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Evaluation of the Antiviral Activity against Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) of a Copper (I) Homoleptic Complex with a Coumarin as Ligand.

ABSTRACT: The aquatic infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) causes a severe disease in farmed salmonid fish that generates great economic losses in the aquaculture industry. In the search for new tools to control the disease, in this paper we show the results obtained from the evaluation of the antiviral effect of [Cu(NN₁)₂](ClO₄) Cu(I) complex, synthesized in our laboratory, where the NN₁ ligand is a synthetic derivate of the natural compound coumarin. This complex demonstrated antiviral activity against IPNV at 5.0 and 15.0 µg/mL causing a decrease viral load 99.0% and 99.5%, respectively. The Molecular Docking studies carried out showed that the copper complex would interact with the VP2 protein, specifically in the S domain, altering the process of entry of the virus into the host cell.

SUBMITTER: Gutierrez D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8746282 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Virulence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) isolates from Mexico.

Project description:Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) causes economic losses in Mexican rainbow trout industry. In this study, virulence and genetic fingerprints of Mexican IPNV isolates was investigated for the first time. Two Mexican IPNV isolates were analyzed in rainbow trout fry and the Sp strain was included as high virulence. One of the Mexican IPNV isolate was obtained from diseased fish and the other from fish without clinical signs. The infection was performed using a standardized immersion. Clinical signs were observed at 4 days post infection in fry group infected with strain Sp, two days earlier than in trout infected with IPNV isolates Mexican. Severe lesions were found in 100% of the individuals of Sp group, but only in 25% of each isolated Mexican group. Results suggest that Mexican IPNV isolates are pathogenic, but less virulent than strain Sp. The amino acid motif residues of both Mexican isolates, corresponded to a subclinical disease. Nevertheless, the accumulated motility observed in the field, suggest that other factors play a role in the virulence of the disease.

| S-EPMC7118486 | biostudies-literature

Discovery of nonnucleoside inhibitors of polymerase from infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV).

Project description:IntroductionInfectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) causes serious losses in several fish species of commercial interest. IPNV is a non-enveloped double-stranded RNA virus with a genome consisting of two segments A and B. Segment B codes for the VP1 protein, a non-canonical RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that can be found both in its free form and linked to the end of genomic RNA, an essential enzyme for IPNV replication.Materials and methodsWe take advantage of the knowledge over the allosteric binding site described on the surface of the thumb domain of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) polymerase to design new non-nucleoside inhibitors against the IPNV VP1 polymerase.ResultsMolecular docking techniques have been used to screen a chemical library of 23,760 compounds over a defined cavity in the surface of the thumb domain. Additional ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) filter criteria has been applied.ConclusionWe select two sets of 9 and 50 inhibitor candidates against the polymerases of HCV and IPNV, respectively. Two non-toxic compounds have been tested in vitro with antiviral capacity against IPNV Sp and LWVRT60 strains in the low µM range with different activity depending on the IPNV strain used.

| S-EPMC6072831 | biostudies-literature

Gene expression profile after oral vaccination against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV)

2012-07-19 | GSE31591 | GEO

Responses to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in the liver of Atlantic salmon

Project description:IPNV is a viral pathogen causing losses in commercial aquaculture of Atlantic salmon. This study was performed to examine transcriptomic responses to IPNV and to compare them with changes caused with other viruses.

2021-04-22 | GSE172862 | GEO

Gene expression profile after oral vaccination against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV)

Project description:Oral immunization of trout against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) have been recently reported by using a DNA vector coding the viral capsid VP2 gene encapsulated in alginate microspheres. We report here an study of the transcripts in head kidney and pyloric ceca 7 days after oral vaccination of rainbow trout by using a newly designed rainbow trout 60-mer oligo microarray focused in their immune-related genes. Trout were obtained from 4 different farms, one group of trout was defined as belonging to one of the farms. Each of the trout 4 groups were divided into two subgroups of 6 trout for each subgroup. Subgroup I was orally vaccinated with 10 M-BM-5l of suspension of the vaccine microspheres each containing 10 M-BM-5g of pcDNA-VP2 diluted in 10M-BM-5l of PBS, while subgroup II received similar microspheres suspension but pcDNA. Head kidney and pyloric ceca were collected from each subgroup and RNA was extracted.

2012-07-18 | E-GEOD-31591 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Isolation of a New Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Variant from a Fish Farm in Scotland.

Project description:The aquatic virus, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), is known to infect various farmed fish, in particular salmonids, and is responsible for large economic losses in the aquaculture industry. Common practices to detect the virus include qPCR tests based on specific primers and serum neutralization tests for virus serotyping. Following the potential presence of IPNV viruses in a fish farm in Scotland containing vaccinated and IPNV-resistant fish, the common serotyping of the IPNV isolates was not made possible. This led us to determine the complete genome of the new IPNV isolates in order to investigate the cause of the serotyping discrepancy. Next-generation sequencing using the Illumina technology along with the sequence-independent single primer amplification (SISPA) approach was conducted to fully characterize the new Scottish isolates. With this approach, the full genome of two isolates, V1810-4 and V1810-6, was determined and analyzed. The potential origin of the virus isolates was investigated by phylogenetic analyses along with tridimensional and secondary protein structure analyses. These revealed the emergence of a new variant from one of the main virus serotypes, probably caused by the presence of selective pressure exerted by the vaccinated IPNV-resistant farmed fish.

| S-EPMC7997178 | biostudies-literature

Low Pathogenic Strain of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Associated with Recent Outbreaks in Iranian Trout Farms.

Project description:Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), first described as acute viral catarrhal enteritis, is a highly contagious disease with variable pathogenicity that has been linked to genetic variation in the viral VP2 gene encoding the capsid protein. In this study, the IPN virus (IPNV) is isolated from the moribund fish from five of fourteen Iranian trout farms from 2015 to 2017. The affected fish showed mortality rates ranging from 20% to 60%, with the main clinical signs of exophthalmia, darkened skin, and mild abdominal distension, as well as yellow mucoid fluid in the intestine. Histopathological examination of intestinal sections confirmed acute catarrhal enteritis in all samples. RT-PCR assay of the kidney tissue and cell culture (CHSE-214) samples consistently confirmed the presence of the virus. The phylogenetic analysis of the partial VP2 sequence revealed that the detected isolates belong to genogroup 5, and are closely related to the Sp serotype strains of European origin. Characterization of VP2 of all isolates revealed the P217T221 motif that previously was associated with avirulence or low virulence, while all IPNV-positive fish in this study were clinically affected with moderate mortality. The IPNV isolates from Iran are associated with two lineages that appear to have originated from Europe, possibly via imported eggs.

| S-EPMC7650613 | biostudies-literature

Low evolutionary rate of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in Italy is associated with reduced virulence in trout.

Project description:Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a naked double-stranded RNA virus with a bi-segmented genome that is classified within the family Birnaviridae, genus Aquabirnavirus. IPNV was first detected in Italian trout farms in the late 1970s and ultimately became endemic. To characterize the evolution of IPNV circulating in Italy, particularly whether there is a link between evolutionary rate and virulence, we obtained and analyzed the VP1 (polymerase) and the pVP2 (major capsid protein precursor) sequences from 75 IPNV strains sampled between 1978 and 2017. These data revealed that the Italian IPNV exhibit relatively little genetic variation over the sampling period, falling into four genetic clusters within a single genogroup (group 2 for VP1 and genogroup V for pVP2) and contained one example of inter-segment reassortment. The mean evolutionary rates for VP1 and pVP2 were estimated to be 1.70 and 1.45 × 10-4 nucleotide substitutions per site, per year, respectively, and hence significantly lower than those seen in other Birnaviruses. Similarly, the relatively low ratios of non-synonymous (dN) to synonymous (dS) nucleotide substitutions per site in both genes indicated that IPNV was subject to strong selective constraints, again in contrast to other RNA viruses infecting salmonids that co-circulate in the same area during the same time period. Notably, all the Italian IPNV harbored a proline at position 217 (P217) and a threonine at position 221 (T221) in pVP2, both of which are associated with a low virulence phenotype. We therefore suggest the lower virulence of IPNV may have resulted in reduced rates of virus replication and hence lower rates of evolutionary change. The data generated here will be of importance in understanding the factors that shape the evolution of Aquabirnaviruses in nature.

| S-EPMC6054257 | biostudies-literature

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus

Project description:Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus Genome sequencing and assembly

| PRJNA992373 | ENA

Dynamic Distribution of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Strains of Genogroups 1, 5, and 7 after Intraperitoneal Administration in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Project description:Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is the causative agent of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) IPN and causes significant loss of fingerlings. The currently prevalent IPNV genogroups in China are genogroups 1 and 5. However, in this study, we isolated and identified a novel IPNV, IPNV-P202019, which belonged to genogroup 7. Here, a total of 200 specific-pathogen-free rainbow trout (10 g average weight) were divided randomly into four groups to investigate the distribution of different IPNV strains (genogroups 1, 5, and 7) in 9 tissues of rainbow trout by means of intraperitoneal (ip) injection. Fish in each group were monitored after 3-, 7-, 14-, 21- and 28- days post-infection (dpi). The study showed no mortality in all groups. The distribution of IPNV genogroups 1 and 5 was similar in different tissues and had a higher number of viral loads after 3, 7, or 14 dpi. However, the distribution of IPNV genogroup 7 was detected particularly in the spleen, head kidney, and feces and had a lower number of viral loads. The results of this study provide valid data for the distribution of IPNV in rainbow trout tissues and showed that IPNV genogroups 1 and 5 were still the prevalent genogroups of IPNV in China. Although rainbow trout carried IPNV genogroup 7, the viral load was too low to be pathogenic.

| S-EPMC9784894 | biostudies-literature

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