Dataset Information

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Breakthrough Infection and Post-Vaccination Neutralizing Antibodies Among Healthcare Workers in a Referral Hospital in Tokyo: A Case-Control Matching Study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

While increasing coverage of effective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emergent variants raise concerns about breakthrough infection. Data are limited, however, whether breakthrough infection during the epidemic of the variant is ascribed to insufficient vaccine-induced immunogenicity.

Methods

We describe incident COVID-19 in relation to the vaccination program among workers of a referral hospital in Tokyo. During the predominantly Delta epidemic, we followed 2415 fully vaccinated staff (BNT162b2) for breakthrough infection and selected 3 matched controls. We measured post-vaccination neutralizing antibodies against the wild-type, Alpha (B.1.1.7), and Delta (B.1.617.2) strains using live viruses and anti-spike antibodies using quantitative assays, and compared them using the generalized estimating equation model between the 2 groups.

Results

No COVID-19 cases occurred 1-2 months after the vaccination program during the fourth epidemic wave in Japan, dominated by the Alpha variant, while 22 cases emerged 2-4 months after the vaccination program during the fifth wave, dominated by the Delta variant. In the vaccinated cohort, all 17 cases of breakthrough infection were mild or asymptomatic and participants had returned to work early. There was no measurable difference between cases and controls in post-vaccination neutralizing antibody titers against the wild-type, Alpha, Delta, and anti-spike antibody titers, while neutralizing titers against the variants were considerably lower than those against the wild-type.

Conclusions

Post-vaccination neutralizing antibody titers were not decreased among patients with breakthrough infection relative to their controls under the Delta variant outbreak. The result points to the importance of infection-control measures in the post-vaccination era, irrespective of immunogenicity profile.

SUBMITTER: Yamamoto S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8755292 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Breakthrough Infection and Post-Vaccination Neutralizing Antibodies Among Healthcare Workers in a Referral Hospital in Tokyo: A Case-Control Matching Study.

Yamamoto Shohei S Maeda Kenji K Matsuda Kouki K Tanaka Akihito A Horii Kumi K Okudera Kaori K Takeuchi Junko S JS Mizoue Tetsuya T Konishi Maki M Ozeki Mitsuru M Sugiyama Haruhito H Aoyanagi Nobuyoshi N Mitsuya Hiroaki H Sugiura Wataru W Ohmagari Norio N

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 20220801 1

<h4>Background</h4>While increasing coverage of effective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emergent variants raise concerns about breakthrough infection. Data are limited, however, whether breakthrough infection during the epidemic of the variant is ascribed to insufficient vaccine-induced immunogenicity.<h4>Methods</h4>We describe incident COVID-19 in relation to the vaccination program among workers of a referral hospital in Tokyo. During the predominantly Delta epidemic, ...[more]

PMID: 34950947

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Project description:BackgroundThe spread of the vaccine-resistant Omicron severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants threatens unvaccinated and fully vaccinated individuals, and accelerated booster vaccination campaigns are underway to mitigate the ongoing wave of Omicron cases. The immunity provided by standard vaccine regimens, boosted regimens, and immune responses elicited by vaccination plus natural infection remain incompletely understood. The magnitude, quality, and durability of serological responses, and the likelihood of protection against future SARS-CoV-2 variants following these modes of exposure, are poorly characterized but are critical to the future trajectory of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.MethodsNinety-nine individuals were semi-randomly selected from a larger vaccination cohort following vaccination and, in some cases, breakthrough infection. We analyzed spike receptor-binding domain-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, neutralizing antibody titers against live SARS-CoV-2 variants, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis.FindingsIn 99 vaccinated adults, compared with responses after two doses of an mRNA regimen, the immune responses 3 months after a third vaccine dose and 1 month after breakthrough infection due to prior variants show dramatic increases in magnitude, potency, and breadth, including increased antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and robust neutralization of the currently circulating Omicron BA.2 variant.ConclusionsBoosters and natural infection substantially boost immune responses. As the number of Omicron sub-variant cases rise and as global vaccination and booster campaigns continue, an increasing proportion of the world's population will acquire potent immune responses that may be protective against future SARS-CoV-2 variants.FundingThis work was funded by the M. J. Murdock Charitable Trust, the OHSU Foundation, the NIH (T32HL083808), and OHSU Innovative IDEA.

Dataset Information

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Breakthrough Infection and Post-Vaccination Neutralizing Antibodies Among Healthcare Workers in a Referral Hospital in Tokyo: A Case-Control Matching Study.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Breakthrough Infection and Post-Vaccination Neutralizing Antibodies Among Healthcare Workers in a Referral Hospital in Tokyo: A Case-Control Matching Study.

Similar Datasets

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