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Body shape and stable employment opportunity analysis of China's nonagricultural labor market.

ABSTRACT: Based on the integrated data of the China General Social Survey (CGSS) from 2010 to 2017, this study observes that body shape - being overweight or underweight - is important for labor market outcomes. Body shape significantly affects the employment opportunities of Chinese individuals, and this effect differs by gender and across the occupational hierarchy. Women face both slim premium and obesity penalty effects. Slim women, those with normal and lower but not excessively lower body weight, are more likely to gain long-term employment contracts in the labor market, while the opposite is observed for overweight individuals. The relationship between women's body shape and employment opportunities also varies by occupation. The obesity penalty is more pronounced in occupations with a higher International Socio-Economic Index (ISEI), while the slim premium is more evident in occupations with a low ISEI. The results suggest that the Chinese labor market is highly demanding regarding women's figures, while it is relatively tolerant of men's figures. By mechanism analysis, health capital is found to be the leading cause of the body shape effect. In addition, socialization is also a possible pathway of action. This paper has extended implications for the study of stature and employment stability, enriching the empirical research on labor market discrimination.

SUBMITTER: Li P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8733337 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Background: International medical graduates (IMGs) in Canada are individuals who received their medical education and training outside Canada. They undergo a complex licensing procedure in their host country and compete for limited opportunities available to become practicing physicians. Many of them cannot succeed or do not have the resources or interest to undergo this complex and unpredictable career pathway and seek alternative career options. In this study, we aimed to understand how IMGs integrate into the alternative job market, their demographic characteristics, and the types of jobs they undertake after moving to Canada. Methods: An anonymous cross-sectional, online, nationwide, and open survey was conducted among IMGs in Canada. In addition to demographic information, the questionnaire included information on employment status, types of jobs, professional experience, and level of medical education and practice (e.g., specialties, subspecialties, etc.). We conducted a survey of 1740 IMGs in total; however, we excluded responses from those IMGs who are currently working in a clinical setting, thus limiting the number of responses to 1497. Results: Of the respondents, 43.19% were employed and 56.81% were unemployed. Employed participants were more likely to be older males, have stayed longer in Canada, and had more senior-level job experience before moving to Canada. We also observed that the more years that had passed after graduation, the higher the likelihood of being employed. The majority of the IMGs were employed in health-related nonregulated jobs (50.45%). The results were consistent across other demographic characteristics, including different provinces, countries of origin, gender, time since graduation, and length of stay in Canada. Conclusions: This study found that certain groups of IMGs, such as young females, recent immigrants, recent graduates, and less experienced IMGs had a higher likelihood of being unemployed. These findings will inform policymakers, immigrant and professional service organizations, and researchers working for human resources and professional integration of skilled migrants to develop programs and improve policies to facilitate the employment of IMGs through alternative careers.

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Body shape and stable employment opportunity analysis of China's nonagricultural labor market.

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