic analysis of EV cargo was addressed by LC-MS/MS. The used methodology had allowed, for the first time, the correct isolation of B. cinerea EVs, and the identification of a high number of EV proteins, including potential EV markers. The isolated EVs displayed differences in the morphology under both assayed conditions. GO analysis of EV proteins showed an enrichment in cell wall metabolism and proteolysis under TCW. KEGG analysis also showed difference in EV function under both conditions, highlighting the presence of potential virulence/pathogenic factors implicated in cell wall metabolism, between others. This is the first evidence and characterization of B. cinerea EVs production, showing that EVs are essential in the infection process of B. cinerea and share crucial functions with the conventional secretion pathway.

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Unravelling the Initial Triggers of Botrytis cinerea Infection: First Description of Its Surfactome.

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