Global, regional, and national burden of age-related hearing loss from 1990 to 2019.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Man J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8751586 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem largely caused by diabetes. The epidemiology of diabetes mellitus-related CKD (CKD-DM) could provide specific support to lessen global, regional, and national CKD burden.MethodsData were derived from the GBD 2019 study, including four measures and age-standardized rates (ASRs). Estimated annual percentage changes and 95% CIs were calculated to evaluate the variation trend of ASRs.ResultsDiabetes caused the majority of new cases and patients with CKD in all regions. All ASRs for type 2 diabetes-related CKD increased over 30 years. Asia and Middle socio-demographic index (SDI) quintile always carried the heaviest burden of CKD-DM. Diabetes type 2 became the second leading cause of CKD and CKD-related death and the third leading cause of CKD-related DALYs in 2019. Type 2 diabetes-related CKD accounted for most of the CKD-DM disease burden. There were 2.62 million incident cases, 134.58 million patients, 405.99 thousand deaths, and 13.09 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of CKD-DM worldwide in 2019. Age-standardized incidence (ASIR) and prevalence rate (ASPR) of type 1 diabetes-related CKD increased, whereas age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and DALY rate decreased for females and increased for males. In high SDI quintile, ASIR and ASPR of type 1 diabetes-related CKD remained the highest, with the slowest increase, whereas the ASDR and age-standardized DALY rate remained the lowest there. In high SDI quintile, ASIR of type 2 diabetes-related CKD was the highest, with the lowest increasing rate. In addition, type 2 diabetes-related CKD occurred most in people aged 80-plus years worldwide. The main age of type 2 diabetes-related CKD patients was 55-64 years in Asia and Africa. The prevalence, mortality, and DALY rate of type 2 diabetes-related CKD increased with age. As for incidence, there was a peak at 80 years, and after age of 80, the incidence declined. CKD-DM-related anemia was mainly in mild to moderate grade.ConclusionsIncreasing burden of CKD-DM varied among regions and countries. Prevention and treatment measures should be strengthened according to CKD-DM epidemiology, especially in middle SDI quintile and Asia.
| S-EPMC8281340 | biostudies-literature
Project description:(1) Background: Understanding occurrence can help formulate effective preventative laws and regulations. However, the most recent global burden and road injuries (RIs) trends have not been reported. This study reports the burden of RIs globally from 1990 to 2019. (2) Methods: RIs data were downloaded from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. Incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) described the trend and burden of RIs. We calculated age-standardized rates (ASRs) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) for the above indexes to evaluate the temporal trend of RIs. We evaluated the social-demographic index (SDI) with epidemiological RI parameters and reported proportions of age-standardized rates due to RI. (3) Results: In 2019, the global incidence of RIs reached 103.2 million. The EAPC of RI incidence increased, whereas deaths and DALYs decreased. Age-standardized incident rate (ASIR) was highest in low-middle SDI regions, age-standardized death rate (ASDR) was high in middle SDI regions, and age-standardized DALYs increased in low SDI regions. The highest accident rates were found in those aged 20–24 years old. Cyclist injuries were the leading RIs (34%), though pedestrian and motor vehicle accidents were the leading cause of death (37.4%, 37.6%) and DALYs (35.7%, 32.3%), respectively. (4) Conclusions: Over the past 30 years, RIs incidence increased annually, though death and DALY rates decreased. RIs places a considerable burden on public health in low SDI countries. Data should be used to develop and implement effective measures to reduce the burden of RIs.
| S-EPMC9779128 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsPancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumor with a strong invasive nature and low survival rate. We aimed to estimate the PC burden at the global, regional, and national levels in 204 countries from 1990 to 2019.MethodsDetailed data, including the incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), were analyzed from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019.ResultsGlobally, there were 530,297 (486,175-573,635) incident cases and 531,107 (491,948-566,537) deaths from PC in 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 6.6 (6-7.1), and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 6.6 (6.1-7.1) per 100,000 person-years. PC caused 11,549,016 (10,777,405-12,338,912) DALYs, with an age-standardized rate of 139.6 (130.2-149.1) per 100,000 person-years. There were increases in estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of ASIR (0.83; 0.78-0.87), ASMR (0.77; 0.73-0.81), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) (0.67; 0.63-0.71). The global number of incident cases increased by 168.7%, from 197,348 (188,604-203,971) to 530,297 (486,175-573,635); the number of deaths increased by 168.2% from 198,051 (189,329-204,763) to 531,107 (491,948-566,537); and total DALYs increased by 148.5% from 4,647,207 (4,465,440-4,812,129) to 11,549,016 (10,777,405-12,338,912). East Asia and China recorded the highest number of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs. The proportion of deaths was attributable to smoking (21.4%), elevated fasting glucose (9.1%), and high BMI (6%).ConclusionsOur study updated the epidemiological trends and risk factors for PC. PC remains a major hazard to the sustainability of health systems worldwide, with an increasing incidence rate and mortality from 1990 to 2019. More targeted strategies are required to prevent and treat PC.
| S-EPMC10215993 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionCancer is the leading cause of death among children.ObjectivesWe report on the latest estimates of the burden of cancer among children at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2019.MethodsBased on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, children's cancer data were analyzed by sex, age, year, and location. Age-standardized rates were used to compare the burdens among regions and nations. Joinpoint analysis was applied to assess the temporal trend of the global childhood cancer burden.ResultsIn 2019, 291,319 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 254,239 to 331,993) new cases and 98,834 (86,124 to 113,581) deaths from childhood cancer were documented globally. Further, 8,302,464 (7,230,447 to 9,555,118) DALYs and 1,806,630 (1,567,808 to 2,089,668) prevalent cases were recorded in the same year. Age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of childhood cancer were greatest in higher SDI settings and increased most significantly in Australasia and Southern Latin America over the last 30 years. However, although age-standardized death and DALY rates of childhood cancer have remarkably decreased in all regions since 1990, countries with a lower SDI showed the highest rates in 2019, particularly in countries in Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa. Among all cancers, leukemia has shown the largest decrease in burden since 1990. Despite this, leukemia was still the most common cancer and the leading cause of death among children in 2019, followed by brain and central nervous system cancer.ConclusionsOn a global scale, the childhood cancer burden has significantly fallen over the last 30 years, but is still higher in lower SDI countries. Effective interventions and collaborations among nations should be facilitated to improve healthcare among children with cancer in countries with lower SDI.
| S-EPMC9481947 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study presents a comprehensive analysis of global, regional, and national trends in the burden of hearing loss (HL) among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019, using data from the Global Burden of Disease study. Over this period, there was a general decline in HL prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) globally, with average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) of -0.03% (95% uncertainty interval [UI], -0.04% to -0.01%; p = 0.001) and -0.23% (95% UI, -0.25% to -0.20%; p < 0.001). Males exhibited higher rates of HL prevalence and YLDs than females. Mild and moderate HL were the most common categories across all age groups, but the highest proportion of YLDs was associated with profound HL [22.23% (95% UI, 8.63%-57.53%)]. Among females aged 15-19 years, the prevalence and YLD rates for moderate HL rose, with AAPCs of 0.14% (95% UI, 0.06%-0.22%; p = 0.001) and 0.13% (95% UI, 0.08%-0.18%; p < 0.001). This increase is primarily attributed to age-related and other HL (such as environmental, lifestyle factors, and occupational noise exposure) and otitis media, highlighting the need for targeted research and interventions for this demographic. Southeast Asia and Western Sub-Saharan Africa bore the heaviest HL burden, while High-income North America showed lower HL prevalence and YLD rates but a slight increasing trend in recent years, with AAPCs of 0.13% (95% UI, 0.1%-0.16%; p < 0.001) and 0.08% (95% UI, 0.04% to 0.12%; p < 0.001). Additionally, the analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between sociodemographic index (SDI) and both HL prevalence (r = -0.74; p < 0.001) and YLD (r = -0.76; p < 0.001) rates. However, the changes in HL trends were not significantly correlated with SDI, suggesting that factors beyond economic development, such as policies and cultural practices, also affect HL. Despite the overall optimistic trend, this study emphasizes the continued need to focus on specific high-risk groups and regions to further reduce the HL burden and enhance the quality of life for affected children and adolescents.
| S-EPMC11342320 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Epilepsy is a non-communicable chronic brain disease that affects all age groups. There are approximately 50 million epilepsy patients worldwide, which is one of the most common neurological disorder. This study reports the time trends in the burden of epilepsy from 1999 to 2019. We evaluated the disease burden and its temporal trends of epilepsy using the prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs), which was estimated based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. The age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to estimate the temporal trends of the epilepsy prevalence and YLDs rates, and to analyze the relative risks of age, periods and queues (age/period/queue effects). In the past 30 years, the global age-standardized prevalence rate and age-standardized rate has increased by 29.61% and 27.02%, respectively. Globally, the APC model estimated the net drift of prevalence and YLDs were 0.88% (95% CI: 0.83-0.93) and 0.80% (95% CI: 0.75-0.85) per year. Among 204 countries and territories, the YLDs in 146 and prevalence 164 showed an increasing trend. And the risk of YLDs and prevalence increases with age, with the lowest risk among 0-4 years old and the highest risk among 75-79 years old. Unfavorable increasing period and cohort risks of YLDs and prevalence were observed. Over the past 30 years, the YLDs and prevalence of epilepsy have gradually increased globally and unfavorable increasing period and cohort risks were observed. Emphasizing epilepsy prevention, strengthening epilepsy health education, optimizing older adults epilepsy diagnosis and treatment plans, and actively promoting epilepsy diagnosis and treatment plans can effectively reduce new cases of epilepsy and related disabilities.
| S-EPMC11373253 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCombating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (WHO-GHSS) and Interim Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination (WHO Interim Guidance). We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to HBV, as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. This included estimates for 194 WHO member states, for which we compared our estimates to WHO elimination targets.MethodsThe primary data sources were population-based serosurveys, claims and hospital discharges, cancer registries, vital registration systems, and published case series. We estimated chronic HBV infection and the burden of HBV-related diseases, defined as an aggregate of cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, liver cancer due to hepatitis B, and acute hepatitis B. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression tool, to estimate the prevalence of chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, and aetiological proportions of cirrhosis. We used mortality-to-incidence ratios modelled with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression to estimate the incidence of liver cancer. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) model, a tool that selects models and covariates on the basis of out-of-sample performance, to estimate mortality due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute hepatitis B.FindingsIn 2019, the estimated global, all-age prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 4·1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·7 to 4·5), corresponding to 316 million (284 to 351) infected people. There was a 31·3% (29·0 to 33·9) decline in all-age prevalence between 1990 and 2019, with a more marked decline of 76·8% (76·2 to 77·5) in prevalence in children younger than 5 years. HBV-related diseases resulted in 555 000 global deaths (487 000 to 630 000) in 2019. The number of HBV-related deaths increased between 1990 and 2019 (by 5·9% [-5·6 to 19·2]) and between 2015 and 2019 (by 2·9% [-5·9 to 11·3]). By contrast, all-age and age-standardised death rates due to HBV-related diseases decreased during these periods. We compared estimates for 2019 in 194 WHO locations to WHO-GHSS 2020 targets, and found that four countries achieved a 10% reduction in deaths, 15 countries achieved a 30% reduction in new cases, and 147 countries achieved a 1% prevalence in children younger than 5 years. As of 2019, 68 of 194 countries had already achieved the 2030 target proposed in WHO Interim Guidance of an all-age HBV-related death rate of four per 100 000.InterpretationThe prevalence of chronic HBV infection declined over time, particularly in children younger than 5 years, since the introduction of hepatitis B vaccination. HBV-related death rates also decreased, but HBV-related death counts increased as a result of population growth, ageing, and cohort effects. By 2019, many countries had met the interim seroprevalence target for children younger than 5 years, but few countries had met the WHO-GHSS interim targets for deaths and new cases. Progress according to all indicators must be accelerated to meet 2030 targets, and there are marked disparities in burden and progress across the world. HBV interventions, such as vaccination, testing, and treatment, must be strategically supported and scaled up to achieve elimination.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
| S-EPMC9349325 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsAnxiety disorders are widespread across the world. A systematic understanding of the disease burden, temporal trend and risk factors of anxiety disorders provides the essential foundation for targeted public policies on mental health at the national, regional, and global levels.MethodsThe estimation of anxiety disorders in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 using systematic review was conducted to describe incidence, prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 204 countries and regions from 1990 to 2019. We calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) to quantify the temporal trends in anxiety disorders burden by sex, region and age over the past 30 years and analysed the impact of epidemiological and demographic changes on anxiety disorders.ResultsGlobally, 45.82 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 37.14, 55.62] million incident cases of anxiety disorders, 301.39 million (95% UI: 252.63, 356.00) prevalent cases and 28.68 (95% UI: 19.86, 39.32) million DALYs were estimated in 2019. Although the overall age-standardised burden rate of anxiety disorders remained stable over the past three decades, the latest absolute number of anxiety disorders increased by 50% from 1990. We observed huge disparities in both age-standardised burden rate and changing trend of anxiety disorders in sex, country and age. In 2019, 7.07% of the global DALYs due to anxiety disorders were attributable to bullying victimisation, mainly among the population aged 5-39 years, and the proportion increased in almost all countries and territories compared with 1990.ConclusionAnxiety disorder is still the most common mental illness in the world and has a striking impact on the global burden of disease. Controlling potential risk factors, such as bullying, establishing effective mental health knowledge dissemination and diversifying intervention strategies adapted to specific characteristics will reduce the burden of anxiety disorders.
| S-EPMC8157816 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is a major health concern. Understanding the different burden and tendency of MM in different regions is crucial for formulating specific local strategies. Therefore, we evaluated the epidemiologic patterns and explored the risk factors for MM death.MethodsData on MM were collected from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. We used incidence, mortality, and disability adjusted life-years to estimate the global, regional, and national burden of MM.ResultsIn 2019, there were 155,688 (95% UI, 136,585 - 172,577) MM cases worldwide, of which 84,516 (54.3%, 70,924 - 94,910) were of men. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 1.72/100,000 persons (95% UI, 1.59-1.93) in 1990 and 1.92/100,000 persons (95% UI, 1.68-2.12) in 2019. The number of MM deaths increased 1.19-fold from 51,862 (95% UI, 47,710-58,979) in 1990 to 113,474 (95% UI, 99,527 - 121,735) in 2019; the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) was 1.42/100,000 persons (95% UI, 1.24-1.52) in 2019. In recent 15 years, ASDR showed a steady tendency for men, and a downward tendency for women. Countries with high social-demographic indexes exhibited a higher ASIR and ASDR. Australasia, North America, and Western Europe had the highest ASIR and ASDR, with 46.3% incident cases and 41.8% death cases. Monaco had the highest ASIR and ASDR, which was almost half as high as the second highest country Barbados. In addition, United Arab Emirates and Qatar had the largest growth multiple in ASIR and ASDR, which was twice the third country Djibouti.ConclusionsGlobally, incident and death MM cases have more than doubled over the past 30 years. The increasing global burden may continue with population aging, whereas mortality may continue to decrease with the progression of medical technology. The global burden pattern of MM was diverse, therefore specific local strategies based on different burden patterns for MM are necessary.
| S-EPMC8152089 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: We aimed to estimate the incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 204 countries and territories. We examined the variations in these trends by country, gender, age group, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Methods: We calculated the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) to assess temporal trends in the age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized mortality rate, and age-standardized DALYs of COPD from 1990 to 2019. Results: From 1990 to 2019, the COPD incidence and COPD-associated deaths and DALYs increased worldwide by 86%, 30%, and 26%, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the global age-standardized incidence rate (EAPC, -0.11; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.25 to 0.04), age-standardized mortality rate (EAPC, -2.10; 95% CI, -2.19 to -2.00), and age-standardized DALYs (EAPC, -1.87; 95% CI, -1.94 to -1.81) of COPD decreased. The age-standardized incidence of COPD increased most in areas with high SDI (EAPC 0.56). The largest increases in the age-standardized incidence rate of COPD were recorded in High-income North America (EAPC, 1.41), Southern Latin America (EAPC, 0.29), and North Africa and the Middle East (EAPC, 0.09). The three countries that recorded the largest increases in COPD incidence from 1990 to 2019 were the United States of America (EAPC, 1.51), Saudi Arabia (EAPC, 1.17), and Oman (EAPC, 1.10). Conclusion: Despite the decreased burden of COPD globally from 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate of COPD increased in areas with high SDI, High-income North America, Southern Latin America, North Africa, and the Middle East.
| S-EPMC9396373 | biostudies-literature