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Hybrid systems using residual modeling for sea surface temperature forecasting.

ABSTRACT: The sea surface temperature (SST) is an environmental indicator closely related to climate, weather, and atmospheric events worldwide. Its forecasting is essential for supporting the decision of governments and environmental organizations. Literature has shown that single machine learning (ML) models are generally more accurate than traditional statistical models for SST time series modeling. However, the parameters tuning of these ML models is a challenging task, mainly when complex phenomena, such as SST forecasting, are addressed. Issues related to misspecification, overfitting, or underfitting of the ML models can lead to underperforming forecasts. This work proposes using hybrid systems (HS) that combine (ML) models using residual forecasting as an alternative to enhance the performance of SST forecasting. In this context, two types of combinations are evaluated using two ML models: support vector regression (SVR) and long short-term memory (LSTM). The experimental evaluation was performed on three datasets from different regions of the Atlantic Ocean using three well-known measures: mean square error (MSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean absolute error (MAE). The best HS based on SVR improved the MSE value for each analyzed series by [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] compared to its respective single model. The HS employing the LSTM improved [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] concerning the single LSTM model. Compared to literature approaches, at least one version of HS attained higher accuracy than statistical and ML models in all study cases. In particular, the nonlinear combination of the ML models obtained the best performance among the proposed HS versions.

SUBMITTER: de Mattos Neto PSG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8752630 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundMonkeypox virus is gaining attention due to its severity and spread among people. This study sheds light on the modeling and forecasting of new monkeypox cases. Knowledge about the future situation of the virus using a more accurate time series and stochastic models is required for future actions and plans to cope with the challenge.MethodsWe conduct a side-by-side comparison of the machine learning approach with the traditional time series model. The multilayer perceptron model (MLP), a machine learning technique, and the Box-Jenkins methodology, also known as the ARIMA model, are used for classical modeling. Both methods are applied to the Monkeypox cumulative data set and compared using different model selection criteria such as root mean square error, mean square error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error.ResultsWith a root mean square error of 150.78, the monkeypox series follows the ARIMA (7,1,7) model among the other potential models. Comparatively, we use the multilayer perceptron (MLP) model, which employs the sigmoid activation function and has a different number of hidden neurons in a single hidden layer. The root mean square error of the MLP model, which uses a single input and ten hidden neurons, is 54.40, significantly lower than that of the ARIMA model. The actual confirmed cases versus estimated or fitted plots also demonstrate that the multilayer perceptron model has a better fit for the monkeypox data than the ARIMA model.Conclusions and recommendationWhen it comes to predicting monkeypox, the machine learning method outperforms the traditional time series. A better match can be achieved in future studies by applying the extreme learning machine model (ELM), support vector machine (SVM), and some other methods with various activation functions. It is thus concluded that the selected data provide a real picture of the virus. If the situations remain the same, governments and other stockholders should ensure the follow-up of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) among the masses, as the trends will continue rising in the upcoming 10 days. However, governments should take some serious interventions to cope with the virus.LimitationIn the ARIMA models selected for forecasting, we did not incorporate the effect of covariates such as the effect of net migration of monkeypox virus patients, government interventions, etc.

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Hybrid systems using residual modeling for sea surface temperature forecasting.

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