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Author Correction: National parochialism is ubiquitous across 42 nations around the world.

ABSTRACT:

SUBMITTER: Romano A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8733016 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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National parochialism is ubiquitous across 42 nations around the world.

Project description:Cooperation within and across borders is of paramount importance for the provision of public goods. Parochialism - the tendency to cooperate more with ingroup than outgroup members - limits contributions to global public goods. National parochialism (i.e., greater cooperation among members of the same nation) could vary across nations and has been hypothesized to be associated with rule of law, exposure to world religions, relational mobility and pathogen stress. We conduct an experiment in participants from 42 nations (N = 18,411), and observe cooperation in a prisoner's dilemma with ingroup, outgroup, and unidentified partners. We observe that national parochialism is a ubiquitous phenomenon: it is present to a similar degree across the nations studied here, is independent of cultural distance, and occurs both when decisions are private or public. These findings inform existing theories of parochialism and suggest it may be an obstacle to the provision of global public goods.

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Author Correction: Diffraction-limited ultrabroadband terahertz spectroscopy.

Project description:An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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Kinlessness Around the World.

Project description:ObjectivesThe first and second demographic transitions have led to profound changes in family networks. However, the timing and extent of these transitions vary widely across contexts. We examine how common it is for contemporary older adults to lack living kin and whether such individuals are uniformly disadvantaged around the world.MethodsUsing surveys from 34 countries that together contain 69.6% of the world's population over age 50 and come from all regions of the world, we describe the prevalence and correlates of lacking immediate kin. We examine macro-level demographic indicators associated with the prevalence of kinlessness as well as micro-level associations between kinlessness and sociodemographic and health indicators.ResultsThere is great variation in levels of kinlessness, from over 10% with neither a spouse nor a biological child in Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Switzerland to levels below 2% in China and the Republic of Korea. There are strong macro-level relationships between kinlessness and lagged or contemporaneous fertility, mortality, and nuptiality measures and more marginal relationships with other demographic forces. Micro-level associations between kinlessness and respondent attributes are varied. The kinless are more likely to live alone than those with kin in all countries. In most countries, they have equivalent or worse self-rated health and lower education, although there are notable exceptions. There is substantial variation in the gender composition of the kinless population.DiscussionAs demographic changes affecting kinlessness continue, we expect the scale of the kinless population to grow around the world.

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Author Correction: Estimating illegal fishing from enforcement officers.

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Author Correction: Tailings facility disclosures reveal stability risks.

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Parental Burnout Around the Globe: a 42-Country Study.

Project description:High levels of stress in the parenting domain can lead to parental burnout, a condition that has severe consequences for both parents and children. It is not yet clear, however, whether parental burnout varies by culture, and if so, why it might do so. In this study, we examined the prevalence of parental burnout in 42 countries (17,409 parents; 71% mothers; Mage = 39.20) and showed that the prevalence of parental burnout varies dramatically across countries. Analyses of cultural values revealed that individualistic cultures, in particular, displayed a noticeably higher prevalence and mean level of parental burnout. Indeed, individualism plays a larger role in parental burnout than either economic inequalities across countries, or any other individual and family characteristic examined so far, including the number and age of children and the number of hours spent with them. These results suggest that cultural values in Western countries may put parents under heightened levels of stress.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-020-00028-4.

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Erratum: Author Correction: CRISPR-Cas12a-assisted nucleic acid detection.

Project description:[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s41421-018-0028-z.].

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Author Correction: Structure and mechanism of a methyltransferase ribozyme.

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Author Correction: Multistable and dynamic CRISPRi-based synthetic circuits.

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Author Correction: Comparative genomic analysis of eutherian connexin genes.

Project description:An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.