Multidrug resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence genes of Escherichia coli from backyard poultry farms.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Al-Marri T
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8743762 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance is increasingly becoming a global health concern. This study aimed to investigate and report MDR Escherichia coli (E. coli) prevalence, resistance, and virulence genes from poultry in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.MethodsThe samples were analyzed using microbiological standard methods and polymerase chain reactions (PCRs).ResultsA total of 179 cloacal swabs were collected from bothlocal and exotic poultry breeds, of which 99.4% (178/179) tested positive for E. coli. Among these culturally identified samples, 99.4% (177/178) were furtherconfirmed Escherichia coli with a molecular weight of 401 bp. Multidrugresistance of 45% (80/178) was observed from the confirmed isolates. PCR assays were conducted to detect genes associated with resistance to antibiotics, specifically, tetracycline (tetA gene), sulfonamide (sul1 gene), ampicillin (ampC gene), and quinolone (gyrA gene). Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) results revealed substantial antibiotic resistance, with 81.9% (145/177) of the isolates being resistant to tetracycline, 80.2% (142/177) to quinolone, 69.5% (123/177) to sulfonamide, and 66.1% (117/177) to ampicillin. Further analysis on 18 isolates that showed resistance to up to four different antibiotics was carried out using multiplex PCR to detect eae, hlyA, rfbE, fliC, and fstx virulence genes. The study found that 44.4% (15/18) of the isolates were positive for the eae gene, 27.7% (5/18) for stx, 22.2% (4/18) for rfbe gene, and 5.5% (1) for hlya gene, and none tested positive for fliC gene.ConclusionThese results showed high antibiotic resistance, virulent genes, and significant levels of MDR in E. coli from poultry. This study highlights the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship practices within the poultry industry due to their profound implications for food safety and public health. This issue is particularly critical in Nigeria, where poultry farming constitutes a significant portion of smallholder farming practices.
| S-EPMC11199394 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Backyard birds are small flocks that are more common in developing countries. They are used for poultry meat and egg production. However, they are also implicated in the maintenance and transmission of several zoonotic diseases, including multidrug-resistant bacteria. Enterococci are one of the most common zoonotic bacteria. They colonize numerous body sites and cause a wide range of serious nosocomial infections in humans. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the diversity in Enterococcus spp. in healthy birds and to determine the occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR), multi-locus sequence types, and virulence genes and biofilm formation. From March 2019 to December 2020, cloacal swabs were collected from 15 healthy backyard broiler flocks. A total of 90 enterococci strains were recovered and classified according to the 16S rRNA sequence into Enterococcus faecalis (50%); Enterococcus faecium (33.33%), Enterococcus hirae (13.33%), and Enterococcus avium (3.33%). The isolates exhibited high resistance to tetracycline (55.6%), erythromycin (31.1%), and ampicillin (30%). However, all of the isolates were susceptible to linezolid. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was identified in 30 (33.3%) isolates. The enterococci AMR-associated genes ermB, ermA, tetM, tetL, vanA, cat, and pbp5 were identified in 24 (26.6%), 11 (12.2%), 39 (43.3%), 34 (37.7%), 1 (1.1%), 4 (4.4%), and 23 (25.5%) isolates, respectively. Of the 90 enterococci, 21 (23.3%), 27 (30%), and 36 (40%) isolates showed the presence of cylA, gelE, and agg virulence-associated genes, respectively. Seventy-three (81.1%) isolates exhibited biofilm formation. A statistically significant correlation was obtained for biofilm formation versus the MAR index and MDR. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) identified eleven and eight different STs for E. faecalis and E. faecium, respectively. Seven different rep-family plasmid genes (rep1-2, rep3, rep5-6, rep9, and rep11) were detected in the MDR enterococci. Two-thirds (20/30; 66.6%) of the enterococci were positive for one or two rep-families. In conclusion, the results show that healthy backyard chickens could act as a reservoir for MDR and virulent Enterococcus spp. Thus, an effective antimicrobial stewardship program and further studies using a One Health approach are required to investigate the role of backyard chickens as vectors for AMR transmission to humans.
| S-EPMC8944505 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The emergence of plasmid-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) among enteric bacteria presents a serious challenge to the treatment of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Recent studies suggest that avian Escherichia coli commonly possess the ability to resist multiple antimicrobial agents, and might serve as reservoirs of MDR for human extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) and commensal E. coli populations. We determined antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for 2202 human and avian E. coli isolates, then sought for associations among resistance profile, plasmid content, virulence factor profile, and phylogenetic group. Avian-source isolates harbored greater proportions of MDR than their human counterparts, and avian ExPEC had higher proportions of MDR than did avian commensal E. coli. MDR was significantly associated with possession of the IncA/C, IncP1-α, IncF, and IncI1 plasmid types. Overall, inferred virulence potential did not correlate with drug susceptibility phenotype. However, certain virulence genes were positively associated with MDR, including ireA, ibeA, fyuA, cvaC, iss, iutA, iha, and afa. According to the total dataset, isolates segregated significantly according to host species and clinical status, thus suggesting that avian and human ExPEC and commensal E. coli represent four distinct populations with limited overlap. These findings suggest that in extraintestinal E. coli, MDR is most commonly associated with plasmids, and that these plasmids are frequently found among avian-source E. coli from poultry production systems.
| S-EPMC3250628 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Honey has been widely used against bacterial infection for centuries. Previous studies suggested that honeys in high concentrations inhibited bacterial growth due to the presence of anti-microbial compounds, such as methylglyoxal, hydrogen peroxide, and peptides. In this study, we found that three honeys (acacia, clover, and polyfloral) in a low concentration as below as 0.5% (v/v) significantly suppress virulence and biofilm formation in enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 affecting the growth of planktonic cells while these honeys do not harm commensal E. coli K-12 biofilm formation. Transcriptome analyses show that honeys (0.5%) markedly repress quorum sensing genes (e.g., AI-2 import and indole biosynthesis), virulence genes (e.g., LEE genes), and curli genes (csgBAC). We found that glucose and fructose in honeys are key compounds to reduce the biofilm formation of E. coli O157:H7 via suppressing curli production, but not that of E. coli K-12. Additionally, we observed the temperature-dependent response of honeys and glucose on commensal E. coli K-12 biofilm formation; honey and glucose increase E. coli K-12 biofilm formation at 37°C, while they decrease E. coli K-12 biofilm formation at 26°C. These results suggest that honey can be a practical tool for reducing virulence and colonization of the pathogenic E. coli O157:H7, while honeys do not harm commensal E. coli community in the human.
2012-03-31 | GSE28193 | GEO
Project description:The presence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors of 174 Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy Portuguese Gallus gallus was evaluated. Resistance profiles were determined against 33 antimicrobials by microbroth dilution. Resistance was prevalent for tetracycline (70%) and ampicillin (63%). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype was observed in 18% of the isolates. Multidrug resistance was found in 56% of isolates. A subset of 74 isolates were screened by DNA microarrays for the carriage of 88 antibiotic resistance genes and 62 virulence genes. Overall, 37 different resistance genes were detected. The most common were tet(A) (72%), blaTEM (68%), and sul1 (47%), while 21% isolates harbored an ESBL gene (blaCTX-M group 1, group 2, or group 9). Of these, 96% carried the increased serum survival (iss) virulence gene, while 89% presented the enterobactin siderophore receptor protein (iroN), 70% the temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin (tsh), and 68% the long polar fimbriae (lpfA) virulence genes associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. In conclusion, prevalence of antibiotic resistant E. coli from the microbiota of Portuguese chickens was high, including to extended spectrum cephalosporins. The majority of isolates seems to have the potential to trigger extraintestinal human infection due to the presence of some virulence genes. However, the absence of genes specific for enteropathogenic E. coli reduces the risk for human intestinal infection.
| S-EPMC4810406 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The extensive use of antibiotics has, in recent years, caused antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli to gradually develop into a worldwide problem. These resistant E. coli could be transmitted to humans through animal products and animal feces in the environment, thereby creating a problem for bacterial treatment for humans and animals and resulting in a public health issue. Monitoring the resistance of E. coli throughout the broiler fattening period is therefore of great significance for both the poultry industry and public health. In this longitudinal study, samples were taken from 6 conventional broiler fattening farms in Shandong Province, China, at 3 different times within 1 fattening period. The overall isolation rate of E. coli was 53.04% (375/707). Antibiotic resistance was very common in the E. coli isolated from these farms, and differed for different antibiotics, with ampicillin having the highest rate (92.86%) and cefoxitin the lowest (10.12%). Multidrug resistance was as high as 91.07%. More importantly, both the resistance rate of E. coli to the different drugs and the detection rate of drug resistance genes increased over time. The mobile colistin resistance (mcr-1) gene was detected in 24.40% of the strains, and these strains often carried other drug resistance genes, such as those conferring aminoglycoside, β-lactamase, tetracycline, and sulfonamide resistance. Antimicrobial resistance and drug resistance genes in E. coli were least common in the early fattening stage. The individual detection rates of sul1, sul3, aacC4, aphA3, and mcr-1 were significantly lower (P < 0.05) for the early fattening stage than for the middle and late stages. The rational use of antibiotics, in conjunction with the improvement of the breeding environment during the entire broiler fattening cycle, will be helpful in the development of the poultry industry and the protection of public health.
| S-EPMC7936140 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The ibeA gene is located on a genomic island, GimA, which is involved in the pathogenesis of neonatal meningitis Escherichia coli (NMEC) and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). The prevalence of ibeA in the APEC collection in China was investigated, and 20 of 467 strains (4.3%) were positive. In addition, analysis of the association of the E. coli reference (ECOR) groups with positive strains revealed that ibeA was linked to group B2. The ibeA gene in DE205B was analyzed and compared to those of APEC and NMEC, which indicated that the specificity of ibeA was not consistent along pathotypes. The invasion of chicken embryo fibroblast DF-1 cells by APEC DE205B and RS218 was observed, which suggested that DF-1 cells could be a model to study the mechanism of APEC invasion. The inactivation of ibeA in APEC DE205B led to the reduced capacity to invade DF-1 cells, defective virulence in vivo, and decreased biofilm formation compared to the wild-type strain. In addition, strain AAEC189 expressing ibeA exhibited enhanced invasion capacity and biofilm formation. The results of the quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis and animal system infection experiments indicated that the loss of ibeA decreased the colonization and proliferation capacities of APEC in the brain during system infection.
| S-EPMC3019902 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Honey has been widely used against bacterial infection for centuries. Previous studies suggested that honeys in high concentrations inhibited bacterial growth due to the presence of anti-microbial compounds, such as methylglyoxal, hydrogen peroxide, and peptides. In this study, we found that three honeys (acacia, clover, and polyfloral) in a low concentration as below as 0.5% (v/v) significantly suppress virulence and biofilm formation in enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 affecting the growth of planktonic cells while these honeys do not harm commensal E. coli K-12 biofilm formation. Transcriptome analyses show that honeys (0.5%) markedly repress quorum sensing genes (e.g., AI-2 import and indole biosynthesis), virulence genes (e.g., LEE genes), and curli genes (csgBAC). We found that glucose and fructose in honeys are key compounds to reduce the biofilm formation of E. coli O157:H7 via suppressing curli production, but not that of E. coli K-12. Additionally, we observed the temperature-dependent response of honeys and glucose on commensal E. coli K-12 biofilm formation; honey and glucose increase E. coli K-12 biofilm formation at 37°C, while they decrease E. coli K-12 biofilm formation at 26°C. These results suggest that honey can be a practical tool for reducing virulence and colonization of the pathogenic E. coli O157:H7, while honeys do not harm commensal E. coli community in the human. For the microarray experiments, E. coli O157:H7 EDL933 was inoculated in 250 ml of LB in 1000 ml flasks with overnight cultures that were diluted at 1:100. Cells were shaken with 10g of glass wool at 100 rpm and 37°C for 7 hrs. Cells were immediately chilled with dry ice and 95% ethanol (to prevent RNA degradation) for 30 sec before centrifugation in 50 ml centrifuge tubes at 13,000 g for 2 min; cell pellets were frozen immediately with dry ice and stored -80°C. RNA was isolated using Qiagen RNeasy mini Kit (Valencia, CA, USA). To eliminate DNA contamination, Qiagen RNase-free DNase I was used to digest DNA. RNA quality was assessed by Agilent 2100 bioanalyser using the RNA 6000 Nano Chip (Agilent Technologies, Amstelveen, The Netherlands), and quantity was determined by ND-1000 Spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies, Inc., DE, USA).
2012-03-30 | E-GEOD-28193 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In this study, microcosms were established to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on the multidrug resistance and biofilm-forming abilities of Escherichia coli. The expression of biofilm-formation-related genes was detected to establish correlations between genotype and phenotype. Different concentrations of N and P were added to make one control group and four treatment groups. The glass tube method was used to determine biofilm-forming capabilities. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA abundance of six biofilm-formation-related genes in E. coli. No resistant strains were isolated from the control group; meanwhile, multidrug resistance rates were high in the treatment groups. Expression of the biofilm-associated genes luxS, flhD, fliA, motA, and fimH was detected in all treatment groups; however, there was no expression of mqsR. The expression of luxS, flhD, fliA, motA, and fimH significantly correlated with the concentration of N and P, as well as with the appearance and duration of multidrug resistance in different groups. Overall, the results of this study suggest that biofilm-forming ability plays a key role in the formation of multidrug resistance in E. coli after the addition of N and P to a microcosm.
| S-EPMC5840168 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The emergence of novel pathogens poses a major public health threat causing widespread epidemics in susceptible populations. The Escherichia coli O104:H4 strain implicated in a 2011 outbreak in northern Germany caused the highest frequency of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and death ever recorded in a single E. coli outbreak. Therefore, it has been suggested that this strain is more virulent than other pathogenic E. coli (e.g., E. coli O157:H7). The E. coli O104:H4 outbreak strain possesses multiple virulence factors from both Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), though the mechanism of pathogenesis is not known. Here, we demonstrate that E. coli O104:H4 produces a stable biofilm in vitro and that in vivo virulence gene expression is highest when E. coli O104:H4 overexpresses genes required for aggregation and exopolysaccharide production, a characteristic of bacterial cells residing within an established biofilm. Interrupting exopolysaccharide production and biofilm formation may therefore represent effective strategies for combating future E. coli O104:H4 infections.
| S-EPMC3405000 | biostudies-literature