Osthole Blocks HMGB1 Release From the Nucleus and Confers Protective Effects Against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Dai Q
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8727455 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is highly expressed in renal tissues and a critical regulator of vascular function. We hypothesized that deletion of SOD3 would attenuate recovery of renal blood flow (RBF) and increase oxidative stress and injury following renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). To test this, we evaluated SOD expression and activity, basal superoxide production, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity in kidneys from male and female wild-type (WT) and SOD3-knockout mice. RBF, measured using an ultrasonic flow probe, and histological indices of oxidative stress and injury were assessed after 1 h of ischemia. Following ischemia, RBF was attenuated in kidneys from male, but not female, knockout mice compared with their WT counterparts. Total SOD activity was significantly reduced in male knockout compared with WT male mice but was similar in female mice of both genotypes, suggesting upregulated SOD1 activity. Basal superoxide production and NADPH oxidase activity were unrelated to the differences in RBF. After 24 h, kidneys from both genders of knockout mice were found to have more oxidative stress (3-nitrotyrosine immunohistochemistry) and renal cast formation than those from WT mice. Thus, our study found a key role for SOD3 in regulating renal I/R injury.
| S-EPMC3888358 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Astaxanthin (ATX) is a powerful antioxidant that occurs naturally in a wide variety of living organisms. Previous studies have shown that ATX has effects of eliminating oxygen free radicals and can protect organs from ischemia/reperfusion (IR) induced injury. The present study was designed to further investigate the protective effects of ATX on oxidative stress induced toxicity in tubular epithelial cells and on IR induced renal injury in mice. ATX, at a concentration of 250 nM, attenuated 100 μM H2O2-inudced viability decrease of tubular epithelial cells. In vivo, ATX preserved renal function 12 h or 24 h post IR. Pretreatment of ATX via oral gavage for 14 consecutive days prior to IR dramatically prevented IR induced histological damage 24 h post IR. Histological results showed that the pathohistological score, number of apoptotic cells, and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin were significantly decreased by pretreatment of ATX. In addition, oxidative stress and inflammation in kidney samples were significantly reduced by ATX 24 h post IR. Taken together, the current study suggests that pretreatment of ATX is effective in preserving renal function and histology via antioxidant activity.
| S-EPMC4323259 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesIschemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Two promising preconditioning methods for the kidney, intermittent arterial clamping (IC) and treatment with the hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride, have never been directly compared. Furthermore, the protective efficacy of the chemically related transition metal Zn2+ against renal IRI is unclear. Although Co2+ ions have been shown to protect the kidney via hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), the effect of Zn2+ ions on the induction of HIF1?, HIF2? and HIF3? has not been investigated previously.Materials and methodsThe efficacy of different preconditioning techniques was assessed using a Sprague-Dawley rat model of renal IRI. Induction of HIF proteins following Zn2+ treatment of the human kidney cell lines HK-2 (immortalized normal tubular cells) and ACHN (renal cancer) was measured using Western Blot.ResultsFollowing 40 minutes of renal ischemia in rats, cobalt preconditioning offered greater protection against renal IRI than IC as evidenced by lower peak serum creatinine and urea concentrations. ZnCl2 (10 mg/kg) significantly lowered the creatinine and urea concentrations compared to saline-treated control rats following a clinically relevant 60 minutes of ischemia. Zn2+ induced expression of HIF1? and HIF2? but not HIF3? in HK-2 and ACHN cells.ConclusionZnCl2 preconditioning protects against renal IRI in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are warranted to determine the possible mechanisms involved, and to assess the benefit of ZnCl2 preconditioning for clinical applications.
| S-EPMC5501469 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTo investigate the protective effects of exogenous spermine on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods(I) Different doses of spermine were injected into rats to determine the safe dose on the kidneys. Kidney toxicity was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of kidney tissue and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) in the venous blood. (II) A rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury was established. Different doses of spermine were injected into the rats through the tail vein 30 minutes before and 3 days after the establishment of the model. Blood samples and kidney tissues were collected and renal injury was assessed via HE staining of the renal tissue, detection of apoptosis using the TUNEL assay, and detection of NGAL and KIM-1 in blood samples using ELISA. (III) Human HK-2 renal tubular epithelial cells were cultured under hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions. To evaluate the protective effects of spermine, apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. The mechanisms underlying the effects of spermine were studied using Western blot analyses.ResultsAt spermine concentrations below 200 µM (2 mL/kg body weight), no significant damage to the kidney was observed by HE staining, and there was no significant difference in NGAL and KIM-1 levels between rats treated with spermine and control rats (P<0.05). At spermine doses below 200 µM, HE staining showed that the degree of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury was gradually alleviated with increasing doses of spermine. TUNEL assays demonstrated that spermine reduced the apoptosis of renal tissue, and increasing doses of spermine gradually decreased the levels of NGAL and KIM-1 in the blood compared with the control group (P<0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that spermine increased the expression of pro-caspase9, phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), and decreased the expression of cleaved caspase-3, Bax and cytochrome C compared to control cells.ConclusionsExogenous spermine exerted a protective effect on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells.
| S-EPMC8185668 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is a common pathological process that causes kidney injury. Previous studies have indicated that both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and microRNA-21 (miR-21) exert protective effects against RIRI. However, their relationship is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of the PPARγ/miR-21/programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) axis in IRI, both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro cell hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and in vivo RIRI models were established, and cell viability, cell apoptosis, and key molecule expression profiles were analyzed. Our results showed that both PPARγ and miR-21 had protective effects against RIRI to varying degrees, and there was an interaction between PPARγ and miR-21. PPARγ could promote the expression of miR-21 and partially protect against RIRI by reducing the level of the miR-21 target protein (PDCD4). Our findings underscore the potential utility of future clinical investigations of PPARγ activation and targeting of the underlying miR-21/PDCD4/caspase-3 pathway, which may participate in the pathogenesis of human IRI.
| S-EPMC9448582 | biostudies-literature
Project description:High mobility group box1 (HMGB1) promotes inflammatory injury, and accumulating evidence suggests that it plays a key role in brain ischemia reperfusion (I/R), as well as the development of diabetes mellitus (DM). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether HMGB1 plays a role in brain I/R in a DM mouse model. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a high-calorie diet and streptozotocin treatment, and cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. We examined HMGB1 levels following cerebral I/R injury in DM and non-DM mice and evaluated the influence of altered HMGB1 levels on the severity of cerebral injury. Serum HMGB1 levels and the inflammatory factors IL-1?, IL-6, and inflammation-related enzyme iNOS were significantly elevated in DM mice with brain I/R compared with non-DM mice with brain I/R. Blocking HMGB1 function by intraperitoneal injection of anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibodies reversed the inflammatory response and the extent of brain damage, suggesting that HMGB1 plays an important role in cerebral ischemic stroke in diabetic mice.
| S-EPMC5112296 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe sympathetic nervous system regulates immune cell dynamics. However, the detailed role of sympathetic signaling in inflammatory diseases is still unclear because it varies according to the disease situation and responsible cell types. This study focused on identifying the functions of sympathetic signaling in macrophages in LPS-induced sepsis and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).MethodsWe performed RNA sequencing of mouse macrophage cell lines to identify the critical gene that mediates the anti-inflammatory effect of β2-adrenergic receptor (Adrb2) signaling. We also examined the effects of salbutamol (a selective Adrb2 agonist) in LPS-induced systemic inflammation and renal IRI. Macrophage-specific Adrb2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice and the adoptive transfer of salbutamol-treated macrophages were used to assess the involvement of macrophage Adrb2 signaling.ResultsIn vitro, activation of Adrb2 signaling in macrophages induced the expression of T cell Ig and mucin domain 3 (Tim3), which contributes to anti-inflammatory phenotypic alterations. In vivo, salbutamol administration blocked LPS-induced systemic inflammation and protected against renal IRI; this protection was mitigated in macrophage-specific Adrb2 cKO mice. The adoptive transfer of salbutamol-treated macrophages also protected against renal IRI. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that this protection was associated with the accumulation of Tim3-expressing macrophages in the renal tissue.ConclusionsThe activation of Adrb2 signaling in macrophages induces anti-inflammatory phenotypic alterations partially via the induction of Tim3 expression, which blocks LPS-induced systemic inflammation and protects against renal IRI.
| S-EPMC8425643 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Klotho is an antiaging substance with pleiotropic actions including regulation of mineral metabolism. It is highly expressed in the kidney and is present in the circulation and urine but its role in acute kidney injury (AKI) is unknown. We found that ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rodents reduced Klotho in the kidneys, urine, and blood, all of which were restored upon recovery. Reduction in kidney and plasma Klotho levels were earlier than that of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a known biomarker of kidney injury. Patients with AKI were found to have drastic reductions in urinary Klotho. To examine whether Klotho has a pathogenic role, we induced IRI in mice with different endogenous Klotho levels ranging from heterozygous Klotho haploinsufficient, to wild-type (WT), to transgenic mice overexpressing Klotho. Klotho levels in AKI were lower in haploinsufficient and higher in transgenic compared with WT mice. The haploinsufficient mice had more extensive functional and histological alterations compared with WT mice, whereas these changes were milder in overexpressing transgenic mice, implying that Klotho is renoprotective. Rats with AKI given recombinant Klotho had higher Klotho protein, less kidney damage, and lower NGAL than rats with AKI given vehicle. Hence, AKI is a state of acute reversible Klotho deficiency, low Klotho exacerbates kidney injury and its restoration attenuates renal damage and promotes recovery from AKI. Thus, endogenous Klotho not only serves as an early biomarker for AKI but also functions as a renoprotective factor with therapeutic potential.
| S-EPMC3237296 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRenal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) increases the rates of acute kidney failure, delayed graft function, and early mortality after kidney transplantation. The pathophysiology involved includes oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and immune-mediated injury. The anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammation properties of baicalin, a flavonoid glycoside isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, have been verified. This study therefore assessed the effects of baicalin against renal IRI in rats.MethodsBaicalin was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before renal ischemia. Serum and kidneys were harvested 24 h after reperfusion. Renal function and histological changes were assessed. Markers of oxidative stress, the Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 signaling pathway, mitochondrial stress, and cell apoptosis were also evaluated.ResultsBaicalin treatment decreased oxidative stress and histological injury, and improved kidney function, as well as inhibiting proinflammatory responses and tubular apoptosis. Baicalin pretreatment also reduced the expression of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, p-NF-κB, and p-IκB proteins, as well as decreasing caspase-3 activity and increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio.ConclusionsBaicalin may attenuate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting proinflammatory responses and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. These effects are associated with the TLR2/4 signaling pathway and mitochondrial stress.
| S-EPMC3893527 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is lethal and causes myocardial necrosis via time-dependent ischemia due to prolonged occlusion of the infarct-related artery. No effective therapy or potential therapeutic targets can prevent myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Targeted temperature management (TTM) may reduce peri-infarct regions by inhibiting the extracellular release of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) as a primary mediator of the innate immune response. We used a rat left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation model to determine if TTM at 33°C and 36°C had similar myocardial protective effects. Rats were divided into sham, LAD I/R+37°C normothermia, LAD I/R+33°C TTM, and LAD I/R+36°C TTM groups (n = 5 per group). To verify the cardioprotective effect of TTM by specifically inhibiting HMGB1, rats were assigned to sham, LAD I/R, and LAD I/R after pre-treatment with glycyrrhizin (known as a pharmacological inhibitor of HMGB1) groups (n = 5 per group). Different target temperatures of 33°C and 36°C caused equivalent reductions in infarct volume after myocardial I/R, inhibited the extracellular release of HMGB1 from infarct tissue, and suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines from peri-infarct regions. TTM at 33°C and 36°C significantly attenuated the elevation of cardiac troponin, a sensitive and specific marker of heart muscle damage, after injury. Similarly, glycyrrhizin alleviated myocardial damage by suppressing the extracellular release of HMGB1. TTM at 33°C and 36°C had equivalent myocardial protective effects by similar inhibiting HMGB1 release against myocardial I/R injury. This is the first study to suggest that a target core temperature of 36°C is applicable for cardioprotection.
| S-EPMC7840046 | biostudies-literature