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Heat-Induced Dry Hydrolysis of Sodium Borohydride/Oxalic Acid Dihydrate Composite for Hydrogen Production.

ABSTRACT: The generation of hydrogen, free of poisonous gas, combined with a lightweight proton-exchange membrane fuel cell can expand the use of hydrogen energy from conventional ground transportation vehicles and power stations to a variety of flying vehicles and wearable devices for civilian and military purposes. Herein, a hydrogen fuel composite composed of sodium borohydride (SB) and oxalic acid dihydrate (OA·2H₂O) is introduced. The SB/OA·2H₂O composite was easily decomposed to generate pure hydrogen at a trigger temperature of 50 °C, at which the water molecules of the OA·2H₂O component were effectively liberated, inducing hydrolysis of the SB component to produce hydrogen gas. This dry hydrolysis-based hydrogen generation using the SB/OA·2H₂O composite has the merits of rapidly generating hydrogen (i.e., 0.4 g of the composite can be fully decomposed within a minute at low temperatures), free of poisonous gas, in approximately 5 wt % yield (the theoretical maximum value).

SUBMITTER: Shin S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8757443 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Copper Nanowires as Highly Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Rapid Hydrogen Generation from Hydrolysis of Sodium Borohydride.

Project description:: Hydrogen (H2) is a clean energy carrier which can help to solve environmental issues with the depletion of fossil fuels. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is a promising candidate material for solid state hydrogen storage due to its huge hydrogen storage capacity and nontoxicity. However, the hydrolysis of NaBH4 usually requires expensive noble metal catalysts for a high H2 generation rate (HGR). Here, we synthesized high-aspect ratio copper nanowires (CuNWs) using a hydrothermal method and used them as the catalyst for the hydrolysis of NaBH4 to produce H2. The catalytic H2 generation demonstrated that 0.1 ng of CuNWs could achieve the highest volume of H2 gas in 240 min. The as-prepared CuNWs exhibited remarkable catalytic performance: the HGR of this study (2.7 × 1010 mL min-1 g-1) is ~3.27 × 107 times higher than a previous study on a Cu-based catalyst. Furthermore, a low activation energy (Ea) of 42.48 kJ mol-1 was calculated. Next, the retreated CuNWs showed an outstanding and stable performance for five consecutive cycles. Moreover, consistent catalytic activity was observed when the same CuNWs strip was used for four consecutive weeks. Based on the results obtained, we have shown that CuNWs can be a plausible candidate for the replacement of a costly catalyst for H2 generation.

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Crystal structures of deuterated sodium molybdate dihydrate and sodium tungstate dihydrate from time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction.

Project description:Time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction data have been measured from ?90?mol% deuterated isotopologues of Na2MoO4·2H2O and Na2WO4·2H2O at 295?K to a resolution of sin?(?)/? = 0.77?Å(-1). The use of neutrons has allowed refinement of structural parameters with a precision that varies by a factor of two from the heaviest to the lightest atoms; this contrasts with the X-ray based refinements where precision may be > 20× poorer for O atoms in the presence of atoms such as Mo and W. The accuracy and precision of inter-atomic distances and angles are in excellent agreement with recent X-ray single-crystal structure refinements whilst also completing our view of the hydrogen-bond geometry to the same degree of statistical certainty. The two structures are isotypic, space-group Pbca, with all atoms occupying general positions, being comprised of edge- and corner-sharing NaO5 and NaO6 polyhedra that form layers parallel with (010) inter-leaved with planes of XO4 (X = Mo, W) tetra-hedra that are linked by chains of water mol-ecules along [100] and [001]. The complete structure is identical with the previously described molybdate [Capitelli et al. (2006 ?). Asian J. Chem. 18, 2856-2860] but shows that the purported three-centred inter-action involving one of the water mol-ecules in the tungstate [Farrugia (2007 ?). Acta Cryst. E63, i142] is in fact an ordinary two-centred 'linear' hydrogen bond.

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Silver nanoparticles-containing dual-function hydrogels based on a guar gum-sodium borohydride system.

Project description:Dual-function hydrogels, possessing both stimuli-responsive and self-healing properties, have recently attracted attention of both chemists and materials scientists. Here we report a new paradigm using natural polymer (guar gum, GG) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4), for the preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-containing smart hydrogels in a simple, fast and economical way. NaBH4 performs as a reducing agent for AgNPs synthesis using silver nitrate (AgNO3) as the precursor. Meanwhile, sodium metaborate (NaBO2) (from NaBH4) behaves as a cross-linking agent between GG molecular chains. The AgNPs/GG hydrogels with excellent viscoelastic properties can be obtained within 3?min at room temperature without the addition of other cross-linkers. The resultant AgNPs/GG hydrogels are flowable and injectable, and they possess excellent pH/thermal responsive properties. Additionally, they exhibit rapid self-healing capacity. This work introduces a facile and scale-up way to prepare a class of hydrogels that can have great potential to biomedical and other industrial applications.

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(Di-methyl-phosphor-yl)methanaminium hydrogen oxalate-oxalic acid (2/1).

Project description:The reaction of (di-methyl-phosphor-yl)methanamine (dpma) with oxalic acid in ethanol yielded the title solvated salt, C3H11NOP(+)·C2HO4 (-)·0.5C2H2O4. Its asymmetric unit consists of one dpmaH(+) cation, one hydrogen oxalate anion and a half-mol-ecule of oxalic acid located around a twofold rotation axis. The H atom of the hydrogen oxalate anion is statistically disordered over two positions that are trans to each other. The hydrogen oxalate monoanion is not planar (bend angle ?16°) whereas the oxalic acid molecule shows a significantly smaller bend angle (?7°). In the crystal, the components are connected by strong O-H?O and much weaker N-H?O hydrogen bonds, leading to the formation of layers extending parallel to (001). The structure was refined from a racemically twinned crystal with twin components in an approximate 1:1 ratio.

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Crystal structure of di-methyl-ammonium hydrogen oxalate hemi(oxalic acid).

Project description:Single crystals of the title salt, Me2NH2 (+)·HC2O4 (-)·0.5H2C2O4, were isolated as a side product from the reaction involving Me2NH, H2C2O4 and Sn(n-Bu)3Cl in a 1:2 ratio in methanol or by the reaction of the (Me2NH2)2C2O4 salt and Sn(CH3)3Cl in a 2:1 ratio in ethanol. The asymmetric unit comprises a di-methyl-ammonium cation (Me2NH2 (+)), an hydrogenoxalate anion (HC2O4 (-)), and half a mol-ecule of oxalic acid (H2C2O4) situated about an inversion center. From a supra-molecular point of view, the three components inter-act together via hydrogen bonding. The Me2NH2 (+) cations and the HC2O4 (-) anions are in close proximity through bifurcated N-H?(O,O) hydrogen bonds, while the HC2O4 (-) anions are organized into infinite chains via O-H?O hydrogen bonds, propagating along the a-axis direction. In addition, the oxalic acid (H2C2O4) mol-ecules play the role of connectors between these chains. Both the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups of each diacid are involved in four inter-molecular inter-actions with two Me2NH2 (+) and two HC2O4 (-) ions of four distinct polymeric chains, via two N-H?O and two O-H?O hydrogen bonds, respectively. The resulting mol-ecular assembly can be viewed as a two-dimensional bilayer-like arrangement lying parallel to (010), and reinforced by a C-H?O hydrogen bond.

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