The Borderline Bias in Explicit Emotion Interpretation.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hyniewska S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8715824 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundBorderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by severe deficits in social interactions, which might be linked to deficits in emotion recognition. Research on emotion recognition abilities in BPD revealed heterogeneous results, ranging from deficits to heightened sensitivity. The most stable findings point to an impairment in the evaluation of neutral facial expressions as neutral, as well as to a negative bias in emotion recognition; that is the tendency to attribute negative emotions to neutral expressions, or in a broader sense to report a more negative emotion category than depicted. However, it remains unclear which contextual factors influence the occurrence of this negative bias. Previous studies suggest that priming by preceding emotional information and also constrained processing time might augment the emotion recognition deficit in BPD.MethodsTo test these assumptions, 32 female BPD patients and 31 healthy females, matched for age and education, participated in an emotion recognition study, in which every facial expression was preceded by either a positive, neutral or negative scene. Furthermore, time constraints for processing were varied by presenting the facial expressions with short (100 ms) or long duration (up to 3000 ms) in two separate blocks.ResultsBPD patients showed a significant deficit in emotion recognition for neutral and positive facial expression, associated with a significant negative bias. In BPD patients, this emotion recognition deficit was differentially affected by preceding emotional information and time constraints, with a greater influence of emotional information during long face presentations and a greater influence of neutral information during short face presentations.ConclusionsOur results are in line with previous findings supporting the existence of a negative bias in emotion recognition in BPD patients, and provide further insights into biased social perceptions in BPD patients.
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Project description:DNase I footprinting is an established assay for identifying transcription factor (TF)-DNA interactions with single base pair resolution. High throughput DNase-seq assays have recently been used to detect in vivo DNase footprints across the genome. A number of computational approaches have been developed to accurately identify DNase-seq footprints and these methods have been used as a predictor of TF-DNA interactions by itself or in combination with other epigenetic features. However, recent studies have pointed to a substantial cleavage bias of DNase and its impact on footprinting, casting doubts on its predictive performance. To assess the potential for using DNaseI to identify individual binding sites, we performed DNase-seq experiments on deproteinized naked genomic DNA isolated from two different cell types and determined sequence cleavage bias associated with the DNase-seq protocol. This allowed us to build cleavage bias corrected footprint models specific to individual transcription factors. The predictive performance of these DNase-seq-based binding site models demonstrated that predicted footprints corresponded to high confidence TF-DNA interactions.
2014-09-04 | GSE61105 | GEO
Project description:DNase I footprinting is an established assay for identifying transcription factor (TF)-DNA interactions with single base pair resolution. High throughput DNase-seq assays have recently been used to detect in vivo DNase footprints across the genome. A number of computational approaches have been developed to accurately identify DNase-seq footprints and these methods have been used as a predictor of TF-DNA interactions by itself or in combination with other epigenetic features. However, recent studies have pointed to a substantial cleavage bias of DNase and its impact on footprinting, casting doubts on its predictive performance. To assess the potential for using DNaseI to identify individual binding sites, we performed DNase-seq experiments on deproteinized naked genomic DNA isolated from two different cell types and determined sequence cleavage bias associated with the DNase-seq protocol. This allowed us to build cleavage bias corrected footprint models specific to individual transcription factors. The predictive performance of these DNase-seq-based binding site models demonstrated that predicted footprints corresponded to high confidence TF-DNA interactions. To quantify the DNase I sequence-dependent cleavage bias, we performed DNase-seq experiments using deproteinized DNA from K562 and MCF7 cell lines.
2014-09-04 | E-GEOD-61105 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging and event-related brain potential studies revealed that performing a cognitive task may suppress the preferential processing of emotional stimuli. However, these studies utilized simple and artificial tasks (i.e. letter, shape or orientation discrimination tasks), unfamiliar to the participants. The present event-related potential study examined the emotion-attention interaction in the context of a comparably more natural scene categorization task. Deciding whether a natural scene contains an animal or not is a familiar and meaningful task to the participants and presumed to require little attentional resources. The task images were presented centrally and were overlaid upon emotional or neutral background pictures. Thus, implicit emotion and explicit semantic categorization may compete for processing resources in neural regions implicated in object recognition. Additionally, participants passively viewed the same stimulus materials without the demand to categorize task images. Significant interactions between task condition and emotional picture valence were observed for the occipital negativity and late positive potential. In the passive viewing condition, emotional background images elicited an increased occipital negativity followed by an increased late positive potential. In contrast, during the animal-/non-animal-categorization task, emotional modulation effects were replaced by strong target categorization effects. These results suggest that explicit semantic categorization interferes with implicit emotion processing when both processes compete for shared resources.
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Project description:Uncontrollable emotional lability and impulsivity are a paramount phenomenon of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). This paper aims to review theories that entertain emotion dysregulation as the core deficit of BPD and a key factor in the etiology of BPD, in order, then, to propose the author's own theory, which arguably transcends certain limitations of the earlier ones. The author asserts that his psychodynamic theory explains the symptoms of BPD more thoroughly and it inspires a more parsimonious interpretation of brain imaging findings. In closing, the author draws implications of the proposed theory for clinical practice. He reports an efficacy study for treatment of emotion dysregulation based on that theory.
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Project description:Small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering (SWAXS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are complementary approaches that probe conformational transitions of biomolecules in solution, even in a time-resolved manner. However, the structural interpretation of the scattering signals is challenging, while MD simulations frequently suffer from incomplete sampling or from a force-field bias. To combine the advantages of both techniques, we present a method that incorporates solution scattering data as a differentiable energetic restraint into explicit-solvent MD simulations, termed SWAXS-driven MD, with the aim to direct the simulation into conformations satisfying the experimental data. Because the calculations fully rely on explicit solvent, no fitting parameters associated with the solvation layer or excluded solvent are required, and the calculations remain valid at wide angles. The complementarity of SWAXS and MD is illustrated using three biological examples, namely a periplasmic binding protein, aspartate carbamoyltransferase, and a nuclear exportin. The examples suggest that SWAXS-driven MD is capable of refining structures against SWAXS data without foreknowledge of possible reaction paths. In turn, the SWAXS data accelerates conformational transitions in MD simulations and reduces the force-field bias.
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Project description:Opiate dependence (OD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD), separately and together, are significant public health problems with poor treatment outcomes. BPD is associated with difficulties in emotion regulation, and brain-imaging studies in BPD individuals indicate differential activation in prefrontal cingulate cortices and their interactions with limbic regions. Likewise, a similar network is implicated in drug cue responsivity in substance abusers. The present, preliminary study used functional MRI to examine activation of this network in comorbid OD/BPD participants when engaged in an "oddball" task that required attention to a target in the context of emotionally negative distractors. Twelve male OD/BPD participants and 12 male healthy controls participated. All OD/BPD participants were taking the opiate replacement medication Suboxone, and a subset of participants was positive for substances of abuse on scan day. Relative to controls, OD/BPD participants demonstrated reduced activation to negative stimuli in the amygdala and anterior cingulate. Unlike previous studies that demonstrated hyperresponsivity in neural regions associated with affective processing in individuals with BPD versus healthy controls, comorbid OD/BPD participants were hyporesponsive to emotional cues. Future studies that also include BPD-only and OD-only groups are necessary to help clarify the individual and potentially synergistic effects of these two conditions.
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Project description:The effectiveness of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I), a treatment method employed to reduce social anxiety (SA), has been examined. However, the neural correlates of CBM-I remain unclear, and we aimed to elucidate brain activities during intervention and activity changes associated with CBM-I effectiveness in a pre-post intervention comparison. Healthy participants divided into two groups (CBM, control) were scanned before, during and after intervention using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Ambiguous social situations followed by positive outcomes were repeatedly imagined by the CBM group during intervention, while half of the outcomes in the control group were negative. Whole-brain analysis revealed that activation of the somatomotor and somatosensory areas, occipital lobe, fusiform gyrus and thalamus during intervention was significantly greater in the CBM than in the control group. Furthermore, altered activities in the somatomotor and somatosensory areas, occipital lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus during interpreting ambiguous social situations showed a significant group?×?change in SA interaction. Our result suggests that when facing ambiguous social situations, positive imagery instilled by CBM-I is recalled, and interpretations are modified to contain social reward. These findings may help to suggest an alternative manner of enhancing CBM-I effectiveness from a cognitive-neuroscience perspective.
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Project description:Emotion recognition is vital for social interactions, and atypical (or biased) emotion recognition has been linked to mental health disorders including depression and anxiety. However, biases in emotion recognition vary across studies, and it is unclear whether this reflects genuine group differences in psychological processes underlying emotion recognition or differences in methodologies. One common method to measure biases in emotion recognition involves morphing a face between two emotional expressions in different ratios and asking participants to categorise the faces as belonging to one of the two emotion categories ('direct-morphing' method). However, this method creates morphed faces that are not ecologically valid. Alternatively, faces may be morphed through a neutral expression ('morphing-through-neutral' method), which is more ecologically valid since emotional expressions usually start from a neutral face. To compare these two approaches, we measured emotion recognition biases using two morphing techniques in 136 participants who also completed measures of anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9). Biases obtained using the two methods differed significantly: In the direct-morphing method, participants perceived the central 50% happy/50% angry face as slightly happy, whereas in the morphing-through-neutral method the neutral face was seen as angry. There were no associations between biases and depression or anxiety scores for either morphing method. This study is the first to directly compare emotion recognition biases obtained using two different morphing methods and is a first step towards reconciling discrepancies in the literature.
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Project description:Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by an increased emotional sensitivity and dysfunctional capacity to regulate emotions. While amygdala and prefrontal cortex interactions are regarded as the critical neural mechanisms underlying these problems, the empirical evidence hereof is inconsistent. In the current study, we aimed to systematically test different properties of brain connectivity and evaluate the predictive power to detect borderline personality disorder. Patients with borderline personality disorder (n = 51), cluster C personality disorder (n = 26) and non-patient controls (n = 44), performed an fMRI emotion regulation task. Brain network analyses focused on two properties of task-related connectivity: phasic refers to task-event dependent changes in connectivity, while tonic was defined as task-stable background connectivity. Three different network measures were estimated (strength, local efficiency, and participation coefficient) and entered as separate models in a nested cross-validated linear support vector machine classification analysis. Borderline personality disorder vs. non-patient controls classification showed a balanced accuracy of 55%, which was not significant under a permutation null-model, p = 0.23. Exploratory analyses did indicate that the tonic strength model was the highest performing model (balanced accuracy 62%), and the amygdala was one of the most important features. Despite being one of the largest data-sets in the field of BPD fMRI research, the sample size may have been limited for this type of classification analysis. The results and analytic procedures do provide starting points for future research, focusing on network measures of tonic connectivity, and potentially focusing on subgroups of BPD.
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