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High-Temperature and Drought Stress Effects on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality with Transpiration Response to Vapor Pressure Deficit in Lentil.

ABSTRACT: High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions. In addition, increasing atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) due to global warming causes a severe challenge by influencing the water balance of the plants, thus also affecting growth and yield. In the present study, we evaluated 20 lentil genotypes under field conditions and controlled environments with the following objectives: (i) to investigate the impact of temperature stress and combined temperature-drought stress on traits related to phenology, grain yield, nutritional quality, and canopy temperature under field conditions, and (ii) to examine the genotypic variability for limited transpiration (TR_lim) trait in response to increased VPD under controlled conditions. The field experiment results revealed that high-temperature stress significantly affected all parameters compared to normal conditions. The protein content ranged from 23.4 to 31.9%, while the range of grain zinc and iron content varied from 33.1 to 64.4 and 62.3 to 99.3 mg kg^-1, respectively, under normal conditions. The grain protein content, zinc and iron decreased significantly by 15, 14 and 15% under high-temperature stress, respectively. However, the impact was more severe under combined temperature-drought stress with a reduction of 53% in protein content, 18% in zinc and 20% in iron. Grain yield declined significantly by 43% in temperature stress and by 49% in the combined temperature-drought stress. The results from the controlled conditions showed a wide variation in TR among studied lentil genotypes. Nine genotypes displayed TR_lim at 2.76 to 3.51 kPa, with the genotypes ILL 7833 and ILL 7835 exhibiting the lowest breakpoint. Genotypes with low breakpoints had the ability to conserve water, allowing it to be used at later stages for increased yield. Our results identified promising genotypes including ILL 7835, ILL 7814 and ILL 4605 (Bakria) that could be of great interest in breeding for high yields, protein and micronutrient contents under high-temperature and drought stress. In addition, it was found that the TR_lim trait has the potential to select for increased lentil yields under field water-deficit environments.

SUBMITTER: El Haddad N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8747359 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:More frequent droughts and an increased pressure on water resources, combined with social licence to operate, will inevitably decrease water resources available for fully irrigated cotton production. Therefore, the long-term future of the cotton industry will require more drought tolerant varieties that can perform well when grown in rainfed cropping regions often exposed to intermittent drought. A trait that limits transpiration (TRLim) under an increased vapour pressure deficit (VPD) may increase crop yield in drier atmospheric conditions and potentially conserve soil water to support crop growth later in the growing season. However, this trait has not been tested or identified in cotton production systems. This study tested the hypotheses that (1) genetic variability to the TRLim VPD trait exists amongst 10 genotypes in the Australian cotton breeding programme; (2) genotypes with a TRLim VPD trait use less water in high VPD environments and (3) variation in yield responses of cotton genotypes is linked with the VPD environment and water availability during the peak flowering period. This study combined glasshouse and field experiments to assess plant transpiration and crop yield responses of predominantly locally bred cotton genotypes to a range of atmospheric VPD under Australian climatic conditions. Results indicated that genetic variation to the limiting transpiration VPD trait exists within cotton genotypes in the Australian breeding programme, with five genotypes identified as expressing the TRLim VPD trait. A modelling study suggests that this trait may not necessarily result in overall reduced plant water use due to greater transpiration rates at lower VPD environments negating the water conservation in high VPD environments. However, our study showed that the yield response of cotton genotypes is linked with both VPD environment and water availability during the peak flowering period. Yield performance of the TRLim genotype was improved at some high VPD environments but is unlikely to out-perform a genotype with a lower yield potential. Improved understanding of integrated plant- and crop-level genotypic responses to the VPD environments will enhance germplasm development to benefit cotton production in both rainfed and semi-irrigated cotton systems, thereby meeting the agricultural challenges of the twenty-first Century.

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High-Temperature and Drought Stress Effects on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality with Transpiration Response to Vapor Pressure Deficit in Lentil.

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