De novo mutations identified by whole-genome sequencing implicate chromatin modifications in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Lin GN
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8754407 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Neurogenetics of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
| PRJNA588485 | ENA
Project description:Neurogenetics of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
| PRJNA588486 | ENA
Project description:BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder with a genetic risk component, yet identification of high-confidence risk genes has been challenging. In recent years, risk gene discovery in other complex psychiatric disorders has been achieved by studying rare de novo (DN) coding variants.MethodsWe performed whole-exome sequencing in 222 OCD parent-child trios (184 trios after quality control), comparing DN variant frequencies with 777 previously sequenced unaffected trios. We estimated the contribution of DN mutations to OCD risk and the number of genes involved. Finally, we looked for gene enrichment in other datasets and canonical pathways.ResultsDN likely gene disrupting and predicted damaging missense variants are enriched in OCD probands (rate ratio, 1.52; p = .0005) and contribute to risk. We identified 2 high-confidence risk genes, each containing 2 DN damaging variants in unrelated probands: CHD8 and SCUBE1. We estimate that 34% of DN damaging variants in OCD contribute to risk and that DN damaging variants in approximately 335 genes contribute to risk in 22% of OCD cases. Furthermore, genes harboring DN damaging variants in OCD are enriched for those reported in neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly Tourette's disorder and autism spectrum disorder. An exploratory network analysis reveals significant functional connectivity and enrichment in canonical pathways, biological processes, and disease networks.ConclusionsOur findings show a pathway toward systematic gene discovery in OCD via identification of DN damaging variants. Sequencing larger cohorts of OCD parent-child trios will reveal more OCD risk genes and will provide needed insights into underlying disease biology.
| S-EPMC7160031 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly prevalent and chronic condition that is associated with substantial global disability. OCD is the key example of the 'obsessive-compulsive and related disorders', a group of conditions which are now classified together in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, and which are often underdiagnosed and undertreated. In addition, OCD is an important example of a neuropsychiatric disorder in which rigorous research on phenomenology, psychobiology, pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy has contributed to better recognition, assessment and outcomes. Although OCD is a relatively homogenous disorder with similar symptom dimensions globally, individualized assessment of symptoms, the degree of insight, and the extent of comorbidity is needed. Several neurobiological mechanisms underlying OCD have been identified, including specific brain circuits that underpin OCD. In addition, laboratory models have demonstrated how cellular and molecular dysfunction underpins repetitive stereotyped behaviours, and the genetic architecture of OCD is increasingly understood. Effective treatments for OCD include serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive-behavioural therapy, and neurosurgery for those with intractable symptoms. Integration of global mental health and translational neuroscience approaches could further advance knowledge on OCD and improve clinical outcomes.
| S-EPMC7370844 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence of 2-3%. Recently, brain activity in the resting state is gathering attention for exploring altered functional connectivity in psychiatric disorders. Although previous resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies investigated the neurobiological abnormalities of patients with OCD, there are concerns that should be addressed. One concern is the validity of the hypothesis employed. Most studies used seed-based analysis of the fronto-striatal circuit, despite the potential for abnormalities in other regions. A hypothesis-free study is a promising approach in such a case, while it requires researchers to handle a dataset with large dimensions. Another concern is the reliability of biomarkers derived from a single dataset, which may be influenced by cohort-specific features. Here, our machine learning algorithm identified an OCD biomarker that achieves high accuracy for an internal dataset (AUC = 0.81; N = 108) and demonstrates generalizability to an external dataset (AUC = 0.70; N = 28). Our biomarker was unaffected by medication status, and the functional networks contributing to the biomarker were distributed widely, including the frontoparietal and default mode networks. Our biomarker has the potential to deepen our understanding of OCD and to be applied clinically.
| S-EPMC5548868 | biostudies-other
Project description:Up to 30% of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) exhibit an inadequate response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs). To date, genetic predictors of OCD treatment response have not been systematically investigated using genome-wide association study (GWAS). To identify specific genetic variations potentially influencing SRI response, we conducted a GWAS study in 804 OCD patients with information on SRI response. SRI response was classified as 'response' (n=514) or 'non-response' (n=290), based on self-report. We used the more powerful Quasi-Likelihood Score Test (the MQLS test) to conduct a genome-wide association test correcting for relatedness, and then used an adjusted logistic model to evaluate the effect size of the variants in probands. The top single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was rs17162912 (P=1.76 × 10(-8)), which is near the DISP1 gene on 1q41-q42, a microdeletion region implicated in neurological development. The other six SNPs showing suggestive evidence of association (P<10(-5)) were rs9303380, rs12437601, rs16988159, rs7676822, rs1911877 and rs723815. Among them, two SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium, rs7676822 and rs1911877, located near the PCDH10 gene, gave P-values of 2.86 × 10(-6) and 8.41 × 10(-6), respectively. The other 35 variations with signals of potential significance (P<10(-4)) involve multiple genes expressed in the brain, including GRIN2B, PCDH10 and GPC6. Our enrichment analysis indicated suggestive roles of genes in the glutamatergic neurotransmission system (false discovery rate (FDR)=0.0097) and the serotonergic system (FDR=0.0213). Although the results presented may provide new insights into genetic mechanisms underlying treatment response in OCD, studies with larger sample sizes and detailed information on drug dosage and treatment duration are needed.
| S-EPMC5027902 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been seen to run in families and genetics help to understand its heritability. In this review, we summarize older studies which focused on establishing the familial nature of OCD, including its various dimensions of symptoms, and we focus on recent findings from studies using both the candidate gene approach and genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. The family studies and twin studies establish the heritability of OCD. Candidate gene approaches have implicated genes in the serotonergic, glutamatergic, and dopaminergic pathways. GWAS has not produced significant results possibly due to the small sample size. Newer techniques such as gene expression studies in brain tissue, stem cell technology, and epigenetic studies may shed more light on the complex genetic basis of OCD.
| S-EPMC6343406 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Neuromodulation shows increasing promise in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, particularly obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Development of tools and techniques including deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and electroconvulsive therapy may yield additional options for patients who fail to respond to standard treatments. This article reviews the motivation for and use of these treatments in OCD. We begin with a brief description of the illness followed by discussion of the circuit models thought to underlie the disorder. These circuits provide targets for intervention. Basal ganglia and talamocortical pathophysiology, including cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops is a focus of this discussion. Neuroimaging findings and historical treatments that led to the use of neuromodulation for OCD are presented. We then present evidence from neuromodulation studies using deep brain stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy, and transcranial magnetic stimulation, with targets including nucleus accumbens, subthalamic nucleus inferior thalamic peduncle, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, and orbitofrontal cortex. Finally, we explore potential future neuromodulation approaches that may further refine and improve treatment.
| S-EPMC4121444 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) exhibit abnormal neural responses when they experience particular emotions or when they evaluate stimuli with emotional value. Whether these brain responses are sufficiently distinctive to discriminate between OCD patients and healthy controls is unknown. The present study is the first to investigate the discriminative power of multivariate pattern analysis of regional fMRI responses to moral and non-moral emotions.To accomplish this goal, we performed a searchlight-based multivariate pattern analysis to unveil brain regions that could discriminate 18 OCD patients from 18 matched healthy controls during provoked guilt, disgust, compassion, and anger. We also investigated the existence of distinctive neural patterns while combining those four emotions (herein termed multiemotion analysis).We found that different frontostriatal regions discriminated OCD patients from controls based on individual emotional experiences. Most notably, the left nucleus accumbens (NAcc) discriminated OCD patients from controls during both disgust and the multiemotion analysis. Among other regions, the angular gyrus responses to anger and the lingual and the middle temporal gyri in the multi-emotion analysis were highly discriminant between samples. Additional BOLD analyses supported the directionality of these findings.In line with previous studies, differential activity in regions beyond the frontostriatal circuitry differentiates OCD from healthy volunteers. The finding that the response of the left NAcc to different basic and moral emotions is highly discriminative for a diagnosis of OCD confirms current pathophysiological models and points to new venues of research.
| S-EPMC6051311 | biostudies-other
Project description:BACKGROUND:Despite evidence that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a familial neuropsychiatric condition, progress aimed at identifying genetic determinants of the disorder has been slow. The OCD Collaborative Genetics Study (OCGS) has identified several OCD susceptibility loci through linkage analysis. METHODS:In this study we investigate two regions on chromosomes 15q and 1q by first refining the linkage region using additional short tandem repeat polymorphic (STRP) markers. We then performed association analysis on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) genotyped (markers placed every 2-4?kb) in the linkage regions in the OCGS sample of 376 rigorously phenotyped affected families. RESULTS:Three SNPs are most strongly associated with OCD: rs11854486 (P?=?0.00005 [0.046 after adjustment for multiple tests]; genetic relative risk (GRR)?=?11.1 homozygous and 1.6 heterozygous) and rs4625687 [P?=?0.00007 (after adjustment?=?0.06); GRR?=?2.4] on 15q; and rs4387163 (P?=?0.0002 (after adjustment?=?0.08); GRR?=?1.97) on 1q. The first SNP is adjacent to NANOGP8, the second SNP is in MEIS2, and the third is 150?kb between PBX1 and LMX1A. CONCLUSIONS:All the genes implicated by association signals are homeobox genes and are intimately involved in neurodevelopment. PBX1 and MEIS2 exert their effects by the formation of a heterodimeric complex, which is involved in development of the striatum, a brain region involved in the pathophysiology of OCD. NANOGP8 is a retrogene of NANOG, a homeobox transcription factor known to be involved in regulation of neuronal development. These findings need replication; but support the hypothesis that genes involved in striatal development are implicated in the pathogenesis of OCD.
| S-EPMC3250212 | biostudies-literature