Dietary Vitamin C and Vitamin C Derived from Vegetables Are Inversely Associated with the Risk of Depressive Symptoms among the General Population.
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SUBMITTER: Wang A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8750333 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundEpidemiological evidence on the relationships between different categories of vegetables and fruits and depressive symptoms is very limited and inconsistent, especially with no evidence from the general population. This study aimed to estimate their relationships among a large general population.MethodsThe cross-sectional design was based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2014) and included 16925 adults. Dietary information was attained from two nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Patient Health Questionnaire was applied for measuring depressive symptoms. The associations between vegetables and fruits intakes and depressive symptoms were appraised utilizing logistic regression and restricted cubic spline.ResultsCompared with the lowest category, the most adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals, CI) of depressive symptoms for the highest category of tomatoes and tomato mixtures were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.66-0.99), and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.48-0.85) for dark-green, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.53-0.84) for other vegetables, 0.48 (95% CI, 0.29-0.79) for berries, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.55-0.82) for total vegetables, and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.57-0.86) for total fruits, and for the medium categories of bananas and dried fruits were 0.62 (95% CI, 0.41-0.95) and 0.39 (95% CI, 0.19-0.81), respectively. After sensitivity analysis by further excluding subjects with co-morbid health conditions, these findings remained significant, except for bananas. An L-shaped relationship was observed between depressive symptoms and total vegetables, while the association was linear with total fruits.ConclusionsIntakes of tomatoes and tomato mixtures, dark-green, other vegetables, berries, dried fruits, total vegetables, and total fruits were inversely related to depressive symptoms among adults.
| S-EPMC7878715 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesAmong different factors, diet patterns seem to be related to depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the consumption of fruits and/or vegetables and depressive symptoms.Methodology/principal findingsA secondary data analysis was conducted using information from a population-based survey from 25 regions from Peru. The outcome was the presence of depressive symptoms according to the Patient Health Questionnaire (cutoff ?15 to define major depressive syndrome); whereas the exposure was the self-reported consumption of fruits and/or vegetables (in tertiles and using WHO recommendation ?5 servings/day). The association of interest was evaluated using Poisson regression models controlling for the complex-sample survey design and potential confounders. Data from 25,901 participants were analyzed, mean age 44.2 (SD: 17.7) and 13,944 (54.0%) women. Only 910 (3.8%; 95%CI: 3.5%-4.2%) individuals reported consuming ?5 servings of fruits and/or vegetables/day; whereas 819 (2.8%; 95%CI: 2.5%-3.1%) had depressive symptoms. Those in the lowest tertile of fruits and/or vegetables consumption had greater prevalence of depressive symptoms (PR = 1.88; 95%CI: 1.39-2.55) than those in the highest tertile. This association was stronger with fruits (PR = 1.92; 95%CI: 1.46-2.53) than vegetables (PR = 1.42; 95%CI: 1.05-1.93) alone.ConclusionsAn inverse relationship between consumption of fruits and/or vegetables and depressive symptoms is reported. Less than 5% of subjects reported consuming the amount of fruits and vegetables recommended by the WHO. There is a need to implement strategies to promote better diet patterns with potential impact on mental health.
| S-EPMC5638500 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dietary factors play an important role in the development of depressive symptoms. Carotenoids have effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but few studies have explored the associations between dietary carotenoid intake and depressive symptoms. To evaluate the association between dietary carotenoid intake and the risk of depressive symptoms in adults from the United States. This cross-sectional study included adult participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2016. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patients' Health Questionnaire-9. Intake of carotenoids was obtained through two 24-h dietary recall interviews. We applied logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline models to evaluate the associations of dietary alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein with zeaxanthin, and total carotenoid intake with the risk of depressive symptoms. Overall, a total of 17,401 adults aged 18-80 years were included in this study. After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of depressive symptoms in the highest versus lowest quartiles were 0.71 (0.56-0.92) for alpha-carotene, 0.59 (0.47-0.75) for beta-carotene, 0.71 (0.55-0.92) for beta-cryptoxanthin, 0.66 (0.49-0.89) for lycopene, 0.50 (0.39-0.64) for lutein with zeaxanthin, and 0.59 (0.45-0.78) for total carotenoid intake. U-shaped dose-response relationships were found between both beta-carotene and lutein with zeaxanthin intake and the risk of depressive symptoms. Results suggest that alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein with zeaxanthin, and total carotenoid intake may be inversely associated with the risk of depressive symptoms in the U.S. adults.
| S-EPMC7778430 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesAssociations between androgens and depressive symptoms were mostly reported from cross-sectional and patient-based studies.Study design/main outcome measuresLongitudinal data from 4,110 participants of the Study of Health in Pomerania were used to assess sex-specific associations of baseline total and free testosterone, androstenedione and sex hormone-binding globulin with incident depressive symptoms and cognitive status at 5- and 10-year follow-up.ResultsDespite sex-specific differences in depressive symptoms prevalence at baseline (women: 17.4%, men: 8.1%), cross-sectional analyses showed no associations between sex hormones and depressive symptoms. In age-adjusted longitudinal analyses, total testosterone was associated with incident depressive symptoms (relative risk at 5-year follow-up: 0.73, 95% confidence interval: 0.58-0.92). Similarly, age-adjusted analyses showed a positive association between sex hormone-binding globulin and cognitive status in men (β-coefficient per standard deviation: 0.44, 95% confidence interval: 0.13-0.74). In women, age-adjusted associations of androstenedione with baseline depressive symptoms (relative risk: 0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.77-0.99) were found. None of the observed associations remained after multivariable adjustment.ConclusionsThe present population-based, longitudinal study revealed inverse associations between sex hormones and depressive symptoms. However, the null finding after multivariable adjustment suggests, that the observed associations were not independent of relevant confounders including body mass index, smoking and physical inactivity. Furthermore, the low number of incident endpoints in our non-clinical population-based sample limited the statistical power and reduced the chance to detect a statistically significant effect.
| S-EPMC5428943 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Studies of diet and depression have focused primarily on individual nutrients.To examine the association between dietary patterns and depression using an overall diet approach.Analyses were carried on data from 3486 participants (26.2% women, mean age 55.6 years) from the Whitehall II prospective cohort, in which two dietary patterns were identified: 'whole food' (heavily loaded by vegetables, fruits and fish) and 'processed food' (heavily loaded by sweetened desserts, fried food, processed meat, refined grains and high-fat dairy products). Self-reported depression was assessed 5 years later using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression (CES-D) scale.After adjusting for potential confounders, participants in the highest tertile of the whole food pattern had lower odds of CES-D depression (OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.56-0.99) than those in the lowest tertile. In contrast, high consumption of processed food was associated with an increased odds of CES-D depression (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.11-2.23).In middle-aged participants, a processed food dietary pattern is a risk factor for CES-D depression 5 years later, whereas a whole food pattern is protective.
| S-EPMC2801825 | biostudies-other
Project description:OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between depressive symptoms and physical diseases in Switzerland, as respective findings might inform about future estimates of mental and physical health care costs. METHODS: A population-based study, using data from the Swiss Health Survey collected by computer-assisted telephone interviews and additional written questionnaires during the year 2007 (n?=?18,760) in Switzerland. The multistage stratified random sample included subjects aged 15?years and older, living in a private Swiss household with a telephone connection. Complete data were available for 14,348 subjects (51% of all subjects reached by telephone). Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the associations between depressive symptoms and any physical disease, or a specific physical disease out of 13 non-communicable physical diseases assessed with a self-report checklist on common physical diseases. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, education, occupation, and household income. RESULTS: In the adjusted models, depressive symptoms were associated with arthrosis and arthritis [Odds Ratio (OR)?=?1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI)?=?1.28-2.50] and any physical disease (OR?=?1.67, 95% CI?=?1.33-2.10) after controlling for multiple testing. CONCLUSION: Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the comorbidity of depressive symptoms and arthrosis and arthritis in Switzerland and might have implications for more precise future estimates of mental and physical health care costs.
| S-EPMC4370044 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundVitamin D deficiency is a major global public health problem. Recent epidemiological studies have assessed the relationship between vitamin D and multiple outcomes, including cardiovascular disease. However, this evidence is limited and inconclusive. Our purpose in this study was to evaluate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and cardiovascular disease risk in adult Mexican population.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis with the baseline data from 6294 men and women aged 20-80 years participating in the Health Workers Cohort Study. Data on sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical history factors were collected with a self-administered questionnaire. Dietary intake was evaluated by using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Cardiovascular disease risk was calculated using a recalibration of the Framingham heart disease prediction score. To evaluate the association between vitamin D intake and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 6294 subjects (1820 men and 4474 women) with a mean age of 42 years, were included. Of these, subjects in the highest quintile of vitamin D intake presented lower levels of triglycerides 14.6 mg/dL (P for trend = 0.001); 2.0 cm less in waist circumference (P for trend = 0.001) and 0.8 points less in the Framingham cardiovascular disease risk score (P for trend = 0.002) compared with the subjects in the lower quintile of vitamin D intake. Additionally, participants in the highest quintile of vitamin D consumption were less likely to develop elevated 10-year cardiovascular disease risk, compared with those in the lowest quintile (OR = 0.51; 95%CI: 0.33, 0.77; P for trend = 0.007).ConclusionOur data suggest that higher consumption of vitamin D is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in Mexican population.
| S-EPMC5125681 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo determine the independent relationship between depressive symptoms and arterial stiffness in the general Chinese population, and to explore possible interactive factors in the relationship.DesignA cross-sectional study.Setting and participantsConsecutive participants who received routine health physical examination in an affiliated hospital of a comprehensive university in Hunan Province, China, between September 2013 and March 2014 were examined. After exclusion of subjects not meeting the criteria, a total of 1334 subjects aged 22-77 years were recruited for final analysis.MeasuresThe Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was employed to assess the degree of depressive symptoms: 0-4 no depressive symptoms, 5-9 mild depressive symptoms and 10-27 moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured to determine arterial stiffness.ResultsThere was a slight increase in baPWV across elevated degrees of depressive symptoms (p=0.025). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that mild depressive symptoms and moderate to severe depressive symptoms were independently associated with baPWV compared with no depressive symptoms after adjusting for baseline confounders (beta-coefficient: 40.3, 95% CI 6.6 to 74.1; beta-coefficient: 87.7, 95% CI 24.0 to 151.5, respectively). Further stratified analyses indicated that the relationship between degree of depressive symptoms and baPWV was predominant in subjects who had normal or normal-high blood pressure, or combined with hypertension (p for interaction=0.016), or in subjects with diabetes mellitus (p for interaction=0.004), examined in multivariate linear regressions. In addition, after adjustment, a significant association between moderate to severe depressive symptoms and baPWV was also found in female subjects younger than 60 years, although the interactive effect was not significant (p for interaction=0.056).ConclusionsDepressive symptoms are independently associated with arterial stiffness, especially in subjects whose blood pressures are beyond the optimal range and combined with diabetes mellitus.
| S-EPMC7050321 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Evidence that depressive symptoms are inversely related to n-3 (?-3) fatty acids is growing among United States adults. We assessed whether self-reported depressive symptoms were inversely associated with n-3 fatty acid intakes by using a cross-sectional study in 1746 adults (aged 30-65 y) in Baltimore City, MD (2004-2009). The 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) was used, with a CES-D score ?16 suggestive of elevated depressive symptoms (EDS). By using the mean of two 24-h dietary recalls, n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs; ?20 carbons), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; ?18 carbons), and plausible ratios with n-6 (?6) fatty acids were estimated. EDS prevalence was 18.1% among men and 25.6% among women. In women, the uppermost tertile (tertile 3) of n-3 PUFAs (compared with tertile 1) was associated with reduced odds of EDS by 49%, with a substantial sex differential. The n-3 PUFA:n-6:PUFA ratio was inversely related to EDS among women (tertile 2 vs. tertile 1, OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.41, 1.32; tertile 3 vs. tertile 1, OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.83). A similar pattern was noted for n-3 HUFA:n-6 HUFA among women. For CES-D subscales, n-3 PUFA (% of energy) was inversely related to somatic complaints, whereas positive affect was directly related to n-3 HUFA (% of energy; total population and among women), n-3 HUFA:n-6 HUFA (women), and n-3 HUFA:n-6 PUFA (total population and among women). In sum, among United States women, higher intakes of n-3 fatty acids [absolute (n-3) and relative to n-6 fatty acids (n-3:n-6)] were associated with lower risk of elevated depressive symptoms, specifically in domains of somatic complaints (mainly n-3 PUFAs) and positive affect (mainly n-3 HUFAs).
| S-EPMC3796345 | biostudies-other
Project description:Older adults are more susceptible to higher inflammatory levels and depression. Moreover, diet may influence inflammation as well as depression but no previous study examined whether inflammatory dietary patterns are related to depression in an older population. To investigate the longitudinal association between inflammatory dietary patterns (using reduced rank regression (RRR)) and depressive symptoms in a population sample of Italian older adults.We included 827 participants (aged?65years) at baseline in 1998. Follow-up measurements were collected after 3, 6 and 9years. We used RRR to identify inflammatory dietary patterns at baseline. The Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale was used to assess depressive symptoms by using continuous scores and depression by using a cut-off point (CES-D?20).We identified two inflammatory dietary patterns using different sets of response variables. Dietary pattern I was related to inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor ? and was characterized by high intakes of refined grains, sweet snacks, pasta and rice. After full adjustment for confounders, no longitudinal association was found when comparing extreme quartiles of this dietary pattern and depressive symptoms (Q1vs Q4, model 4: B=0.04, 95% CI: -0.06, 0.13) or depression (Q1vs Q4, model 4: OR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.55, 1.45). Dietary pattern II was related to inflammatory markers CRP, IL-18, IL-1?, IL-1 receptor antagonist and was characterized by high intakes of pasta, sugar-sweetened beverages, processed meat and chocolate and sweets. When comparing extreme quartiles, this dietary pattern was not longitudinally associated with depressive symptoms (Q1vs Q4, model 4: B=-0.04, 95% CI: -0.13, 0.05) but an inverse association was found for depression (Q1vs Q4, model 4: OR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.94).Our study does not support the hypothesis that dietary patterns linked to inflammatory markers are associated with higher depressive symptoms and higher depression incidence. However, dietary intake in our population of older adults was quite homogeneous which makes it difficult to show clear associations.
| S-EPMC5937118 | biostudies-other