The Prevalence and Severity of Sick Leave due to Low Back Disorders among Workers in Slovenia: Analysis of National Data across Gender, Age and Classification of Economic Activities.
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SUBMITTER: Zerbo Sporin D
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8750890 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ObjectivesTo investigate if self-reported high physical demand at work, objective physical workload using a job exposure matrix (JEM) and fear-avoidance beliefs are associated with reported sick leave in the previous year in persons with low back pain (LBP). Second, to investigate if the effects of fear-avoidance and self-reported high physical demand at work on sick leave are modified by the objective physical workloads.SettingsParticipants were recruited from general practice and by advertisement in a local newspaper.Participants305participants with a current period of 2-4 weeks LBP and self-reported difficulty in maintaining physically demanding jobs due to LBP were interviewed, clinically examined and had an MRI at baseline.Main outcome measuresIndependent variables were high fear-avoidance, self-reported high physical demand at work and objective measures of physical workloads (JEM). Outcome was self-reported sick leave due to LBP in the previous year. Logistic regression and tests for interaction were used to identify risk factors and modifiers for the association with self-reported sick leave.ResultsSelf-reported physically demanding work and high fear-avoidance were significantly associated with prior sick leave due to LBP in the previous year with OR 1.75 95% CI (1.10 to 2.75) and 2.75 95% CI (1.61to 4.84), respectively. No objective physical workloads had significant associations. There was no modifying effect of objective physical workloads on the association between self-reported physical demand at work/high fear-avoidance and sick leave.ConclusionsOccupational interventions to reduce sick leave due to LBP may have to focus more on those with high self-reported physical demands and high fear-avoidance, and less on individuals with the objectively highest physical workload.Trial registration numberNCT02015572; Post-results.
| S-EPMC6537989 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:The incidence of depression is higher in women; women are more often on sick leave due to depression, and more women than men use antidepressants. The objective of this study was to explore possible gender differences in buying prescribed antidepressants during the first 21 days of a new sick-leave spell due to depressive episode. METHODS:Included were all individuals living in Sweden in working age (18-64 years old) who in 2010 or 2011 began a new sick-leave spell due to depressive episode (ICD-10 F32) lasting at least 21 days (n = 44 863). Register data on sociodemographics, morbidity and dispensed prescription medication were used to investigate associations between gender and buying prescribed antidepressants in the total group and in subgroups, using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS:The study population consisted of 69.5% women. Within the first 21 days of the sick-leave spell, 48.0% of the men and 42.1% of the women had dispensed prescribed antidepressants. In the adjusted multiple logistic regression model, men had an odds ratio of 1.28 (95% confidence interval 1.23-1.33) as compared with women, for buying prescribed antidepressants. CONCLUSIONS:In this nationwide register study, nearly half of the women and men on sick leave with depressive episode bought prescribed antidepressants during the first three weeks of the sick-leave spell. In the adjusted models, men were more likely to do this. Further studies are needed to elucidate the reasons for this gender difference.
| S-EPMC7183359 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThe aim was to study whether a workplace-registered frequent short-term sick leave spell pattern was an early indicator of future disability pension or future long-term sick leave among municipal eldercare workers.SettingThe municipal healthcare sector in the city of Aarhus, which is the second largest city in Denmark.ParticipantsAll elder care employees who worked the entire year of 2004 in the municipality of Aarhus, Denmark (N=2774). The employees' sick leave days during 2004 were categorised into: 0-2 and 3-17 short (1-7 days) spells, 2-13 mixed short and long (8+ days) spells and long spells only. Student workers (n=180), employees who were absent due to maternal/paternal leave (n=536) and employees who did not work the entire year of 2004 (n=1218) were not included.Primary outcomeDisability pension and long-term sick leave (≥8 weeks) were subsequently identified in a National register. The cumulative incidence proportion as a function of follow-up weeks was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier curve. The relative cumulative incidence (RR) of experiencing events within 352 weeks was analysed in a generalised linear regression model using the pseudo values method adjusted for age, occupation, unfavourable work factors and sick leave length.ResultsA frequent short-term and a mixed sick leave pattern showed RRs of being granted a disability pension of 2.08 (95% CI 1.00 to 4.35) and 2.61 (95% CI 1.33 to 5.12) compared with 0-2 short spells. The risk of long-term sick leave was significantly increased for all sick leave patterns compared with 0-2 short spells. Adding sick leave length to the models attenuated all RRs and they became non-significant.ConclusionsSick leave length was a better indicator of future workability than spell frequency. Preventive actions should target employees engaged in homecare. The more sick leave days the greater the preventive potential seems, irrespective of spell frequency.
| S-EPMC3918999 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:This study aimed to identify sub-groups of workers with different trajectories of sick leave due to musculoskeletal pain over 1 year, and to investigate the extent to which the identified trajectories are associated with personal, occupational, lifestyle, and pain-related factors at baseline. METHODS:Data on 981 blue- and white-collar workers were analyzed in the DPHACTO cohort (2012-2014). The number of days on sick leave due to pain was reported using text messages at 4-week intervals across 1 year. Latent class growth analysis was used to distinguish sub-groups with different trajectories of sick leave. A web-based questionnaire at baseline was used to assess personal, occupational (physical and psychosocial), lifestyle, and pain-related factors. Multinomial regression models were constructed to determine associations between baseline factors and trajectories of sick leave (referencing no sick leave), with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS:Four distinct sub-groups were identified, with trajectories of sick leave due to pain ranging from no sick leave (prevalence 76%; average 0.5 days/year) to some days and increasing sick leave due to pain over 1 year (2%; 89 days/year). The increasing trajectory of sick leave was associated with higher perceived physical exertion, more time in manual work, less social community and influence at work, less leisure-time physical activity, smoking, and more severe symptoms (e.g., multisite pain, low back pain intensity, and pain interference). CONCLUSIONS:We identified four distinct trajectories of sick leave due to musculoskeletal pain. The sub-group with increasing sick leave due to pain was associated with several modifiable physical and psychosocial factors at work and outside work, which may have implications for prevention.
| S-EPMC6814632 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundReactogenicity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines can result in inability to work. The object of this study was to evaluate health care workers' sick leave after COVID-19 vaccination and to compare it with sick leave due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and quarantine leave.MethodsA multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted at Regensburg University Medical Center and 10 teaching hospitals in South-East Germany from July 28 to October 15, 2021.ResultsOf 2662 participants, 2309 (91.8%) were fully vaccinated without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sick leave after first/second vaccination occurred in 239 (10.4%) and 539 (23.3%) participants. In multivariable logistic regression, the adjusted odds ratio for sick leave after first/second vaccination compared with BNT162b2 was 2.26/3.72 for mRNA-1237 (95% CI, 1.28-4.01/1.99-6.96) and 27.82/0.48 for ChAdOx1-S (95% CI, 19.12-40.48/0.24-0.96). The actual median sick leave (interquartile range [IQR]) was 1 (0-2) day after any vaccination. Two hundred fifty-one participants (9.4%) reported a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection (median sick leave [IQR] 14 [10-21] days), 353 (13.3%) were quarantined at least once (median quarantine leave [IQR], 14 [10-14] days). Sick leave due to SARS-CoV-2 infection (4642 days) and quarantine leave (4710 days) accounted for 7.7 times more loss of workforce than actual sick leave after first and second vaccination (1216 days) in all fully vaccinated participants.ConclusionsSick leave after COVID-19 vaccination is frequent and is associated with the vaccine applied. COVID-19 vaccination should reduce the much higher proportion of loss of workforce due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and quarantine.
| S-EPMC9047200 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate whether a workplace educational low back pain intervention had an effect on sick leave at the individual level and to identify possible predictors of the effect of intervention.MethodsWork units in two municipalities were cluster randomized to (a) educational meetings and peer support (45 units), (b) educational meetings, peer support and access to an outpatient clinic if needed (48 units) or (c) a control group (42 units). Both intervention groups attended educational meetings with information about back pain based on a non-injury model. A peer adviser was selected from among their colleagues. The outcome was days of sick leave at the individual level at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, adjusting for previous sick leave at the unit level. As a result of similar effects on sick leave, the two intervention groups were merged (n=646) and compared with the control group (n=211). The predictors were different levels of belief in back pain myths, pain-related fear, helplessness/hopelessness and low back pain.ResultsThe intervention group had significantly less days of sick leave at the three month (4.9 days, p=0.001) and six month (4.4 days, p=0.016) follow ups compared with the control group. At three months, a low level of pain-related fear was the only predictor for the intervention effect (8.0 less days of sick leave, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS A WORKPLACE EDUCATIONAL BACK PAIN INTERVENTION HAD AN EFFECT ON SICK LEAVE FOR UP TO SIX MONTHS A LOW SCORE ON PAIN-RELATED FEAR WAS A PREDICTOR OF THE INTERVENTION EFFECT.
| S-EPMC4941097 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeThe study aimed to explore the prevalence of sick leave and the risk of work-related accidents among German social workers and to describe causes and time trends in sick leave and accident claims.MethodsA retrospective analysis of routine data was carried out. Aggregated sick leave data of 195,100 social workers from four health insurance funds and 3037 accident claims of social workers from an accident insurance institution were analysed. Causes of accidents were examined by statistics of the German Social Accident Insurance (DGUV). Sick leave rates per 100 insured person-years were calculated. Relative risks (RR) of accidents were calculated in a multivariate analysis for three occupational groups (social workers and therapists, caregivers in sheltered workshops and teachers in residential institutions) and compared to other health and welfare service workers.ResultsMental disorders caused about one-fifth of the sick leave days of social workers. Sick leave due to mental disorders slightly increased in 2015 compared to 2012 (+ 3% and + 18%). Among the three subgroups of social workers, caregivers in sheltered workshops (RR 1.30; 95% CI 1.14-1.49) and teachers in residential institutions (RR 1.41; 95% CI 1.17-1.70) were at an increased risk of accidents at the workplace. Accidents were mostly caused by slipping (30%) and by violence (22%).ConclusionsThis study confirms that sick leave of social workers is frequently caused by mental disorders. Future studies could further examine differences between practice fields, long-term effects of work hazards and effective workplace interventions.
| S-EPMC6341039 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Subjective cognitive impairments are frequent, but poorly understood in patients with chronic fatigue. We hypothesized that maladaptive metacognitive beliefs at baseline were associated with baseline subjective cognitive impairments, that they predict subjective cognitive impairments at treatment termination, and that a reduction in maladaptive metacognitive beliefs was associated with less subjective cognitive impairments at treatment termination, independent of changes in fatigue, pain, insomnia, depression, and anxiety. METHODS:In this non-controlled study, patients (n = 137) on sick leave due to chronic fatigue received a 3.5-week inpatient RTW rehabilitation program. Of these patients 69 (50.4%) was referred with a ICPC-2 diagnosis of chronic fatigue. Patients completed questionnaires about metacognitive beliefs, somatic complaints, psychological complaints, and cognitive impairments before and after treatment. To test the hypotheses we performed paired t-tests of change, as well as seven hierarchical linear regressions. RESULTS:RESULTS showed that baseline maladaptive metacognitive beliefs were significantly associated with subjective cognitive impairments at baseline, controlling for symptoms. Score on baseline metacognitive beliefs did not predict impairments post-treatment. Testing specific maladaptive beliefs, pre-treatment scores on cognitive confidence were associated with subjective cognitive impairments both pre and post-treatment, controlling for symptoms. Post-treatment metacognitive beliefs and post-treatment cognitive confidence were associated with post-treatment subjective cognitive impairments, controlling for pre-treatment impairments and pre-treatment metacognitive beliefs, as well as pre and post-scores on symptom measures. CONCLUSION:This study reports associations between maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and subjective cognitive impairments in patients with chronic fatigue. Targeting metacognitive beliefs could prove an effective therapeutic intervention for subjective cognitive impairments in these patients.
| S-EPMC4866616 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Many survivors after trauma suffer from long-term morbidity. The aim of this observational cohort study was to develop a prognostic prediction tool for early assessment of full-time sick leave one year after trauma. Potential predictors were assessed combining individuals from a trauma register with national health registers. Two models were developed using logistic regression and stepwise backward elimination. 4458 individuals were included out of which 488 were on sick leave full-time 12 months after the trauma. One comprehensive and one simplified model were developed including nine and seven predictors respectively. Both models showed excellent discrimination (AUC 0.81). The comprehensive model had very good calibration, and the simplified model good calibration. Prediction models can be used to assess post-trauma sick leave using injury-related variables as well as factors not related to the trauma per se. Among included variables, pre-injury sick leave was the single most important predictor for full-time sick leave one year after trauma. These models could facilitate a more efficient use of resources, targeting groups for follow-up interventions to improve outcome. External validation is necessary in order to evaluate generalizability.
| S-EPMC6329751 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused difficulties and changes in many aspects of people's health and lives. Although infection affected work capacity, during the first wave policies for sick leave due to COVID-19 were unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of sick leave diagnoses in the year before the COVID-19 diagnosis on sick leave duration due to COVID-19 in a nationwide non-hospitalised population.MethodsData from three Swedish registries were analysed for sick leave commencing between 1 March and 31 August 2020, with a follow-up period of 4 months. Sick leave due to COVID-19 was considered the number of days that sickness benefits were used and included at least one registered COVID-19 diagnosis. Sick leave in the year before COVID-19 diagnosis were categorised into five diagnostic groups and one reference group (participants without prior sick leave).ResultsThe study comprised 8935 individuals who received sickness benefits due to COVID-19 in Sweden during the first pandemic wave (mean age 46.7 years, 67% females, and 24% had diagnoses for sick leave in the year before COVID-19 diagnosis). The duration of sick leave due to COVID-19 was significantly higher in the groups with prior sick leave owing to musculoskeletal system diseases (odds ratio [OR]: 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.15); respiratory system diseases (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.14-1.31); all other isolated diagnoses (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03-1.14); and multiple diagnoses (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.21-1.43).ConclusionsThe results of this nationwide registry-based study indicate that individuals with premorbid conditions are more prone to longer sick leave durations due to COVID-19. Prediction of sick leave duration during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic is complex and several factors played a role.
| S-EPMC9884157 | biostudies-literature