The Role of Helper T Cells in Psoriasis.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hu P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8714744 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:T helper 22 (Th22) cells are a newly identified subset of CD4+ T cells that secrete the effector cytokine interleukin 22 (IL-22) upon specific antigen stimulation, barely with IFN-γ or IL-17. Increasing studies have demonstrated that Th22 cells and IL-22 play essential roles in skin barrier defense and skin disease pathogenesis since the IL-22 receptor is widely expressed in the skin, especially in keratinocytes. Herein, we reviewed the characterization, differentiation, and biological activities of Th22 cells and elucidated their roles in skin health and disease. We mainly focused on the intricate crosstalk between Th22 cells and keratinocytes and provided potential therapeutic strategies targeting the Th22/IL-22 signaling pathway.
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Project description:Autoimmune diseases are primary immune diseases in which autoreactive antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes destroy and damage tissue and cellular components, resulting in tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Helper T cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases under certain conditions. This review summarizes recent research on the role of helper T cells in autoimmune diseases from two aspects, helper T cell-mediated production of autoantibodies by B cells and helper T cell-induced activation of abnormal lymphocytes, and provides ideas for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The abnormal expression of helper T cells promotes the differentiation of B cells that produce autoantibodies, which leads to the development of different diseases. Among them, abnormal expression of Th2 cells and T follicular helper cells is more likely to cause antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases. In addition, abnormal activation of helper T cells also mediates autoimmune diseases through the production of abnormal cytokines and chemokines. Helper T cells play an essential role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and a full understanding of their role in autoimmune diseases is helpful for providing ideas for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Project description:BackgroundPsoriasis patients developing psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are thought to go through different phases. Understanding the underlying events in these phases is crucial to diagnose PsA early. Here, we have characterized the circulating memory T helper (Th) cells in psoriasis patients with or without arthralgia, psoriasis patients who developed PsA during follow-up (subclinical PsA), early PsA patients and healthy controls to elucidate their role in PsA development.MethodsWe used peripheral blood mononuclear cells of sex and age-matched psoriasis patients included in Rotterdam Joint Skin study (n=22), early PsA patients included in Dutch South West Early Psoriatic Arthritis Cohort (DEPAR) (n=23) and healthy controls (HC; n=17). We profiled memory Th cell subsets with flow cytometry and used the machine learning algorithm FlowSOM to interpret the data.ResultsThree of the 22 psoriasis patients developed PsA during 2-year follow-up. FlowSOM identified 12 clusters of memory Th cells, including Th1, Th2, Th17/22, and Th17.1 cells. All psoriasis and PsA patients had higher numbers of Th17/22 than healthy controls. Psoriasis patients without arthralgia had lower numbers of CCR6-CCR4+CXCR3+ memory Th cells and higher numbers of CCR6+CCR4-CXCR3-memory Th cells compared to HC. PsA patients had higher numbers of Th2 cells and CCR6+CCR4+CXCR3- cells, but lower numbers of CCR6+CCR4+CXCR3+ memory Th cells compared to HC. The number of CCR6+ Th17.1 cells negatively correlated with tender joint counts and the number of CCR6+ Th17 cells positively correlated with skin disease severity.ConclusionsUnsupervised clustering analysis revealed differences in circulating memory Th cells between psoriasis and PsA patients compared to HC; however, no specific subset was identified characterizing subclinical PsA patients.
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Project description:Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease involving a cross-talk between epidermal and immune cells. The role of specific epidermal stem cell populations, including hair follicle stem cells (HF-SCs) in psoriasis is not well defined. Here, we show reduced expression of c-JUN and JUNB in bulge HF-SCs in patients with scalp psoriasis. Using lineage tracing in mouse models of skin inflammation with inducible deletion of c-Jun and JunB, we found that mutant bulge HF-SCs initiate epidermal hyperplasia and skin inflammation. Mechanistically, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was identified in mutant cells as a paracrine factor stimulating proliferation of neighboring non-mutant epidermal cells, while mutant inter-follicular epidermal (IFE) cells are lost over time. Blocking TSLP in psoriasis-like mice reduced skin inflammation and decreased epidermal proliferation, VEGFα expression, and STAT5 activation. These findings unravel distinct roles of HF-SCs and IFE cells in inflammatory skin disease and provide novel mechanistic insights into epidermal cell interactions in inflammation.
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Project description:Lung cancer development is associated with extensive pulmonary inflammation. In addition, the linkage between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer has been demonstrated in population-based studies. IL-17-producing CD4 helper T cells (Th17 cells) play a critical role in promoting chronic tissue inflammation. Although Th17 cells are found in human COPD and lung cancer, their role is not understood. We have thus used a mouse model of lung cancer, in which an oncogenic form of K-ras (K-ras(G12D)), frequently found in human lung cancer, is restrictedly expressed in lung epithelial cells [via Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP(cre))]. In this model, Th17 and Treg but not Th1 cells were found enriched at the tumor tissues. When CCSP(cre)/K-ras(G12D) mice were weekly challenged with a lysate of nontypeable Haemophilus influenza (NTHi), which induces COPD-type inflammation and accelerates the tumor growth, they showed greatly enhanced Th17 cell infiltration in the lung tissues. Lack of IL-17, but not IL-17F, resulted in a significant reduction in lung tumor numbers in CCSP(cre)/K-ras(G12D) mice and also those treated with NTHi. Absence of IL-17 not only resulted in reduction of tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis, but also decreased the expression of proinflammatory mediators and reduced recruitment of myeloid cells. Depletion of Gr-1(+)CD11b(+) myeloid cells in CCSP(cre)/K-ras(G12D) mice suppressed tumor growth in lung, indicating Gr-1(+)CD11b(+) myeloid cells recruited by IL-17 play a protumor role. Taken together, our data demonstrate a critical role for Th17 cell-mediated inflammation in lung tumorigenesis and suggest a novel way for prevention and treatment of this disease.
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Project description:T follicular helper (Tfh) cells were discovered just over a decade ago as germinal centre T cells that help B cells make antibodies. Included in this role is affinity maturation and isotype switching. It is here that their functions become less clear. Tfh cells principally produce IL-21 which inhibits class switching to IgE. Recent studies have questioned whether the germinal centre is the main site of IgE class switching or IgE affinity maturation. In this review, I will examine the evidence that these cells are responsible for regulating IgE class switching and the relationship between Tfh cells and T helper 2 (Th2) effector cells.
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Project description:Rationale: Pulmonary sarcoidosis is generally presumed to be a T-helper cell type 1- and macrophage-driven disease. However, mouse models have recently revealed that chronically inflamed lung tissue can also comprise T follicular helper (Tfh)-like cells and represents a site of active T-cell/B-cell cooperation. Objectives: To assess the role of pulmonary Tfh- and germinal center-like lymphocytes in sarcoidosis. Methods: BAL fluid, lung tissue, and peripheral blood samples from patients with sarcoidosis were analyzed by flow cytometry, immunohistology, RNA sequencing, and in vitro T-cell/B-cell cooperation assays for phenotypic and functional characterization of germinal center-like reactions in inflamed tissue. Measurements and Main Results: We identified a novel population of Tfh-like cells characterized by high expression of the B helper molecules CD40L and IL-21 in BAL of patients with sarcoidosis. Transcriptome analysis further confirmed a phenotype that was both Tfh-like and tissue resident. BAL T cells provided potent help for B cells to differentiate into antibody-producing cells. In lung tissue, we observed large peribronchial infiltrates with T and B cells in close contact, and many IgA+ plasmablasts. Most clusters were nonectopic; that is, they did not contain follicular dendritic cells. Patients with sarcoidosis also showed elevated levels of PD-1high CXCR5- CD40Lhigh ICOShigh Tfh-like cells, but not classical CXCR5+ Tfh cells, in the blood. Conclusions: Active T-cell/B-cell cooperation and local production of potentially pathogenic antibodies in the inflamed lung represents a novel pathomechanism in sarcoidosis and should be considered from both diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives.
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Project description:Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple genetic risk factors for psoriasis, but data on their association with age of onset have been marginally explored. The goal of this study was to evaluate known risk alleles of psoriasis for association with age of psoriasis onset in three well-defined case-only cohorts totaling 1,498 psoriasis patients. We selected 39 genetic variants from psoriasis GWAS and tested these variants for association with age of psoriasis onset in a meta-analysis. We found that rs10484554 and rs12191877 near HLA-C and rs17716942 near IFIH1 were associated with age of psoriasis onset with false discovery rate < 0.05. The association between rs17716942 and age of onset was not replicated in a fourth independent cohort of 489 patients (P = 0.94). The imputed HLA-C?06:02 allele demonstrated a much stronger association with age of psoriasis onset than rs10484554 and rs12191877. We conclude that despite the discovery of numerous psoriasis risk alleles, HLA-C?06:02 still plays the most important role in determining the age of onset of psoriasis. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the contribution of other risk alleles, including IFIH1, to age of psoriasis onset.
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Project description:Accumulating evidences indicate that the cellular and molecular microenvironment of follicular lymphoma (FL) has a key role in both lymphomagenesis and patient outcome. Malignant FL B cells are found admixed to specific stromal and immune cell subsets, in particular CD4(pos) T cells displaying phenotypic features of follicular helper T cells (T(FH)). The goal of our study was to functionally characterize intratumoral CD4(pos) T cells. We showed that CXCR5(hi)ICOS(hi)CD4(pos) T cells sorted from FL biopsies comprise at least two separate cell populations with distinct genetic and functional features: (i) CD25(pos) follicular regulatory T cells (T(FR)), and (ii) CD25(neg) T(FH) displaying a FL-B cell supportive activity without regulatory functions. Furthermore, despite their strong similarities with tonsil-derived T(FH), purified FL-derived T(FH) displayed a specific gene expression profile including an overexpression of several genes potentially involved directly or indirectly in lymphomagenesis, in particular TNF, LTA, IL4 or CD40LG. Interestingly, we further demonstrated that these two last signals efficiently rescued malignant B cells from spontaneous and rituximab-induced apoptosis. Altogether, our study demonstrates that tumor-infiltrating CD4(pos) T cells are more heterogeneous than previously presumed, and underlines for the first time the crucial role of T(FH) in the complex set of cellular interactions within FL microenvironment.
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Project description:T and B cells have been implicated in hypertension, but the mechanisms by which they produce a coordinated response is unknown. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells that produce interleukin 21 (IL21) promote germinal center (GC) B cell responses leading to immunoglobulin (Ig) production. Here we investigate the role of IL21 and Tfh cells in hypertension. In response to angiotensin (Ang) II-induced hypertension, T cell IL21 production is increased, and Il21-/- mice develop blunted hypertension, attenuated vascular end-organ damage, and decreased interleukin 17A (IL17A) and interferon gamma production. Tfh-like cells and GC B cells accumulate in the aorta and plasma IgG1 is increased in hypertensive WT but not Il21-/-mice. Furthermore, Tfh cell deficient mice develop blunted hypertension and vascular hypertrophy in response to Ang II infusion. Importantly, IL21 neutralization reduces blood pressure (BP) and reverses endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation. Moreover, recombinant IL21 impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation ex vivo and decreases nitric oxide production from cultured endothelial cells. Finally, we show in humans that peripheral blood T cell production of IL21 correlates with systolic BP and IL17A production. These data suggest that IL21 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of hypertension and its micro- and macrovascular complications.
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