CNV Hotspots in Testicular Seminoma Tissue and Seminal Plasma.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Raos D
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8750740 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Therapy for early stage testicular seminoma has changed radically over the past several decades. Given high cure rates and clinical trials supporting less active therapy in most cases, close observation after radical orchiectomy is now considered standard of care for clinical stage (CS) IA/IB seminoma, with either radiation therapy (RT) or chemotherapy salvage options possible. For CS IIA/IIB seminoma characterized by non-bulky retroperitoneal lymph node involvement (≤5 cm in greatest dimension), RT or combination chemotherapy are the standard of care. Given high comparable survival rates, preventing treatment-related toxicity and second malignancy, and limiting quality of life deficits associated with intense treatment has gained much greater importance. Clinical trials are currently testing the feasibility of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for low volume CS IIA/IIB metastatic testicular seminoma to this end. Likewise, one cycle of chemotherapy is being evaluated as an adjuvant approach to reduce recurrence rates in CS I disease with unfavorable risk factors. Moreover, recent genomic and molecular studies have recently identified novel signatures and a potential biomarker for testicular seminoma. In this review, we first summarize the evolution of early stage seminoma management and discuss the effectiveness and drawbacks of contemporary treatment strategies. We further outline future perspectives and potential challenges in management of early stage testicular seminoma.
| S-EPMC6995845 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) have mitogenic and antiapoptotic functions, and may be involved in tumor growth. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of IGF components in seminoma compared to normal testis. Normal testicular tissues from autopsy cases and seminoma from surgery cases were obtained for microarray and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of IGF-1, IGF-2, IGF receptor type 1 (IGF-R1), IGF-R2, insulin receptor isoforms A (IR-A) and B (IR-B), and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) 1-6. IGF-2 was localized by immunohistochemistry. IGFBP-5 protein expression was evaluated by Western blot analysis. mRNA expression in microarray and real-time RT-PCR showed similar tendencies: IGF-1, IGF-R1, IGF-R2, IR-A, and IGFBP-2 were not different in both groups. IGF-2, IR-B, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-4, and IGFBP-6 mRNA were downregulated in seminoma. IGFBP-3 tended to be upregulated in pT1 seminoma, but downregulated in pT2 stages. IGFBP-5 and IGF-2 protein expression correlated with mRNA expression. In conclusion, downregulation of mainly inhibiting IGFBPs may allow a stimulated tumor growth. The downregulated IGF-2 does not seem to be involved in the growth regulation of seminoma. Constantly expressed genes (e.g., IGF-1, IGF-R1, IR-A, and IGFBP-2) may reflect an involvement in spermatogenesis, but may also play a major role in tumor growth as their expression is not downregulated despite the lack of spermatogenesis in tumor tissue.
| S-EPMC1501162 | biostudies-literature
Project description:STUDY QUESTION:Are exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) in seminal plasma (SP) useful as markers of the origin of azoospermia and the presence of sperm in the testis? SUMMARY ANSWER:Our study demonstrated the potential of several miRNAs contained in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) of seminal fluid as sensitive and specific biomarkers for selecting those azoospermic individuals with real chances of obtaining spermatozoa from the testicular biopsy. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY:There are no precise non-invasive diagnostic methods for classifying the origin of the sperm defects in semen and the spermatogenic reserve of the testis in those infertile men with a total absence of sperm in the ejaculate (azoospermia). The diagnosis of such individuals is often based on the practice of biopsies. In this context it is reasonable to study the presence of organ-specific markers in human semen that contains fluid from the testis and the male reproductive glands, which could help in the diagnosis and prognosis of male infertility. Additionally, seminal fluid contains high concentrations of sEVs that are morphologically and molecularly consistent with exosomes, which originate from multiple cellular sources in the male reproductive tract. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION:A case and control prospective study was performed. This study compares the miRNA content of exosomes in semen samples obtained from nine normozoospermic fertile individuals (control group), 14 infertile men diagnosed with azoospermia due to spermatogenic failure, and 13 individuals with obstructive azoospermia and conserved spermatogenesis. Additionally, three severe oligozoospermic individuals (<5 × 106 sperm/ml) were included in the study. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS:A differential high-throughput miRNA profiling analysis using miRNA quantitative PCR panels was performed in SP exosomes from azoospermic patients and fertile individuals. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE:A total of 623 miRNAs were included in the miRNA profiling stage of the study. A total of 397 miRNAs (63.7%) were consistently detected in samples from all groups and statistically analysed, which revealed altered patterns of miRNA expression in infertile patients. We focused on the miRNAs that were differentially expressed between azoospermia as a result of an obstruction in the genital tract (i.e. having conserved spermatogenesis) and azoospermia caused by spermatogenic failure, and described, in a miRNA validation stage of the study, the expression values of one miRNA (miR-31-5p) in exosomes from semen as a predictive biomarker test for the origin of azoospermia with high sensitivity and specificity (>90%). The efficacy of the predictive test was even better when the blood FSH values were included in the analysis. Furthermore a model that included miR-539-5p and miR-941 expression values is also described as being useful for predicting the presence of residual spermatogenesis in individuals with severe spermatogenic disorders with diagnostic accuracy. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION:Further studies, with an independent second population involving a larger number of samples, are needed to confirm our findings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS:Our findings contribute to the search for the most valuable genetic markers that are potentially useful as tools for predicting the presence of testicular sperm in azoospermic individuals. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S):This work was financially supported by grants from the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional "Una manera de hacer Europa" (FIS/FEDER) [Grant number PI15/00153], the Generalitat de Catalunya [Grant number 2014SGR5412]. S.L. is sponsored by the Researchers Stabilization Program (ISCIII/Generalitat de Catalunya) from the Spanish National Health System [CES09/020].
| S-EPMC5972609 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are classified into two main subtypes, seminoma (SE) and non-seminoma (NSE), but their molecular distinctions remain largely unexplored. Here, we used expression data for mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to perform a systematic investigation to explain the different telomere length (TL) features between NSE (n?=?48) and SE (n?=?55). We found that TL elongation was dominant in NSE, whereas TL shortening prevailed in SE. We further showed that both mRNA and miRNA expression profiles could clearly distinguish these two subtypes. Notably, four telomere-related genes (TelGenes) showed significantly higher expression and positively correlated with telomere elongation in NSE than SE: three telomerase activity-related genes (TERT, WRAP53 and MYC) and an independent telomerase activity gene (ZSCAN4). We also found that the expression of genes encoding Yamanaka factors was positively correlated with telomere lengthening in NSE. Among them, SOX2 and MYC were highly expressed in NSE versus SE, while POU5F1 and KLF4 had the opposite patterns. These results suggested that enhanced expression of both TelGenes (TERT, WRAP53, MYC and ZSCAN4) and Yamanaka factors might induce telomere elongation in NSE. Conversely, the relative lack of telomerase activation and low expression of independent telomerase activity pathway during cell division may be contributed to telomere shortening in SE. Taken together, our results revealed the potential molecular profiles and regulatory roles involving the TL difference between NSE and SE, and provided a better molecular understanding of this complex disease.
| S-EPMC6781582 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBecause of focal spermatogenesis in some nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients, testicular spermatozoa can be retrieved by microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to achieve successful fertilization. Currently, testicular biopsy is widely performed for the prognosis of micro-TESE; however, it might miss foci with active spermatogenesis because of the 'blind manner' of puncture, highlighting the needs for biomarkers that could indicate actual spermatogenesis conditions in the testis. Thus, we screened microRNAs in the seminal plasma for potential biomarkers to provide a non-invasive and reliable preoperative assessment for micro-TESE.MethodsWe screened the seminal plasma microRNAs from NOA patients with and without sperm retrieval (n=6 in each group) together with fertile men (n=6) by RNA sequencing, and the selected microRNAs were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Next, a predictive model was established by performing ordered logistic regression using the qPCR data of 56 specimens, and the predictive accuracy of this model was evaluated using 40 more specimens in a blind manner.ResultsFour microRNAs (hsa-miR-34b-3p, hsa-miR-34c-3p, hsa-miR-3065-3p, and hsa-miR-4446-3p) were identified as biomarkers, and the predictive model Logit = 2.0881+ 0.13448 mir-34b-3p + 0.58679 mir-34c-3p + 0.15636 mir-3065-3p + 0.09523 mir-4446-3p was established by machine learning. The model provided a high predictive accuracy (AUC =0.927).ConclusionsWe developed a predictive model with high accuracy for micro-TESE, with which NOA patients might obtain accurate assessment of spermatogenesis conditions in testes before surgery.
| S-EPMC9073789 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Gene expression patterns of testicular seminoma were analysed applying oligonucleotide microarrays in 40 specimens of different tumour stages (pT1, pT2, pT3) and in 3 normal testes. Keywords: ordered
2007-07-31 | GSE8607 | GEO
Project description:Seminoma is the most common subtype of testicular germ cell tumor, with an increasing incidence worldwide. Clusterin (CLU) expression was found to be downregulated in testicular seminoma in our previous study. We now expanded the sample size, and further indicated that CLU expression correlates with tumor stage. Tcam-2 cell line was used to investigate the CLU function in testicular seminoma, and CLU was found to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis abilities. Besides, extracellular matrix protein COL15a1 was demonstrated as the downstream of CLU to affect the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process via competitively binding to DDR1 with COL1A1 and inhibiting the phosphorylation of PYK2. MEF2A was found to interact with CLU and bind to the promoter of COL15a1 and so upregulate its expression. This is the first study using testicular xenografts in situ to simulate testicular seminoma metastatic and proliferative capacities. In conclusion, CLU acts as a tumor suppressor to inhibit the metastasis of testicular seminoma by interacting with MEF2A to upregulate COL15a1 and blocking the EMT process.
| S-EPMC8608570 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC11291401 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Recent studies have revealed that feed-forward loops (FFLs) as regulatory motifs have synergistic roles in cellular systems and their disruption may cause diseases including cancer. FFLs may include two regulators such as transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). In this study, we extensively investigated TF and miRNA regulation pairs, their FFLs, and TF-miRNA mediated regulatory networks in two major types of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT): seminoma (SE) and non-seminoma (NSE). Specifically, we identified differentially expressed mRNA genes and miRNAs in 103 tumors using the transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Next, we determined significantly correlated TF-gene/miRNA and miRNA-gene/TF pairs with regulation direction. Subsequently, we determined 288 and 664 dysregulated TF-miRNA-gene FFLs in SE and NSE, respectively. By constructing dysregulated FFL networks, we found that many hub nodes (12 out of 30 for SE and 8 out of 32 for NSE) in the top ranked FFLs could predict subtype-classification (Random Forest classifier, average accuracy ≥90%). These hub molecules were validated by an independent dataset. Our network analysis pinpointed several SE-specific dysregulated miRNAs (miR-200c-3p, miR-25-3p, and miR-302a-3p) and genes (EPHA2, JUN, KLF4, PLXDC2, RND3, SPI1, and TIMP3) and NSE-specific dysregulated miRNAs (miR-367-3p, miR-519d-3p, and miR-96-5p) and genes (NR2F1 and NR2F2). This study is the first systematic investigation of TF and miRNA regulation and their co-regulation in two major TGCT subtypes.
| S-EPMC6972857 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Two functionally distinct isoforms of warm-temperature acclimation related 65-kDa protein (Wap65-1 and Wap65-2) with a role in the immune response are present in fish. To our knowledge, contrary to Wap65-1, Wap65-2 has neither been isolated nor functionally characterized in carp especially in reproductive system. The aim of this study was to characterize Wap65-2 and ascertain its functions in immune response and temperature acclimation within reproductive system. Wap65-2 corresponded to one of the most abundant proteins in carp seminal plasma, with a high immunologic similarity to their counterparts in seminal plasma of other fish species and a wide tissue distribution, with predominant expression in the liver. The immunohistochemical localization of Wap65-2 to spermatogonia, Leydig cells, and the epithelium of blood vessels within the testis suggests its role in iron metabolism during spermatogenesis and maintenance of blood-testis barrier integrity. Wap65-2 secretion by the epithelial cells of the spermatic duct and its presence around spermatozoa suggests its involvement in the protection of spermatozoa against damage caused by heme released from erythrocytes following hemorrhage and inflammation. Our results revealed an isoform-specific response of Wap65 to temperature acclimation and Aeromonas salmonicida infection which alters blood-testis barrier integrity. Wap65-2 seems to be related to the immune response against bacteria, while Wap65-1 seems to be involved in temperature acclimation. This study expands the understanding of the mechanism of carp testicular immunity against bacterial challenge and temperature changes, in which Wap65-2 seems to be involved and highlights their potential usefulness as biomarkers of inflammation and temperature acclimation.
| S-EPMC7688007 | biostudies-literature