Validation and recalibration of OxMIV in predicting violent behaviour in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Lamsma J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8748785 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundSchizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) can be associated with an increased risk of violent behavior (VB), which can harm patients, others, and properties. Prediction of VB could help reduce the SSD burden on patients and healthcare systems. Some recent studies have used machine learning (ML) algorithms to identify SSD patients at risk of VB. In this article, we aimed to review studies that used ML to predict VB in SSD patients and discuss the most successful ML methods and predictors of VB.MethodsWe performed a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Sciences, Embase, and PsycINFO on September 30, 2023, to identify studies on the application of ML in predicting VB in SSD patients.ResultsWe included 18 studies with data from 11,733 patients diagnosed with SSD. Different ML models demonstrated mixed performance with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.56-0.95 and an accuracy of 50.27-90.67% in predicting violence among SSD patients. Our comparative analysis demonstrated a superior performance for the gradient boosting model, compared to other ML models in predicting VB among SSD patients. Various sociodemographic, clinical, metabolic, and neuroimaging features were associated with VB, with age and olanzapine equivalent dose at the time of discharge being the most frequently identified factors.ConclusionML models demonstrated varied VB prediction performance in SSD patients, with gradient boosting outperforming. Further research is warranted for clinical applications of ML methods in this field.
| S-EPMC10991827 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Changes in sensory and multisensory function are increasingly recognized as a common phenotypic characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Furthermore, much recent evidence suggests that sensory disturbances likely play an important role in contributing to social communication weaknesses-one of the core diagnostic features of ASD. An established sensory disturbance observed in ASD is reduced audiovisual temporal acuity. In the current study, we substantially extend these explorations of multisensory temporal function within the framework that an inability to rapidly recalibrate to changes in audiovisual temporal relations may play an important and under-recognized role in ASD. In the paradigm, we present ASD and typically developing (TD) children and adolescents with asynchronous audiovisual stimuli of varying levels of complexity and ask them to perform a simultaneity judgment (SJ). In the critical analysis, we test audiovisual temporal processing on trial t as a condition of trial t - 1. The results demonstrate that individuals with ASD fail to rapidly recalibrate to audiovisual asynchronies in an equivalent manner to their TD counterparts for simple and non-linguistic stimuli (i.e., flashes and beeps, hand-held tools), but exhibit comparable rapid recalibration for speech stimuli. These results are discussed in terms of prior work showing a speech-specific deficit in audiovisual temporal function in ASD, and in light of current theories of autism focusing on sensory noise and stability of perceptual representations. Autism Res 2017, 10: 121-129. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
| S-EPMC10791168 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This article describes the most likely classes of proteins and molecular processes that specifically characterize schizophrenic spectrum disorders such as simple and paranoid schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder, and acute polymorphic psychotic disorder (APPD). The identification of patients' serum proteins was carried out using mass spectrometry. For patients with paranoid schizophrenia, the proteins responsible for translation and transcription are characteristic. A significant part of the proteins of patients with simple schizophrenia regulate the cell's main metabolic and transport processes. These are proteins of the receptor system, vesicular transport, and extracellular matrix, which mainly carry out catabolic processes. The proteins of patients with schizotypal disorder mostly coincided with the classes of other patients, apart from chaperone proteins, which were not found in other studied groups. These proteins are mainly involved in anabolic processes. The main classes of proteins found in patients with APPD are responsible for the metabolism of nucleic acids. Active apoptosis processes were also revealed in these patients. These results from our basic knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of these disorders.
| S-EPMC9438766 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeWe evaluated the patient-control differences and predictive value of the retina as potential biomarkers for schizophrenia.MethodsThe institutional study included both eyes of 58 schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) patients (age 37.2 ± 12.3 years) and 35 controls (age 41.1 ± 15.2 years). Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer, outer retinal photoreceptor complex, and total macula thicknesses were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Anterior segment parameters including central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, and axial length were measured to rule out confounds on the retinal measures.ResultsThe peripapillary RNFL was overall significantly thinner in SSD relative to controls (F = 3.97, P = 0.049), most pronounced in the temporal (5.2 µm difference, F = 6.95, P = 0.010) and inferior quadrants (12.1 µm difference, F = 7.32, P = 0.009). There were no significant group differences in thickness for the macular RNFL, ganglion, or photoreceptor cell related measures (P > 0.05). Peripapillary RNFL, central macula, and outer photoreceptor complex thicknesses were together able to classify SSD patients with 80% sensitivity and 71% specificity; area under the curve = 0.82 (95% confidence interval, 0.75-0.88).ConclusionsSSD patients exhibited significant RNFL thinning relative to controls. Notably, retinal thickness measures including both peripapillary and macular data exhibited improved diagnostic accuracy for SSD as compared to these regions alone.Translational relevanceThis is the first study to evaluate the predictive value of both the inner and outer retina in SSD. OCT retinal thickness measures including peripapillary data in conjunction with macular data may provide an informative, noninvasive in vivo ocular biomarker for schizophrenia.
| S-EPMC8083086 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10356009 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Although violent behaviour and psychopathology often co-occur, there has been little research on psychiatric disorders among men in treatment for intimate partner violence (IPV). This study aimed to examine the prevalence of a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders among men voluntarily attending treatment for IPV.5 clinics for IPV treatment, located in the east, south and west of Norway, participated in the study. In a cross-sectional design, men attending therapy for violence against a partner went through a face-to-face structured diagnostic interview, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.222 men contacted the clinic during the inclusion period; 12 men did not attend and 13 men were referred to outpatient clinics. Of the 197 men who were offered therapy, 13 did not provide consent to participate in the study, 2 were excluded and 3 men missed the interview.A total of 179 men participated in the study. The majority were ethnic Norwegians (88%). A total of 70.9% of the men fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for at least one ongoing psychiatric disorder. Three categories of disorders stood out with approximately equal prevalences: depressive disorders (40.6%), anxiety disorders (38.5%) including post-traumatic stress disorder (18.4%) and alcohol/substance abuse (40.2%). Antisocial personality disorder was present in approximately 2/10 participants. Comorbidity was high, with nearly half of the men (48.0%) assigned two or more diagnoses.Men voluntarily admitted to treatment for IPV harbour a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders. Our findings suggest a need for screening procedures for psychiatric disorders as well as adoption of treatment interventions according to different types of psychopathologies and therapeutic needs. Limitations include caution in terms of generalisation to other populations not voluntarily admitted to treatment for IPV, and risk of ignoring symptoms not covered by a clinical structured interview.
| S-EPMC3987730 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesPatients with schizophrenia have a significant risk of self-harm. We aimed to explore the dynamic relationship between symptomatology, functioning and deliberate self-harm (DSH) and evaluate the feasibility of developing a self-harm risk prediction tool for patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES).MethodsPatients with FES (n = 1234) were followed up for 36 months. Symptomatology, functioning, treatment adherence and self-harm information were obtained monthly over the follow-up period. A time-varying vector autoregressive (VAR) model was used to study the contribution of clinical variables to self-harm over the 36th month. Random forest models for self-harm were established to classify the individuals with self-harm and predict future self-harm events.ResultsOver a 36-month period, 187 patients with FES had one or more self-harm events. The depressive symptoms contributed the most to self-harm prediction during the first year, while the importance of positive psychotic symptoms increased from the second year onwards. The random forest model with all static information and symptom instability achieved a good area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC = 0.77 ± 0.023) for identifying patients with DSH. With a sliding window analysis, the averaged AUROC of predicting a self-event was 0.65 ± 0.102 (ranging from 0.54 to 0.78) with the best model being 6-month predicted future 6-month self-harm for month 11-23 (AUROC = 0.7).ConclusionsResults highlight the importance of the dynamic relationship of depressive and positive psychotic symptoms with self-harm and the possibility of self-harm prediction in FES with longitudinal clinical data.
| S-EPMC9434452 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Absolute and relative risks of violence are increased in patients with psychotic disorders, but the contribution of triggers for violent acts to these risks is uncertain.To examine whether a range of triggers for violent acts are associated with risks of violence in patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders and in individuals without a psychiatric diagnosis.Using a sample of all individuals born in Sweden between 1958 and 1988 (N?=?3?123?724), we identified patients in the National Patient Register who were diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (n?=?34?903) and bipolar disorder (n?=?29?692), as well as unaffected controls (n?=?2?763?012). We then identified, within each subsample, persons who had experienced any of the following triggers for violent acts between January 1, 2001, and December 15, 2013: exposure to violence, parental bereavement, self-harm, traumatic brain injury, unintentional injuries, and substance intoxication. By using within-individual models, we conducted conditional logistic regression to compare the risk of the individual engaging in violent acts in the week following the exposure to a trigger with the risk during earlier periods of equivalent length. All time-invariant confounders (eg, genetic and early environmental influences) were controlled for by this research design and we further adjusted for time-varying sociodemographic factors.Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of violent crime occurring in the week following the exposure to a trigger event compared with earlier periods.Among the sample of 2?827?607 individuals (1?492?186 male and 1?335?421 female), all of the examined trigger events were associated with increased risk of violent crime in the week following exposure. The largest 1-week absolute risk of violent crime was observed following exposure to violence (70-177 violent crimes per 10?000 persons). For most triggers, the relative risks did not vary significantly by diagnosis, including unintentional injuries (aOR range, 3.5-4.8), self-harm (aOR range, 3.9-4.2), and substance intoxication (aOR range, 3.0-4.0). Differences by diagnosis included parental bereavement, which was significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (aOR, 5.0; 95% CI, 3.0-8.1) compared with controls (aOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3-2.2).In addition to identifying risk factors for violence, clarifying the timing of the triggers may provide opportunities to improve risk assessment and management in individuals with psychotic disorders.
| S-EPMC5047356 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have a shortened life expectancy related to cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the association of cognitive, positive, and negative symptoms with cardiometabolic dysregulations in SSD patients.MethodsOverall, 1,119 patients from the Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP) study were included. Cognitive function, positive and negative symptoms were assessed at baseline, 3-year, and 6-year. Cardiometabolic biomarkers were measured at 3-year follow-up. We used linear and multinomial logistic regression models to test the association between cardiometabolic biomarkers and clinical trajectories and performed mediation analyzes, while adjusting for clinical and demographic confounders.ResultsCognitive performance was inversely associated with increased body mass index (mean difference [β], βhigh = -1.24, 95% CI = -2.28 to 0.20, P = 0.02) and systolic blood pressure (βmild = 2.74, 95% CI = 0.11 to 5.37, P = 0.04). The severity of positive symptoms was associated with increased glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (βlow = -2.01, 95% CI = -3.21 to -0.82, P = 0.001). Increased diastolic blood pressure (ORhigh-decreased = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.08, P = 0.02; ORhigh-increased = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.08, P = 0.048) and decreased high-density lipoprotein (OR high-increased = 6.25, 95% CI = 1.81 to 21.59, P = 0.004) were associated with more severe negative symptoms. Increased HbA1c (ORmoderate = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.10, P = 0.024; ORhigh = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.14, P = 0.006) was associated with more severe positive symptoms. These associations were not mediated by antipsychotics.ConclusionsWe showed an association between cardiometabolic dysregulations and clinical and cognitive symptoms in SSD patients. The observed associations underscore the need for early identification of patients at risk of cardiometabolic outcomes.
| S-EPMC10964276 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The rapidly evolving field of sensorimotor neuroscience reflects the scientific and clinical relevance of sensorimotor abnormalities as an intrinsic component of the disease process, e.g., in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Despite previous efforts, however, prevalence rates and relationships between different categories of sensorimotor abnormalities in SSD patients are still subject of ongoing debate. In this study, we examined five different categories of the sensorimotor domain (Neurological soft signs (NSS), parkinsonism, catatonia, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia) according to well-established clinical ratings scales and the respective cut-off criteria in a sample of 131 SSD patients. We used a collection of statistical methods to better understand prevalence, overlap and heterogeneity, as well as psychopathological and cognitive correlates of sensorimotor abnormalities. 97.7% of the SSD patients considered by this study exhibited at least one categorically defined sensorimotor abnormality that tended to co-vary within three different sensorimotor subgroups (moderate, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic). Finally, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic groups differed significantly in their neurocognitive performance compared with the moderate group. The results suggest different patterns of clinical overlap, highlight the relationship between sensorimotor and cognitive domain and provide clues for further neurobiological studies.
| S-EPMC9388408 | biostudies-literature