Bronchial Artery Angiographic Aspects of COVID-19.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chau Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8719007 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic represents a so far unknown challenge for the medical community. Autopsies are important for studying this disease, but their safety was challenged at the beginning of the pandemic.ObjectivesTo determine whether COVID-19 autopsies can be performed under existing legal conditions and which safety standards are required.Materials and methodsThe autopsy procedure undertaken in five institutions in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland is detailed with respect to legal and safety standards.ResultsIn all institutions the autopsies were performed in technically feasible rooms. The personal equipment consisted of functional clothing including a disposable gown and apron, a surgical cap, eye protection, FFP?3 masks, and two pairs of gloves. In four institutions, complete autopsies were performed; in one institution the ultrasound-guided biopsy within the postmortal imaging and biopsy program. The latter does not allow the appreciation of gross organ pathology; however, it is able to retrieve standardized biopsies for diagnostic and research purposes. Several scientific articles in highly ranked journals resulted from these autopsies and allowed deep insights into organ damage and conclusions to better understand the pathomechanisms. Viral RNA was frequently detectable in the COVID-19 deceased, but the issue of infectivity remains unresolved and it is questionable if Ct values are greater than 30.ConclusionsWith appropriate safeguards, autopsies of people who have died from COVID-19 can be performed safely and are highly relevant to medical research.
| S-EPMC7903213 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-BSST563 | biostudies-other
Project description:In the absence of therapeutic interventions, and a possible vaccine candidate, the spread of COVID-19 disease and associated fatalities are on the rise. The high mutation frequency in the genomic material of these viruses supports their ability to adapt to new environments, resulting in an efficient alteration in tissue tropism and host range. Therefore, the coronavirus' health threats could be relevant for the long-term. The epidemiological data indicate that age, sex, and cardio-metabolic disease have a significant impact on the spread and severity of COVID-19. In this review, we highlight recent updates on the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 among men and women, including children. We also discuss the role of the cellular receptors and coreceptors used by the virus to enter host cells on differential infection among men, women, and cardio-metabolic patients.
| S-EPMC7400297 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this article is to explain the clinical benefits of the growing knowledge about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In addition to the lungs, SARS-CoV?2 can invade multiple cell types in other organs, such as the kidneys and replicate there. Important damaging pathways of the virus, such as vascular endotheliitis, thrombotic events and systemic cytokine release are still incompletely understood. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a systemic disease that necessitates intensive medical care and in particular, internal medicine involvement and represents a major challenge for all disciplines of internal medicine. Among these, nephrology in particular is involved in the fight against COVID-19 in a variety of ways: urine investigations can provide indications of multiple organ involvement, endotheliitis, microthrombi and microcirculation damage, etc. Experience with low serum albumin levels and antithrombin III activity in nephrotic patients helps to point out the decreasing effects of loop diuretics and heparin to other specialist disciplines. Nephrological knowledge of the complications of hypoalbuminemia and "resistance" to diuretics must lead to an early implementation of renal replacement procedures in order to be able to prevent mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 intensive care patients with increased extracellular lung fluid. The kidneys can be used as a seismograph for severe courses of COVID-19 and nephrological knowledge can be brought to use to optimize the intensive medical care for critically ill patients. Both together have the potential to considerably reduce morbidity and mortality further.
| S-EPMC7731728 | biostudies-literature
Project description:COVID-19 is the most impacting global pandemic of all times with over 600 million infected and 6.5 million deaths worldwide, in addition to an unprecedented economic impact. Despite the many advances in scientific knowledge about the disease, much remains to be clarified about the molecular alterations induced by SARS-COV-2 infection. For this reason, it is urgent to carry out studies that help to clarify the molecular changes after SARS-COV-2 infection. In this work, we show a hybrid proteomics and in silico interactomics strategy to establish a COVID-19 salivary protein profile. The differential proteome was narrowed down by PLS-DA tool and the enrichment analysis was performed with FunRich. In parallel OralInt was used to determine interspecies PPIs between humans and SARS-CoV-2. Five dysregulated biological processes were identified in COVID-19 proteome profile: Apoptosis, Energy Pathways, Immune Response, Protein Metabolism and Transport. Interactomics analysis allowed the identification of new PPIs between the virus and the host, representing molecular aspects that could be important to understand this disease.
2023-03-11 | PXD036571 | Pride
Project description:Introduction: Vaccines and drugs for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 require robust evidence generated from clinical trials before they can be used. Decisions on how to apply non-pharmaceutical interventions such as quarantine, self-isolation, social distancing and travel restrictions should also be based on evidence. There are some experiential and mathematical modelling data for these interventions, but there is a lack of data on the social, ethical and behavioural aspects of these interventions in the literature. Therefore, our study aims to produce evidence to inform (non-pharmaceutical) interventions such as communications, quarantine, self-isolation, social distancing, travel restrictions and other public health measures for the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study will be conducted in the United Kingdom, Italy, Malaysia and Thailand. We propose to conduct 600-1000 quantitative surveys and 25-35 qualitative interviews per country. Data collection will follow the following four themes: (1) Quarantine and self-isolation (2) social distancing and travel restrictions (3) wellbeing and mental health (4) information, misinformation and rumours. In light of limitations of travel and holding in-person meetings, we will use online/remote methods for collecting data. Study participant will be adults who have provided informed consent from different demographic, socio-economic and risk groups. Discussion: At the time of writing, United Kingdom, Italy, Malaysia and Thailand have initiated strict public health measures and varying degrees of "lockdowns" to curb the pandemic. It is anticipated that these public health measures will continue in some countries (e.g. Italy, Malaysia) or be tightened further in other countries (e.g. Thailand, UK) to control the spread of the disease in the coming weeks and months. The data generated from our study could inform these strategies in real time.
| S-EPMC7355217 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Bronchial artery angiography with embolization has become a mainstay in the treatment of hemoptysis. Major complications are rare and immediate clinical success defined as cessation of hemorrhage ranges in most series from 85% to 100%, although recurrence of hemorrhage ranges from 10% to 33%. Bronchial artery embolization offers a minimally invasive procedure for even the most compromised patient serving as first-line treatment for hemorrhage as well as providing a bridge to more definitive medical or surgical intervention focused upon the etiology of the hemorrhage. The aim of this article is to summarize the etiologies, pathophysiology, and the diagnostic and management strategies of hemoptysis as related to bronchial artery embolization. In addition, the techniques of arteriography and embolization as well as associated procedural outcomes and complications are delineated.
| S-EPMC3140255 | biostudies-other
Project description: Not available
| S-BSST416 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundBronchial Dieulafoy's disease (BDD) is a vascular malformation characterized by the presence of a dysplastic artery in the bronchial submucosa. It is very rare in children but potentially fatal due to life-threatening hemoptysis.Case descriptionAn 8-year-old boy and a 6-year-old girl were referred to our hospital with recurrent moderate to massive hemoptysis. Intraluminal protrusions with a tendency to bleed were found by bronchoscopy in both patients. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed an abnormal bronchial artery in one patient and a small intraluminal nodule with contrast enhancement in the other. An enlarged bronchial artery and bronchial-to-pulmonary fistulae corresponding to the lesion site were detected by bronchial arteriography in both patients. Based on the radiological findings, the diagnosis of BDD was established. Subsequent bronchial artery embolization (BAE) was successful, and no recurrence of hemoptysis was observed during the 15- to 18-month follow-up.ConclusionsOur cases highlighted the importance of considering BDD in the context of hemoptysis and endobronchial protrusion in children. Bronchial arteriography plays a critical role in diagnosis, especially in cases where CTA does not reveal vascular malformations. Early identification is essential as biopsy is contraindicated. BAE may be an appropriate treatment to improve the prognosis of children with BDD.
| S-EPMC9926130 | biostudies-literature