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Cortical thinning and sleep slow wave activity reductions mediate age-related improvements in cognition during mid-late adolescence.

ABSTRACT: Gains in cognitive test performance that occur during adolescence are associated with brain maturation. Cortical thinning and reduced sleep slow wave activity (SWA) are markers of such developmental changes. Here we investigate whether they mediate age-related improvements in cognition. 109 adolescents aged 15-19 years (49 males) underwent magnetic resonance imaging, polysomnography (PSG), and a battery of cognitive tasks within a 2-month time window. Cognitive tasks assessed nonverbal intelligence, sustained attention, speed of processing and working memory and executive function. To minimize the effect of sleep history on SWA and cognitive performance, PSG and test batteries were administered only after at least 8 nights of 9-h time-in-bed (TIB) sleep opportunity. Age-related improvements in speed of processing (r = 0.33, p = 0.001) and nonverbal intelligence (r = 0.24, p = 0.01) domains were observed. These cognitive changes were associated with reduced cortical thickness, particularly in bilateral temporoparietal regions (rs = -0.21 to -0.45, ps < 0.05), as well as SWA (r = -0.35, p < 0.001). Serial mediation models found that ROIs in the middle/superior temporal cortices, together with SWA mediated the age-related improvement observed on cognition. During adolescence, age-related improvements in cognition are mediated by reductions in cortical thickness and sleep SWA.

SUBMITTER: Ong JL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8754498 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cortical thinning and sleep slow wave activity reductions mediate age-related improvements in cognition during mid-late adolescence.

Ong Ju Lynn JL Jamaluddin S Azrin SA Tandi Jesisca J Chee Nicholas I Y N NIYN Leong Ruth L F RLF Huber Reto R Lo June C JC Chee Michael W L MWL

Sleep 20220101 1

<h4>Study objectives</h4>Gains in cognitive test performance that occur during adolescence are associated with brain maturation. Cortical thinning and reduced sleep slow wave activity (SWA) are markers of such developmental changes. Here we investigate whether they mediate age-related improvements in cognition.<h4>Methods</h4>109 adolescents aged 15-19 years (49 males) underwent magnetic resonance imaging, polysomnography (PSG), and a battery of cognitive tasks within a 2-month time window. Cogn ...[more]

PMID: 34379782

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Project description:ImportanceChildhood exposure to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common. Individuals with a childhood history of mTBI experience more frequent criminal justice involvement in mid to late adolescence and adulthood. No study had been conducted to examine whether the link is causal or spurious.ObjectiveTo determine whether mTBI in childhood causes criminal justice involvement in mid to late adolescence.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study used population-based data for all children born between 1995 and 2000 in Denmark, with data linked to emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations before age 10 years and all criminal charges and convictions from ages 15 to 20 years. The exposure group contained all individuals diagnosed with mTBI before age 10 years without other intracranial or extracranial injuries; the comparison group was individuals not diagnosed with mTBI or intracranial or extracranial injuries. Sibling and twin fixed-effects models were used to evaluate the association after controlling for family-level confounding. Data were analyzed from May 2021 to July 2024.ExposuresMild TBI before age 10 years without other intracranial or extracranial injuries before or at the time of diagnosis.Main outcomes and measuresAssociations between mTBI before age 10 years and criminal charges and convictions from ages 15 to 20 for the entire study population and separately by sex at birth, controlling for additional covariates.ResultsThe final analytic sample consisted of 343 027 individuals, 13 514 in the exposure group and 329 513 in the comparison group. Of the total sample, 166 455 (49%) were female and 176 572 were male (51%). A total of 326 191 participants (95%) had at least 1 parent with Danish citizenship, and 79 386 mothers (23%) held a college degree. There was a positive association between mTBI and criminal charges (odds ratio [OR], 1.26; 95% CI, 1.19-1.34) and convictions (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.16-1.33). When controlling for family-level confounding, the associations became statistically insignificant and, in most models, greatly reduced. Results were robust across multiple model specifications.Conclusions and relevanceThis study found that although mTBI in childhood was predictive of adolescent criminal justice involvement, there was no evidence that mTBI caused criminal charges or convictions.

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Cortical thinning and sleep slow wave activity reductions mediate age-related improvements in cognition during mid-late adolescence.

Publications

Cortical thinning and sleep slow wave activity reductions mediate age-related improvements in cognition during mid-late adolescence.

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