Dataset Information

Vitamin E Acetate Determination in Vaping Liquids and Non-targeted Analysis of Vaping Emissions of Diluents of Concern, Vitamin E Acetate and Medium-Chain Triglycerides Oil.

ABSTRACT: During the summer of 2019, cases of lung injury associated with vaping emerged in North America, including among individuals who reported exclusive use of nicotine vaping liquids. Once vitamin E acetate was identified as a potential causative agent a quantitative method based on a simple sample dilution, separation by gas chromatography and analysis by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC MSMS) was developed. Method detection limit (MDL) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined at 0.159 µg/mL and 0.505 µg/mL, respectively. The analysis was performed on a subset of 203 commercially sourced nicotine containing vaping liquids of various flavour profile and nicotine range (nicotine free-59 mg/mL) from an internal inventory. The target analyte, Vitamin E Acetate, was not detected in any samples analyzed, as expected, given the reported detection in literature and high association of the chemical with cannabis and not nicotine containing vaping products.

SUBMITTER: Kosarac I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8710514 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Vitamin E Acetate Determination in Vaping Liquids and Non-targeted Analysis of Vaping Emissions of Diluents of Concern, Vitamin E Acetate and Medium-Chain Triglycerides Oil.

Kosarac Ivana I Kubwabo Cariton C Katuri Guru Prasad GP Petraccone Dora D Mischki Trevor K TK

Frontiers in chemistry 20211213

During the summer of 2019, cases of lung injury associated with vaping emerged in North America, including among individuals who reported exclusive use of nicotine vaping liquids. Once vitamin E acetate was identified as a potential causative agent a quantitative method based on a simple sample dilution, separation by gas chromatography and analysis by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC MSMS) was developed. Method detection limit (MDL) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined at 0. ...[more]

PMID: 34966718

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Project description:As of February 18, 2020, the e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (EVALI) outbreak caused the hospitalization of a total of 2,807 patients and claimed 68 lives in the United States. Though investigations have reported a strong association with vitamin E acetate (VEA), evidence from reported EVALI cases is not sufficient to rule out the contribution of other chemicals of concern, including chemicals in either THC or non-THC products. This study characterized chemicals evolved when diluent oils were heated to temperatures that mimic e-cigarette, or vaping, products (EVPs) to investigate production of potentially toxic chemicals that might have caused lung injury. VEA, vitamin E, coconut, and medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil were each diluted with ethanol and then tested for constituents and impurities using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Undiluted oils were heated at 25°C (control), 150°C, and 250°C in an inert chamber to mimic a range of temperatures indicative of aerosolization from EVPs. Volatilized chemicals were collected using thermal desorption tubes, analyzed using a GC/MS, and identified. Presence of identified chemicals was confirmed using retention time and ion spectra matching with analytic standards. Direct analysis of oils, as received, revealed that VEA and vitamin E were the main constituents of their oils, and coconut and MCT oils were nearly identical having two main constituents: glycerol tricaprylate and 2-(decanoyloxy) propane-1,3-diyl dioctanoate. More chemicals were measured and with greater intensities when diluent oils were heated at 250°C compared to 150°C and 25°C. Vitamin E and coconut/MCT oils produced different chemical emissions. The presence of some identified chemicals is of potential health consequence because many are known respiratory irritants and acute respiratory toxins. Exposure to a mixture of hazardous chemicals may be relevant to the development or exacerbation of EVALI, especially when in concert with physical damage caused by lung deposition of aerosols produced by aerosolizing diluent oils.

Project description:Nearly two years after vitamin E acetate (VEA) was identified as the potential cause of the 2019-2020 outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping product-associated lung injuries (EVALI), the toxicity mechanisms of VEA vaping are still yet to be fully understood. Studies since the outbreak have found that e-liquids such as VEA undergo thermal degradation during the vaping process to produce various degradation products, which may pose a greater risk of toxicity than exposure to unvaped VEA. Additionally, a wide range of customizable parameters-including the model of e-cigarette used, puffing topography, or the applied power/temperature used to generate aerosols-have been found to influence the physical properties and chemical compositions of vaping emissions. However, the impact of heating coil temperature on the chemical composition of VEA vaping emissions has not been fully assessed. In this study, we investigated the emission product distribution of VEA vaping emissions produced at temperatures ranging from 176 to 356°C, corresponding to a variable voltage vape pen set at 3.3 to 4.8V. VEA degradation was found to be greatly enhanced with increasing temperature, resulting in a shift towards the production of lower molecular weight compounds, such as the redox active duroquinone (DQ) and short-chain alkenes. Low temperature vaping of VEA resulted in the production of long-chain molecules, such as phytol, exposure to which has been suggested to induce lung damage in previous studies. Furthermore, differential product distribution was observed in VEA degradation products generated from vaping and from pyrolysis using a tube furnace in the absence of the heating coil at equivalent temperatures, suggesting the presence of external factors such as metals or oxidation that may enhance VEA degradation during vaping. Overall, our findings indicate that vaping behavior may significantly impact the risk of exposure to toxic vaping products and potential for vaping-related health concerns.

Dataset Information

Vitamin E Acetate Determination in Vaping Liquids and Non-targeted Analysis of Vaping Emissions of Diluents of Concern, Vitamin E Acetate and Medium-Chain Triglycerides Oil.

Publications

Vitamin E Acetate Determination in Vaping Liquids and Non-targeted Analysis of Vaping Emissions of Diluents of Concern, Vitamin E Acetate and Medium-Chain Triglycerides Oil.

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