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TNF-Like Ligand 1 Aberrance Aggravates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis via M1 Macrophage Polarization.

ABSTRACT: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive, chronic liver disease worldwide which imposes a large economic burden on society. M1/M2 macrophage balance destruction and recruitment of mononuclear immune cells to the liver play critical roles in NASH. Several studies have shown that the expression of TNF-like ligand 1 aberrance (TL1A) increased in macrophages associated with many inflammatory diseases, for example, inflammatory bowel disease, primary biliary cholangitis, and liver fibrosis. One recent research showed that weight, abdominal adipose, and liver leptin, one of the critical fat cytokines, were reduced in TL1A knockout mice. However, the functional and molecular regulatory mechanisms of TL1A on macrophage polarization and recruitment in NASH have yet to be clarified. The authors found that high fructose high fat diet and methionine-choline deficiency diet induced the expression of TL1A in macrophages of liver tissue from murine NASH models. Myeloid-specific TL1A overexpressed mice showed exacerbated steatohepatitis with increased hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, liver injury, and apoptosis. M1 macrophages' infiltration and the production of proinflammatory and chemotactic cytokines increased in liver of NASH mouse models with myeloid-specific TL1A overexpressed. Furthermore, this paper revealed that bone marrow-derived macrophages and Kupffer cells with overexpression of TL1A exacerbated the lipid accumulation and expression of proinflammatory factors in the murine primary hepatocytes after free fatty acid treatment in vitro. In conclusion, TL1A-mediated M1-type macrophage polarization and recruitment into the liver promoted steatohepatitis in murine NASH.

SUBMITTER: Luo Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8741351 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Underestimation of the complexity of pathogenesis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) significantly encumbers development of new drugs and targeted therapy strategies. Inactive rhomboid protein 2 (IRHOM2) has a multifunctional role in regulating inflammation, cell survival, and immunoreaction. Although cytokines and chemokines promote IRHOM2 trafficking or cooperate with partner factors by phosphorylation or ubiquitin ligases-mediated ubiquitination to perform physiological process, it remains unknown whether other regulators induce IRHOM2 activation via different mechanisms in NASH progression. Here the authors find that IRHOM2 is post-translationally S-palmitoylated at C476 in iRhom homology domain (IRHD), which facilitates its cytomembrane translocation and stabilization. Fatty-acids challenge can directly promote IRHOM2 trafficking by increasing its palmitoylation. Additionally, the authors identify Zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase 3 (ZDHHC3) as a key acetyltransferase required for the IRHOM2 palmitoylation. Fatty-acids administration enhances IRHOM2 palmitoylation by increasing the direct association between ZDHHC3 and IRHOM2, which is catalyzed by the DHHC (C157) domain of ZDHHC3. Meanwhile, a metabolic stresses-triggered increase of ZDHHC3 maintains palmitoylated IRHOM2 accumulation by blocking its ubiquitination, consequently suppressing its ubiquitin-proteasome-related degradation mediated by tripartite motif containing 31 (TRIM31). High-levels of ZDHHC3 protein abundance positively correlate with the severity of NASH phenotype in patient samples. Hepatocyte-specific dysfunction of ZDHHC3 significantly inhibits palmitoylated IRHOM2 deposition, therefore suppressing the fatty-acids-mediated hepatosteatosis and inflammation in vitro, as well as NASH pathological phenotype induced by two different high-energy diets (HFHC & WTDF) in the in vivo rodent and rabbit model. Inversely, specific restoration of ZDHHC3 in hepatocytes markedly provides acceleration over the course of NASH development via increasing palmitoylation of IRHOM2 along with suppression of ubiquitin degradation. The current work uncovers that ZDHHC3-induced palmitoylation is a novel regulatory mechanism and signal that regulates IRHOM2 trafficking, which confers evidence associating the regulation of palmitoylation with NASH progression.

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TNF-Like Ligand 1 Aberrance Aggravates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis via M1 Macrophage Polarization.

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