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STOP1 Regulates LKS1 Transcription and Coordinates K⁺/NH₄⁺ Balance in Arabidopsis Response to Low-K⁺ Stress.

ABSTRACT: Potassium and nitrogen are essential mineral elements for plant growth and development. The protein kinase LKS1/CIPK23 is involved in both K⁺ and NH₄⁺ uptake in Arabidopsis root. The transcripts of LKS1 can be induced by low K⁺ (0.1 mM) and high NH₄⁺ (30 mM); however, the molecular mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we isolated the transcription factor STOP1 that positively regulates LKS1 transcription in Arabidopsis responses to both low-K⁺ and high-NH₄⁺ stresses. STOP1 proteins can directly bind to the LKS1 promoter, promoting its transcription. The stop1 mutants displayed a leaf chlorosis phenotype similar to lks1 mutant when grown on low-K⁺ and high-NH₄⁺ medium. On the other hand, STOP1 overexpressing plants exhibited a similar tolerant phenotype to LKS1 overexpressing plants. The transcript level of STOP1 was only upregulated by low K⁺ rather than high NH₄⁺; however, the accumulation of STOP1 protein in the nucleus was required for the upregulation of LKS1 transcripts in both low-K⁺ and high-NH₄⁺ responses. Our data demonstrate that STOP1 positively regulates LKS1 transcription under low-K⁺ and high-NH₄⁺ conditions; therefore, LKS1 promotes K⁺ uptake and inhibits NH₄⁺ uptake. The STOP1/LKS1 pathway plays crucial roles in K⁺ and NH₄⁺ homeostasis, which coordinates potassium and nitrogen balance in plants in response to external fluctuating nutrient levels.

SUBMITTER: Wang ZF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8745191 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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