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Active pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine groups: Their group identities and attitudes toward science.

ABSTRACT: Vaccine rejection is a problem severely impacting the global society, especially considering the COVID-19 outbreak. The need to understand the psychological mechanisms underlying the active involvement of the pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine movements is therefore very important both from a theoretical and practical perspective. This paper investigates the group identities of people with positive and negative attitudes towards vaccination, and their attitudes toward general science. A targeted sample study of 192 pro-vaccine and 156 anti-vaccine group members showed that the group identity of pro-vaccine individuals is higher than of anti-vaccine individuals. and that both pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine individuals had a positive attitude toward science. Results are discussed in context of the heterogeneity of motivations causing vaccine rejection and the relation between active involvement in online discussion and group identity.

SUBMITTER: Maciuszek J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8717991 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Active pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine groups: Their group identities and attitudes toward science.

Maciuszek Józef J Polak Mateusz M Stasiuk Katarzyna K Doliński Dariusz D

PloS one 20211230 12

Vaccine rejection is a problem severely impacting the global society, especially considering the COVID-19 outbreak. The need to understand the psychological mechanisms underlying the active involvement of the pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine movements is therefore very important both from a theoretical and practical perspective. This paper investigates the group identities of people with positive and negative attitudes towards vaccination, and their attitudes toward general science. A targeted sampl ...[more]

PMID: 34969055

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Project description:IntroductionAs Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause a range of congenital anomalies, pregnant women may be a target population for vaccination in future outbreaks. Their inclusion in vaccine trials is critical to ensure safe and effective vaccines in pregnancy. Though many vaccine candidates are in development, pregnant women's willingness to participate in Zika virus vaccine research is unknown. This study aims to describe pregnant women's attitudes toward Zika virus vaccine research participation, as well as perceived barriers to and facilitators of enrollment.MethodsPregnant and recently postpartum women (n = 128) attending prenatal care at Massachusetts General Hospital completed surveys querying their willingness to participate in four hypothetical Zika virus vaccine trials and their motivations for participation. Demographics, information on prior Zika virus exposure, and vaccine acceptance were collected.ResultsMost women (77%) accepted participation in at least one hypothetical Zika virus vaccine trial, and women were significantly more likely to accept prospective enrollment in an inactivated vaccine trial compared to a live-attenuated vaccine trial (p-value <0.0001) or a nucleic acid-based vaccine trial (p-value <0.0444). Important motivators for participation included evidence from research with pregnant and non-pregnant people, a desire to protect the baby from Zika, perceptions of vaccine safety, and provider recommendation.ConclusionsA majority of women in this cohort were willing to participate in a Zika virus vaccine trial while pregnant, however, differences in acceptance exist between vaccine platforms. The high value placed on evidence by participants highlights the importance of gathering and communicating pregnancy-specific data to potential research participants and their providers. Women's motivations for accepting research participation during pregnancy are important to inform the Zika virus vaccine research agenda, candidate prioritization, and trial design.

Project description:Limited access to corneal tissue for transplantation remains a challenge in many parts of the world. To date, little attention has been paid to the problem of the cornea donor shortage in Poland, where the number of waiting patients exceeds the number of transplants performed three-fold. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and willingness towards participating in corneal donation among different social groups in Poland. This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted among health professionals, medical students, clerics, teachers, journalists, employees and patients of the District Railway Hospital in Katowice. Online and paper questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic data and information regarding awareness of, knowledge about and attitudes toward corneal donation. For health professionals and medical students, the questionnaires contained additional questions concerning knowledge and solutions for expanding the donor pool. Descriptive analysis and associations were evaluated using the chi2 test. In the survey, 1026 participants took part, including 370 (36.06%, group 1) health professionals and 656 (63.94%, group 2) participants from a non-medical field. A total of 330 (89.18%) from group 1 and 528 (80.49%) respondents from group 2 expressed willingness to donate their corneas. The main reason for refusal of donation in both groups was a lack of knowledge concerning eye donation (7.8%). A social campaign (64.6%) was the most frequently chosen solution for increasing the number of potential donors by health professionals and medical students. In the group of doctors, not knowing how to report a potential donor was chosen as the greatest source of difficulty in donor reporting (40%). In the present study, the willingness to donate one's eyes was substantial in both groups. Social campaigns and improving knowledge concerning the donor reporting process among health professionals might be beneficial in expanding the donor pool.

Project description:IntroductionThere is a paucity of information regarding providers' attitudes toward gastric-protective strategies with concurrent use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We aimed to assess gastric-protective strategies used upon prescribing NSAIDs and providers' awareness of societal guidelines for preventing NSAID-induced gastric complications.MethodsA standardized 10-item questionnaire was sent to all orthopedic providers in North Carolina and South Carolina. The survey design and refinement were based on a literature review, item generation, and small and large focus group discussions.ResultsForty-two orthopedists responded to the survey (response rate 16%). The most frequently used NSAIDs were meloxicam (79%), naproxen (69%), and ibuprofen (64%). NSAIDs were most commonly prescribed on an as-needed basis (52%), followed by <3 months (43%). The most common indications were degenerative arthritis (95%) and herniated disk (45%). Gastrointestinal adverse effects of NSAIDs were managed by discontinuing NSAID therapy (73%) or switching to a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (40%). A small proportion were managed by referring to another physician (36%). Some clinicians prescribed gastric prophylaxis for patients at high risk for NSAID-induced gastric complications (24%). The academic setting was significantly associated with gastric prophylaxis and frequent assessment for NSAID-induced gastric adverse events. Providers with >20 years of experience showed similar trends. In low-risk patients, compliance with gastroprotective prophylaxis prescription was low (5%). Most providers were unaware of the societal guidelines for NSAID-induced gastric complications or the preventive strategies.ConclusionPrescription of gastric-protective medications with concurrent NSAID therapy is relatively low among orthopedists. Academic setting and higher years of experience showed a significant trend toward more gastric-protective medication prescription, COX-2 inhibitor use, and frequent assessments for gastric adverse events when prescribing NSAID therapy. Provider education on the latest societal guidelines and computer-based alerts can increase compliance and assessment for NSAID-induced gastric complications and preventive strategies.

Dataset Information

Active pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine groups: Their group identities and attitudes toward science.

Publications

Active pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine groups: Their group identities and attitudes toward science.

Similar Datasets

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