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The complete chloroplast genome of Vandenboschia striata, a common and widespread filmy fern (Hymenophyllaceae)

ABSTRACT: Abstract Vandenboschia striata is a common and widespread filmy fern of Hymenophyllaceae. Its complete chloroplast genome is 147,014 bp in length, including a large single copy (LSC) region of 89,886 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 20,850 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 18,139 bp. Totally, 132 genes are predicted in the cp genome embodies, including 88 protein coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. A maximum-likelihood tree was constructed to explore phylogenetic relationship. The result showed that V. striata was sister to V.speciosa with 100% bootstrap support. The complete chloroplast genome sequences of V. striata would be beneficial to further phylogenetic survey on classification of the related species or genera in Hymenophyllaceae.

SUBMITTER: Wang R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8725982 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Ferns have generally been neglected in studies of chloroplast genomics. Before this study, only one polypod and two basal ferns had their complete chloroplast (cp) genome reported. Tree ferns represent an ancient fern lineage that first occurred in the Late Triassic. In recent phylogenetic analyses, tree ferns were shown to be the sister group of polypods, the most diverse group of living ferns. Availability of cp genome sequence from a tree fern will facilitate interpretation of the evolutionary changes of fern cp genomes. Here we have sequenced the complete cp genome of a scaly tree fern Alsophila spinulosa (Cyatheaceae). RESULTS: The Alsophila cp genome is 156,661 base pairs (bp) in size, and has a typical quadripartite structure with the large (LSC, 86,308 bp) and small single copy (SSC, 21,623 bp) regions separated by two copies of an inverted repeat (IRs, 24,365 bp each). This genome contains 117 different genes encoding 85 proteins, 4 rRNAs and 28 tRNAs. Pseudogenes of ycf66 and trnT-UGU are also detected in this genome. A unique trnR-UCG gene (derived from trnR-CCG) is found between rbcL and accD. The Alsophila cp genome shares some unusual characteristics with the previously sequenced cp genome of the polypod fern Adiantum capillus-veneris, including the absence of 5 tRNA genes that exist in most other cp genomes. The genome shows a high degree of synteny with that of Adiantum, but differs considerably from two basal ferns (Angiopteris evecta and Psilotum nudum). At one endpoint of an ancient inversion we detected a highly repeated 565-bp-region that is absent from the Adiantum cp genome. An additional minor inversion of the trnD-GUC, which is possibly shared by all ferns, was identified by comparison between the fern and other land plant cp genomes. CONCLUSION: By comparing four fern cp genome sequences it was confirmed that two major rearrangements distinguish higher leptosporangiate ferns from basal fern lineages. The Alsophila cp genome is very similar to that of the polypod fern Adiantum in terms of gene content, gene order and GC content. However, there exist some striking differences between them: the trnR-UCG gene represents a putative molecular apomorphy of tree ferns; and the repeats observed at one inversion endpoint may be a vestige of some unknown rearrangement(s). This work provided fresh insights into the fern cp genome evolution as well as useful data for future phylogenetic studies.

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The complete chloroplast genome of Vandenboschia striata, a common and widespread filmy fern (Hymenophyllaceae)

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